Index

doi:10.1017/9781009519663.023

Index

access and benefit-sharing, 8, 165, 168, 170, 174, 184, 367–368

accountability, 108, 116, 168, 173, 200, 210, 221, 224, 226, 319, 322, 324–325, 374

adaptation strategies, 100, 113

Amazigh communities, 111, 116–117, 120–122

Arab Declaration on Environment and Development and Future Prospects, 12, 195

Association of Environmental Law Lecturers in African Universities (ASSELLAU), 50

Association of Environmental Law Lecturers in Middle East and North African Universities (ASSELLMU), 50, 340, 373

biodiversity

Aichi Biodiversity Targets, 32–34, 40, 42, 46, 114, 166, 168, 171, 173, 182–183, 255, 347, 363

Convention on Biological Diversity, 3, 8–11, 22–23, 28, 32–34, 37–44, 46–47, 49, 66, 72–73, 98, 113, 119, 127, 135–136, 148, 166, 168–169, 171–172, 174–175, 180, 187, 194, 217, 232–233, 244–245, 247, 251, 255, 279, 292, 299–300, 302, 320–321, 326–327, 330, 347, 352, 363–364

Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, xvii, 17, 40–44, 47, 136, 139, 142, 172, 186–187, 194, 207, 255, 374

marine and coastal, 29, 49, 255–257, 280, 288

marine protected areas (MPAs), 61, 198, 250, 255, 258, 262, 264, 266

Nagoya Protocol, 28, 135, 168–182, 255, 326, 328, 352

One Health framework, 145–164

Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity (SPA/BD), 29

Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance (SPAMI), 256

treaties, 10–11, 16, 26, 32, 71, 135–138, 142, 227–230, 234, 240, 244, 256

Brundtland Report, 24

coherence, xx, 9, 20, 40, 55–56, 80, 146, 362, 364, 369, 377

cross-sectoral integration, 155, 362

command-and-control (CAC) approach, 328, 337, 367

Conference of the parties, 32–34, 41–44, 46–47, 136, 169, 172, 321, 330, 363

corruption, 103, 211

Council of Arab Ministers Responsible for the Environment (CAMRE), 6

COVID-19 pandemic, xix, 5, 22, 145–146, 152–153, 159–160, 207–208, 278, 331, 350, 357–358, 364

crowdfunding, 370

cultural heritage, 6–7, 71, 257, 290, 373

desalination, 58, 92

desertification, 27, 54, 72, 74, 91, 95, 119–120, 133, 280, 309–310, 316, 321, 338

development, xix, xxi, 3–4, 6, 9, 12, 16–17, 21–24, 28, 40, 48, 52, 58, 60, 62, 67, 70, 72–73, 77–78, 80, 93, 95–96, 98, 100, 103, 110–111, 113–116, 119–122, 124, 128, 134, 139, 141, 150, 166, 176, 184, 187–189, 194–195, 197, 199–201, 206, 208–209, 211, 213–214, 216–217, 229, 235, 245, 248, 255–256, 259, 261–262, 273, 277, 279–280, 288, 292, 301, 303–304, 318–323, 327, 329–330, 333, 341–343, 345, 351, 358, 361, 363–364, 371–373

development finance institutions, 214

digitalization, 41, 43, 47, 172, 175, 290, 314

disease, 145–146, 153, 159, 162

drought, 27, 53, 57, 73, 91, 126, 228, 309–310, 316, 321

due diligence, 19, 123, 232, 235, 334, 374–377

ecosystem approach, 227–229, 232–233, 235–236, 238, 240–241, 244, 246–248, 250, 258

Education for Sustainable Development, 341–342, 373

environmental impact assessment, 31, 72, 101, 197, 235, 297, 299, 301–302, 311, 320, 366, 375

faith-based frameworks, 17, 209

fisheries, 36, 39, 66, 138, 252–255, 258–275, 305, 347, 363

food insecurity, 339

foreign investors, 324

forest conservation, 65, 73

forest management, 18, 65, 67–69, 71–72, 74, 76, 85, 141

Forests, Ministry of, 273

free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC), 44, 117, 125

gender, xx, 7, 19, 33, 37, 41–42, 126–130, 132–137, 139–144, 153, 157, 327, 362, 364, 375

governance, xx, 7, 9, 19, 24, 36, 48–49, 51, 53–56, 58–63, 74, 78, 98, 101, 105, 114, 116, 118, 120, 124–125, 130, 133, 162, 169, 186, 189, 194, 196, 198–202, 204–205, 209, 211, 218–221, 223–225, 246, 258, 269, 271, 275–276, 279, 286, 289, 319–320, 333, 343, 358, 362, 365–366, 370, 377

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), xxi, 5, 31–32, 176, 214, 223

Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi (GAP), 297–298, 303–305, 308–309, 312–314

Hirmand River, 229, 238, 240–241, 243, 248

human rights, 5, 8, 18–19, 45–46, 111–112, 115–117, 119–125, 140–141, 156, 167, 204, 299, 318–320, 328–330, 334, 337, 359, 362–364, 369, 374–376

human rights impact assessment, 299, 375

human rights-based approach (HRBA), 45, 112, 115, 120, 123, 125, 318, 334

International Court of Justice (ICJ), 9–10, 24, 237, 283, 299, 301

International Law Commission (ILC), 17, 233, 235

International Trade, 10–11, 15, 25, 66, 137, 168, 352

land rights, xx, 19, 110, 115–118, 121, 123, 125, 133, 362, 375

nature-based solutions, xx, 9, 18, 20, 42, 47, 110–118, 123–125, 127, 132, 187–188, 193, 200–203, 205, 207, 213, 317, 326, 331, 336, 364–365, 370, 377

nondiscrimination, 116, 318

payment for ecoystem services (PES), 20, 371

pollution, xvii, xix, 3, 6, 10, 13, 15–16, 22, 28, 30–31, 39, 42, 47, 84, 110, 120, 166, 194, 198, 206, 212, 228, 231, 235, 257, 310

Shura Council, 13, 199

small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), 186, 191, 196, 198, 200, 204, 218

substantive legal effectiveness (SLE), 147, 154, 160, 164

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), xix, 4, 9, 22–23, 58, 70, 113–114, 150, 166, 187, 189, 216–217, 220, 229, 279–280, 319–320, 327, 355, 372

Sustainable Development, Agenda for, xix, 4, 22, 24, 70, 150, 209, 279–280, 288, 292–293, 319, 327, 373

Tigris and Euphrates basin, 297–299, 302, 304

transparency, 7, 80, 108, 168, 170, 173, 176, 179–180, 183, 201, 209, 219, 221, 224, 321–322, 324–325, 362, 374

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), xix, xxi, 8, 11, 24, 27, 43, 47, 58, 71, 104, 238–239, 257, 276–278, 280–288, 290–292, 306, 341–342, 355, 363

water scarcity, 53, 56, 91, 316

wetland biodiversity, 229

wetlands, 10–11, 26, 54, 60–61, 71, 149, 168, 227–230, 238–240, 244, 247–248, 256, 282, 306, 352

wetlands, Hamun, 227–229, 238–241, 244, 247–249

World Trade Organization (WTO), xxi

zoonotic diseases, xix, 5, 22, 145, 148, 159, 163, 364

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