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Assessing Herbicides for Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) Control in Cool-Season Turfgrass
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 April 2025
Abstract
Japanese stiltgrass is one of the most troublesome invasive weed species in the eastern United States. Strategies for Japanese stiltgrass control in managed lawns are limited since most previous research was conducted in forest understories or golf course natural areas. Eight field experiments were conducted in Virginia from 2014 to 2019 to evaluate the response of Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, and Japanese stiltgrass to selective herbicides traditionally marketed for cool-season turfgrass. Only mesotrione-containing treatments transiently injured tall fescue 15 to 25% at 2 wk after treatment (WAT). Fenoxaprop at 35 g ha-1 or higher rates controlled Japanese stiltgrass ≥ 90%, reduced relative cover to <15% compared to nontreated and shoot density to ≤ 6 shoots m-2, respectively, at 8 WAT. Sequential application of topramezone at 3-wk intervals at 27 g ha-1, single application of topramezone at 54 g ha-1 alone or with triclopyr controlled Japanese stiltgrass ≥ 80% and reduced relative weed cover and shoot density to ≤ 22% and < 35 shoots m-2, respectively. Fenoxaprop at 0.25 of the labeled rate for annual grass control in lawns and topramezone-based programs selectively controlled Japanese stiltgrass without injuring tall fescue. Fluazifop at 53 g ha-1 injured Kentucky bluegrass 25% and reduced digitally assessed turf cover by 20% at 4 WAT, but turfgrass recovered by 6 WAT. Reduced rates of fluazifop controlled Japanese stiltgrass 85% and reduced weed shoot density to < 20 shoots m-2 and relative cover to < 20% at 8 WAT. A premix of dicamba, fenoxaprop, and fluroxypyr did not injure Kentucky bluegrass but controlled Japanese stiltgrass ≥ 92% and reduced the relative weed cover and shoot density to ≤ 7% and ≤ 5 shoots m-2, respectively, at 8 WAT. Our research provides herbicide options to practitioners to manage Japanese stiltgrass in Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue lawns.
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- Research Article
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- Creative Commons
- This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
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- © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Weed Science Society of America