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Effectiveness of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition and Subjective Global Assessment for diagnosing malnutrition and predicting wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 April 2024

Zhimin Yuan ,
Chunjie Jiang ,
Guojuan Lao ,
Yan Zhang ,
Chunying Wang ,
Yingying Zhu ,
Chaogang Chen ,
Jianmin Ran ,
Chengzhi Wang  and
Ping Zhu Open the ORCID record for Ping Zhu [Opens in a new window]
Zhimin Yuan
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Chunjie Jiang
Affiliation:
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Guojuan Lao
Affiliation:
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Yan Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenshan Medical Center, Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shanwei, People’s Republic of China
Chunying Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenshan Medical Center, Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shanwei, People’s Republic of China
Yingying Zhu
Affiliation:
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Chaogang Chen
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Jianmin Ran
Affiliation:
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Chengzhi Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Ping Zhu*
Affiliation:
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
*
*Corresponding author: Ping Zhu, email pingzhu@ext.jnu.edu.cn
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Abstract

Malnutrition significantly hampers wound healing processes. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) in diagnosing malnutrition and predicting wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). GLIM criteria were evaluated for sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value, negative predictive value and kappa (κ) against SGA as the reference. Modified Poisson regression model and the DeLong test investigated the association between malnutrition and non-healing ulcers over 6 months. This retrospective cohort study included 398 patients with DFU, with a mean age of 66·3 ± 11·9 years. According to SGA and GLIM criteria, malnutrition rates were 50·8 % and 42·7 %, respectively. GLIM criteria showed a SE of 67·3 % (95 % CI 60·4 %, 73·7 %) and SP of 82·7 % (95 % CI 76·6 %, 87·7 %) in identifying malnutrition, with a positive predictive value of 80·0 % and a negative predictive value of 71·1 % (κ = 0·50) compared with SGA. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that malnutrition, as assessed by SGA, was an independent risk factor for non-healing (relative risk (RR) 1·84, 95 % CI 1·45, 2·34), whereas GLIM criteria were associated with poorer ulcer healing in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 ml/min/1·73m2 (RR: 1·46, 95 % CI 1·10, 1·94). SGA demonstrated a superior area under the receiver’s operating characteristic curve for predicting non-healing compared with GLIM criteria (0·70 (0·65–0·75) v. 0·63 (0·58–0·65), P < 0·01). These findings suggest that both nutritional assessment tools effectively identify patients with DFU at increased risk, with SGA showing superior performance in predicting non-healing ulcers.

Keywords

Global Leadership Initiative on MalnutritionSubjective Global AssessmentNutritional assessmentDiabetesWound healing
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 132 , Issue 1 , 14 July 2024 , pp. 21 - 30
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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Footnotes

†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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