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Modelling the city: bedroom drawer blueprints as urban planning in Maputo, Mozambique

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 March 2023

Morten Nielsen*
Affiliation:
National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

Abstract

It has become a well-rehearsed truism that the growth of sub-Saharan African cities is the result of an amassing of persons, things and knowledge that takes place in the absence of centrally planned development initiatives and without any tightly orchestrated coordination of social life. Under such conditions, the argument goes, urbanites make do with whatever resources are available while increasingly chaotic cities expand beyond their social and material capacities. The question is, however, whether weak – and even absent – systems of urban management can be taken to signify a lack of coordination and planning of urban development. Might it not be, for instance, that cities organize and model themselves through means other than those afforded by formal urban planning schemes? Based on ethnographic data from Maputo, Mozambique, this article explores the shifting material forms of what are locally described as ‘bedroom drawer blueprints’ as an acutely potent type of urban modelling. Current and prospective house builders in Maputo exchange and share blueprints and physical and virtual models of houses that they plan to eventually build. Considered by residents as valuable social and material assets, such blueprints and models also offer an opportunity for experimenting with new forms of aesthetic organization of the city. Comparing the ongoing transactions and sharing of bedroom drawer blueprints with the increasing global circulation of middle-class architectural urban models, in this article I argue that it is the capacity of the former to move between different material forms and modalities that gives them their particular aesthetic potency and drive.

Résumé

Résumé

C’est désormais un truisme souvent répété que de dire que la croissance des villes africaines subsahariennes résulte d’un amassement de personnes, de choses et de connaissances qui survient en l’absence de programmes de développement à planification centralisée et sans coordination bien orchestrée de la vie sociale. Dans de telles conditions, selon l’argument, les urbains font avec les ressources disponibles tandis que les villes, de plus en plus chaotiques, se développent au-delà de leurs capacités sociales et matérielles. La question est de savoir, cependant, si la faiblesse, voire l’absence, de systèmes de gestion urbaine peut se traduire par un manque de coordination et de planification du développement urbain. Ne se pourrait-il pas, par exemple, que les villes s’organisent et s’inspirent à travers des moyens autres que ceux qu’offrent les programmes formels de développement urbain ? S’appuyant sur des données ethnographiques de Maputo (Mozambique), cet article explore les formes matérielles changeantes de ce que l’on appelle localement « bedroom drawer blueprints » [que l’on pourrait traduire par « plans gardés sous le coude »] comme type extrêmement puissant de modélisation urbaine. À Maputo, les entrepreneurs actuels et potentiels échangent et partagent des plans de construction et des modèles physiques et virtuels de maisons qu’ils projettent de construire un jour. Considérés par les résidents comme des biens sociaux et matériels de valeur, ces plans et modèles offrent également une occasion d’expérimenter de nouvelles formes d’organisation esthétique de la ville. Comparant les transactions en cours et le partage de plans à la circulation mondiale croissante de modèles urbains architecturaux des classes moyennes, l’auteur soutient dans cet article que la capacité de ces plans à passer d’une forme matérielle et d’une modalité à une autre est ce qui leur donne cette puissance esthétique particulière et ce dynamisme.

Resumo

Resumo

Tornou-se um truísmo bem ensaiado que o crescimento das cidades da África Subsaariana é o resultado de uma acumulação de pessoas, coisas e conhecimentos que ocorre na ausência de iniciativas de desenvolvimento centralizadas e sem qualquer coordenação estreitamente orquestrada da vida social. Em tais condições, o argumento vai, as cidades urbanas contentam-se com os recursos disponíveis, enquanto as cidades cada vez mais caóticas se expandem para além das suas capacidades sociais e materiais. A questão é, contudo, se os sistemas de gestão urbana, quer fracos - ou mesmo ausentes - podem ser levados a significar uma falta de coordenação e planeamento do desenvolvimento urbano. Não seria o caso, por exemplo, que as cidades se organizem e se modelizem por outros meios que não os proporcionados pelos esquemas formais de planeamento urbano? Com base em dados etnográficos de Maputo, Moçambique, este artigo explora as formas materiais variáveis do que é descrito localmente como “plantas de gavetas de quarto de dormir” como um tipo de modelação urbana extremamente potente. Os actuais e futuros construtores de casas em Maputo trocam e partilham plantas e modelos físicos e virtuais de casas que planeiam eventualmente construir. Considerados pelos residentes como bens sociais e materiais valiosos, tais plantas e modelos oferecem também uma oportunidade para experimentar novas formas de organização estética da cidade. Comparando as transacções em curso e a partilha de plantas de gavetas de quartos com a crescente circulação global de modelos urbanos arquitectónicos de classe média, neste artigo defendo que é a capacidade dos primeiros de se moverem entre diferentes formas e modalidades materiais que lhes confere a sua particular potência estética e dinamismo.

Type
Planning and regulating uncertainty
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the International African Institute

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