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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 December 2022

Edited by
Kari De Pryck  and
Mike Hulme
Kari De Pryck
Affiliation:
Université de Genève
Mike Hulme
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge

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Chapter
Information
A Critical Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , pp. 306 - 320
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

Note:

Material in Figures or Tables is indicated with italic page locators; material in boxes with bold type and references to footnotes carry the suffix ‘n’.

accountability shortcomings, 50, 54, 56–57, 95, 102
accredittion of observers, 89
adaptive learning, 50, 57
Adler, C. E., 81, 164–165, 168
‘affective atmospheres’, 31
afforestation, 153–154, 267
AGGG (Advisory Group on Greenhouse Gases), 15–16
agonistic-antagonistic mode, 171, 176
Agrawala, Shardul, 11, 16, 18, 26, 87, 210
Amazon basin, 220
AMIP (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project), 132
Anderson, Benedict, 258
Anderson, Kevin, 56, 145, 202
AOGCMs (Atmosphere-Ocean coupled General Circulation Models), 128
AR1 to AR6. See assessment report(s)
Arctic. See ICC
Arrhenius, Svante, 14
artificial intelligence, 103, 135
Asayama, Shinichiro, 230, 249, 251, 271n
biography and chapter contribution, xi, 148–155
assessment cycles
full list of reports produced, 40–41
generating calls for reform, 268
assessment process
more focused alternatives, 270
widening the knowledge base, 121
Assessment Reports, IPCC (generally)
acceptance, adoption and approval, 21, 42, 99, 188–194
criticism of, 2, 23
evolving visuals, 235
full list of reports produced, 40–41
neglect of indigenous knowledge, 116
role of models in, 126
scoping meetings, 42, 54, 63, 169, 189
Assessment Report 1 (AR1, FAR, 1990), xxiii
peer review, 184
Assessment Report 2 (AR2, SAR, 1996), xxiii
as SAR, 40
Chapter-8 debate, 1995, 53, 101, 150
climate change as anthropogenic, 102
introduction of SYRs and SPMs, 199
procedural criticism, 24, 102
statistical value of human life, WGIII, 151, 152
Assessment Report 3 (AR3, TAR, 2001), xxiii
as TAR, 40
‘burning embers’ diagram, 197, 200, 236, 238
guidance on uncertainty, 161, 171
‘hockey-stick’ graph, 151, 239
social science coverage, 110
Assessment Report 4 (AR4, 2007)
guidance on uncertainty, 161, 168
Himalayan glaciers error, 24, 53, 102, 150, 220
modelling sea-level rise, 114, 151, 183, 184
Assessment Report 5 (AR5, 2013/14)
Chapter Scientists and, 78
guidance note on communicating uncertainty, 247
IAM community and, 114, 146
mention of DAI, 45
overhaul of scenario framework, 140
speculative NETs criticism, 202
Synthesis Report case study, 195
WGIII contribution, 138, 194
Assessment Report 6 (AR6 2022/23)
changing expectations acknowledged, 4
co-production of visuals, 241
emphasis on integration, 174–175
estimates of maximal sea-level rise, 109
guidance note on communicating risk, 247
scoping meeting, 174
WGI adoption interventions, 165
WGI reference scenarios, 141
attribution studies
global temperature change, 102, 108, 126, 134
individual weather events, 108
audiences
diversifying, 41, 155, 160, 163, 237, 242, 269
primary and secondary, 244
authors
contributing to this book, xi–xvii, 7, 262–263
nations contributing IPCC authors, 64, 220
selection criteria, 21, 61, 63, 69, 265
as volunteers, 26, 172, 269
aviation, Special Report on (1999), 40
AXA Research Fund, 74
‘the Bali Box’ controversy, 231, 232
Barros, Vicente, 187
Barry, A., 170–171, 176
Barry, J., 203
Beardsley, M. C., 249
BECCS (Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage)
claims in SP15, 103, 113, 211, 214
