Diplomatic and consular intercourse and privileges — Right of other persons to privileges and immunities — Officials of international tribunals — Member of international bureau of Permanent Court of Arbitration — Exemption from municipal taxation — Scope of exemption — Whether exempt income may be taken into account in assessing rate of taxation on other sources of income — The law of the Netherlands

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of — Constitutional limitations — Netherlands Constitution, Article 66 — Judicial review of municipal legislation for compatibility with international law — Whether limited to self-executing provisions of treaties — The law of the Netherlands

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Judicial review of municipal legislation — Power of municipal courts to review legislation for compatibility with international law Whether confined to determining compatibility with treaty provisions — Netherlands Constitution, Article 66 — International officials — Taxation — Whether rule of customary law forbidding taxation of salary received from Permanent Court of Arbitration — The law of the Netherlands

International law in general — International Comity — Public policy — Liability for road accident — Foreign judgment establishing civil liability — Whether such judgment should be recognized by municipal courts — Liability based on finding of guilt in criminal proceedings where defendant not given possibility to defend himself — Whether recognition contrary to Dutch public policy — Analogy with default judgments under the Netherlands-Italy Treaty regarding Recognition and Enforcement of Judicial Decisions, 1959 — The law of the Netherlands

States as international persons — In general — Sovereignty and independence — Conclusiveness of statements of the Executive Recognition of foreign State — Executive certificate — Consequences of non-recognition — Whether English courts can recognize and give effect to laws of unrecognized State — Turkish Federated State of Cyprus-The law of England

States as international persons — Recognition — Of governments — Consequences of non-recognition — Application of laws of government of country not recognized by forum — Turkish Federated State of Cyprus — Whether new administration in effective control — The law of England

States as international persons — Recognition — Of governments — Consequences of non-recognition — Application of laws of government of country not recognized by forum — Turkish Federated State of Cyprus — Whether new administration in effective control — The law of England

States as international persons — State succession — Succession to rights — Algerian accession to independence — Declaration of Principles concerning Economic and Financial Co-operation 1962, Article 18 — Social security funds — Preferential claim for unpaid contributions in Company winding-up proceedings, given by legislation applicable prior to independence — Winding-up proceedings in France — Whether new Algerian social security fund succeeds to preferential right of predecessor organization — Distinction between debts accruing before and after the date of independence — The law of France

States as international persons — State succession — Pensions — Algerian accession to independence — Governmental Declaration on Economic and Financial Co-operation of 19 March 1962, Article 15 — Whether applicable to non-accrued pension rights at date of accession to independence — The law of France

The individual in international law — Extradition — Procedure — Division of competence over extradition requests under municipal law — Procedure providing for judicial ruling on legality of request followed by ministerial ruling on the merits of the requests — Whether contrary to Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951, Articles 32 and 33 — The law of the Netherlands

Treaties — Termination — By operation of law — Extinction of contracting Party — State succession — Serbia — Netherlands Extradition Treaty, 1896 — Whether applicable to relations between the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Netherlands — State practice as evidence of the continued validity of treaties — The law of the Netherlands

States as international persons — State succession — International conventions — State practice as evidence of the continued validity of treaties — Serbia-Netherlands Extradition Treaty, 1896 — Whether applicable in relations between the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Netherlands — The individual in international law — Extradition — Refugees — Whether extradition contrary to Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees, 1951 — The law of the Netherlands

States as international persons — State succession — International conventions — United Kingdom-United States Extradition Treaty, 1931 made applicable to Colony of Jamaica — Whether continued as part of laws of Jamaica after independence — ‘Clean slate’ theory — Application of — Whether a customary rule of international law — Conduct of parties concerned — Jamaican Constitution 1962 — The law of Jamaica

The individual in international law — Extradition — Extraditable crimes — Enumerative method of characterization — Conspiracy to commit crime — Whether separate from attempt — Extradition Act 1870 — The law of Jamaica

Treaties — Termination of — By operation of law — In general — United Kingdom-United States Extradition Treaty, 1931 made applicable to Jamaican colony — Whether continued as part of laws of Jamaica after independence — ‘Clean slate’ theory — Application of — Whether predecessor States’ treaties can ever be revived Express agreement or conduct — The law ofJamaica

States as international persons — State succession — In matters of extradition — United Kingdom-United States Extradition Treaty, 1931 made applicable to Colony of Jamaica — Whether continued as part of laws of Jamaica after independence — ‘Clean slate’ theory — Application of — Whether a customary rule of international law — Incorporation into municipal law — Whether contrary to statutes — Jamaican Constitution 1962 — Conduct of parties concerned — Extraditable crimes — Enumerative method of characterization — Conspiracy to commit crime — Whether separate from attempt — Extradition Act 1870 — The law of Jamaica

States as international persons — In general — Sovereignty and independence — In foreign relations — Doctrine of act of State — Whether applicable in case of claim of aboriginal title — The law of Canada

State territory — In general — Nature of territorial sovereignty — Acquisition of territorial sovereignty — Conquest and annexation — Loss of territorial sovereignty — Title — Mode of acquiring title and territorial sovereignty — Legislation — Effect and evidentiary value of — Whether Proclamation and Ordinances of foreign State enough to extinguish title — Aboriginal title of Indians in Canada — Whether and how extinguished by Crown — Use of maps in territorial disputes — Jurisdiction of Canadian courts to declare claim of title against Crown — The law of Canada

State territory — In general — Acquisition of territorial sovereignty — Conquest and annexation — Acquisition of Australia in 1780-1788 — Terra nullius — Whether occupation or conquest — Rights of aboriginal people in land under international law — The law of Australia

