![](https://static.cambridge.org/binary/version/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:binary-alt:20170923071645-17180-mediumThumb-S0022143000008030_fig1g.jpg?pub-status=live)
Fig. 1. Frost heaving in chalk at Saffron Walden, February 1947. The black fissures are solid ice; all the white chalk fragments were originally in close contact with each other. Many fragments have been fractured during the frost
![](https://static.cambridge.org/binary/version/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:binary-alt:20170923071645-26617-mediumThumb-S0022143000008030_fig2g.jpg?pub-status=live)
Fig. 2. Wind Effects in a Railway Cutting near Barras, Westmorland