State territory — In general — Acquisition of territorial sovereignty — Occupation — Discovery — Acquisition of Australia in 1770–1788 — Terra nullius — Whether occupation or conquest — Validity and legal effects — Act of State — Whether aboriginal people had rights in land under international or Australian law — Procedure — The law of Australia

State territory — Parts of — Rivers — International rivers — Navigable waterways — Whether riparian States have obligation towards users to keep the River Scheldt free from obstacles — Treaty of London, 1839 — Separation of territories of Belgium and the Netherlands — The law of the Netherlands

State territory — Parts of — Rivers — International rivers — Functions and competence of international commissions on international rivers — Capacity of International Commission to sue and be sued — Relevance of powers and functions of the Commission — International Joint Commission on St Lawrence River — Canada-United States International Boundary Waters Treaty, 1909 — International Boundary Waters Treaty Act — The law of Canada

Jurisdictio — In general — Territorial — Fisheries — Declared fishing zone — Whether required to be marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by coastal State — Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, 1958 — The law of Australia

State territory — Parts of — Territorial waters — Breadth and delimitation of the maritime belt — Base lines — Base lines of declared fishing zone — Whether required to be marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by coastal State — Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, 1958, Article 3 — Base lines in the absence of a chart — Sea and Submerged Lands Act 1973 — The law of Australia

State territory — Parts of — Territorial waters — Innocent passage — Foreign ships — Arrest for alleged possession of narcotic drugs — Whether a breach of principle of innocent passage — Exceptions thereto — Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, 1958 — Article 19 — Territorial Sea Act 1971 — The law of Jamaica

State territory — Parts of — Boundaries — Land boundaries — Dispute over ownership of lands covered by straits surrounding Vancouver Island — Boundaries of Colony of British Columbia — Imperial Act of 1866 on Union of Colony of Vancouver Island with Colony of British Columbia — Whether term 'territories' referred to lands only — The law of Canada

State territory — Parts of — Straits — Dispute over ownership of lands covered by straits surrounding Vancouver Island — Whether property of Queen in right of Province of British Columbia — Boundaries of Colony of British Columbia — Imperial Act of 1866 on Union of Colony of Vancouver Island with Colony of British Columbia — Whether term ‘territories’ referred to lands only — Whether waters of straits internal waters — In Re Offshore Mineral Rights — The law of Canada

International law in general — Sources — UNESCO deliberations — Convention adopted for the protection of the cultural heritage of peoples — Extent to which they demonstrate consensus in international community for the purposes of determining internationalpublic policy — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of — Effect of treaties on third parties — Evidence of consensus in international community for the purposes of determining international public policy — UNESCO Convention for the protection of the cultural heritage of peoples — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Territorial limits of jurisdiction — Foreign legislation prohibiting export of items forming part of cultural heritage — Whether effect to be given to such legislation in forum State — Insurance contract relating to export of such items — Whether void — Public policy — UNESCO Resolutions and Convention regarding protection of cultural heritage of peoples — Effect of Convention on third parties — Evidence of consensus in international community on subject matter — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

States as international persons — In general — Recognition of acts of foreign States and governments — Expropriation without reasonable compensation — Effect of expropriation on assets situated outside expropriating State — Effect on assets situated within expropriating State — Principle of territoriality — Acts of foreign governments involving violations of international law — Whether municipal courts must deny recognition to such acts — Violations of public policy — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

The individual in international law — Aliens — Position of — Respect for property — Expropriation — Lack of reasonable compensation — Action for recovery of assets — Effect of expropriation on assets situated outside expropriating State — Effect on assets situated within expropriating State — Principle of territoriality — Violations of international law — Violations of public policy — Expropriation directed specifically against foreigners — Lack of legal recourse Whether municipal courts must deny recognition to such acts — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Territorial limits of jurisdiction — Expropriation of alien property — Expropriation without reasonable compensation — Action for recovery of assets by “split company” (Spaltgesellschaft) established outside expropriating State as a result of expropriation — Effect of expropriation on assets situated outside expropriating State — Effect on assets situated within expropriating State — Principle of territoriality — Acts of foreign governments involving violations of international law — Whether municipal courts must deny recognition to such acts — Violations of public policy — Expropriation directed specifically against foreigners — Lack of legal recourse — Requirement of close connection between subject matter and forum State — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Over territory in general and persons and property situated therein — Criminal offences — Drugs smuggled by sea from France to Canada — Acquittal in Canada — Whether any separate offence committed within French jurisdiction — Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 — The law of France

International law in general — International comity — Whether a basis for jurisdiction to try persons for offences committed abroad — The law of England

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Territorial limits of jurisdiction — Attempt to obtain property by deception — Acts performed abroad in order to obtain payments from life insurance policies in England — Jurisdiction of English courts — Principle of territoriality — International rules of comity — The law of England

State territory — Parts of — Territorial waters — Jurisdiction in the maritime belt — Offences contrary to Drugs law — Committed on board foreign registered ship — Territorial waters analagous to land — Resident Magistrates law — Territorial Sea Act 1971 Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, 1958 — The law of Jamaica

State territory — Parts of — Territorial waters — Innocent passage — Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone, 1958 — Article 19 — Recognition of the right of innocent passage — Qualification thereto — Liberal construction of qualifications — The law of Jamaica

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Territorial limits of jurisdiction — Criminal law — Summary offences committed within a State's territorial waters — Sovereign legislative power — Whether absolute — Right of innocent passage — Qualifications thereof — Conviction of foreign nationals for offences committed on board a foreign registered ship — Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone, 1958 — Article 19 — The law of Jamaica