IAMs and, 144, 146
pathways legitimising, 230
peer review and, 103
reliance since AR5, 111, 202, 267
Beck, Silke
on BECCS, 203, 211, 230
biography and chapter contribution, xi, 49–58
key readings, 58, 205, 224, 232, 260
views of, 4, 248
Beck, U. et al., 50
behavioural change, neglect of, 55
bibliometry, 114
Biden Administration, 55
biodiversity loss / protection, 1, 13, 25, 257, 267, 270, See also IPBES
biogeochemical processes, 127, 128, 171
biogeophysical processes, 132
Bjurström, A., 113, 164
black boxes
approved SPMs as, 193
climate models viewed as, 56, 134, 144
IPCC workings, 263
scientific controversy and, 149
BMPC (Brazilian Panel on Climate Change), 221
Board of Trustees, Scholarship Trust Fund, 74
Bolin, Bert, 14–15, 82, 99, 185, 227, 244, 249, 256
book, 3, 87
books about the IPCC, 3
‘boundary making’, 199
‘boundary objects’, 225, 272
as a common language, 229
desirable futures, 230
examples, 137, 146, 225, 231
‘boundary organisations’, 21, 80–81, 86, 148, 201, 272
‘boundary spaces’, 32, 272
‘boundary work’, 3, 103, 154, 183, 201, 205, 272
and anti-boundary work, 170, 176
Boykoff, M. T., 248, 256
Brazil, 219–222, 257
Breakout Groups / rooms, xxiii, 32, 35, 174, 190
Brodbeck, Rino, 31
Broome, John, 110, 190, 193, 195
Brown, H., 27, 35, 38
Brown, M. B., 179
Brown, M. J., 205
Brysse, K., 204
buffer function, WGIII, 17
buildings. See venues
Bureau, IPCC
accreditation of observer organisations, 90
appointment of experts, 21
governments dependence on, 87
and Panel overlap, 83
‘burning embers’ diagram, 197, 200, 236, 238
Bush, GW Administration, 83
‘business-as-usual’ scenarios, 111, 145
calibrated language, 159–160
history of IPCC use, 162, 164
Canada, 7, 29, 122, 153, 174, See also ICC
capacity building, 61–62, 64, 69, 71–72, 267
capitalist domination, 270
carbon cycle, 127, 128, 185, 220, See also biogeochemical processes
carbon dioxide, atmospheric, 14
global distribution, 130
modelling effects of, 130, 227
Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (SR, 2005), 40, See also BECCS
carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies, 57, 103
carbon sinks, 46, 151, 153, 155, 266
carbon trading, 228
Carraro, C., 212–213
Casado, M., 78
Castree, Noel, 57, 204, 211, 216
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity), United Nations, xxiii, 119
CDR (carbon dioxide removal) technologies, 57, 103
Chair, IPCC. See Lee; Pachauri; Watson
‘chaotic debates’, avoiding, 245, 249
Chapter Scientist role, 72, 75–77, 77, 182
Chapter-8 debate, 1995, 53, 101, 150
Charney report, 130
chemical pollution, 4, 267
China, blocking organisations, 90, 257
civic epistemologies
challenging transnational consensus, 93, 181, 201
chapter on, 217–220
defined, 217–218, 272
of India and Brazil, 219–222
of Russia, 223
CLAs (Coordinating Lead Authors)
Chapter Scientists and, 75–77, 77
collaboration across WGs, 174
role, 63
Climate Action Network International, 91
Climate Action Tracker, 213
climate activism, 55, 267
Climate Analytics, 213
climate change
controversies around anthropogenic nature, 24, 102, 126
dangerous levels, 45
neglect of regional aspects, 194, 213, 216, 259, 267
now a political problem, 270
polycentric response to, 270
projections from models, 127
reality established, 256
Special Report on Regional Impacts, 40
viewed as an emergency, 254, 256, 258, 260
climate change adaptation
expert knowledge, 111
separate WG from mitigation, 110
Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and (2012), 41
climate change litigation, 195
climate change mitigation
reflecting Global North interests, 221
research dependent on IPCC, 112–113
salience post-Paris, 201
separate WG from adaptation, 110
Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and (2011), 41
climate contrarians, 92, 160, 264, 268, See also climate sceptics
climate emergency, imaginary of, 254, 256, 258, 260
climate events, low-probability, high-risk, 164, 204, See also extreme weather
climate forcers, Methodological Report, 41, 42
Climate Interactive, 213
‘climate justice’, 193
climate models, 126–135, See also MIPs
atmosphere-ocean coupled models, 128, 133, 135
atmospheric circulation models, 127
boundary objects and, 227
centrality within IPCC, 130, 134
climate sensitivity and, 227
influence of IPCC, 112
machine-learning alternatives, 135
types of model, 128, 135, 139
used in each assessment cycle, 137
climate neutrality, 254, 258, 260
climate research. See climate science; research
Climate Risk and Sustainable Solutions, meeting on Integrating Science across the IPCC, 174
climate sceptics, 92, 95, 127, 131, 134, 150, 249, 251, 254, See also climate contrarians
climate science
after World War II, 14
conceived globally, 130
global fact base, 254
IPCC influence on research, 111, 135
neglect of Indigenous knowledge, 117
climate sensitivity
as a boundary object, 226–229, 232
Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS), 226
IPCC consensus around, 186
IPCC definition, 227
models and, 131
uncertainties, 131
climate solutions space, signifcant omissions, 56
‘Climategate’ controversy, 2009, 24, 54, 102, 149–150, 224, 267
closure, of the review process, 102, 149, 155, 171, 193, 219
CMIP (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project), 127, 133, 135
‘code red’ assessments, 254, 270
Cointe, Béatrice, xi, 114, 137–146
Collins, Harry, 180
communalism in science, 98
communication
appropriation, 248
criticisms of IPCC approach, 247, 250
IPCC strategy, 246
reciprocal approach, 248
through reports, 244–251
using visuals, 234–243
Communications Action Team, 246
complexity of the IPCC, 263, 269
computer simulations. See climate models
Conference on the Human Environment (UN, 1972), 15
Conferences of the Parties (COP). See UNFCCC
confidence scale, 159, 162
confidence statements and uncertainty, 161, 165
conflict resolution, 266
conflict uncertainty, 161
conflicts of interest, 2, 20, 24–25, 93, 114
Conflict of interest policy, 26
consensus
arguments against, 184, 204, 247
arguments in favour, 183
building through meetings, 35, 37
consensus seeking by IPCC, 178, 182–183, 251
and epistemic authority, 181
scientific, 13, 178, 180–182
singular and plural views, 191
constitution
IPCC, 22
Working Groups, 19
‘constitutional moments’, 50, 53, 57
contact groups, 32, 85, 193
controversiality of knowledge, 191
controversies
accounting for forest sinks, 153
AR2 Chapter-8 debate, 1995, 53, 101, 150
‘the Bali Box’, 231, 232
‘burning embers’ diagram, 197, 200, 238
causes as political, 154, 266
‘Climategate’, 24, 54, 102, 149–150, 224, 267
defined, 149
ensuring the reflection of, 24
errors in AR4, 24, 53, 102, 267
and IPCC consensus, 183
knowledge / scientific controversies, 148, 202, 264
ontological controversies, 154, 231
political, absorbed by IPCC, 151
political, triggered by IPCC, 151
12 year deadline, 244, 248, 249
types affecting IPCC, 148–151
‘convening power’, of IPCC and UNEP, 29
co-productions
between authors and users, 234
and boundary objects, 226
co-production of IPCC reports, 264
defined, 254, 272
of knowledge with IK systems, 120, 123
science-driven or policy-driven, 112
2 °C target as, 230
of visuals, 241
COPs (Conferences of the Parties). See UNFCCC
Corbera, E., 62, 64, 66, 70, 82, 85, 143
cosmopolitan climate expertise, 223–224
cosmopolitan knowledge, 218, 224, 251, 272
costs of travel, 37
COVID-19 pandemic, 28, 37, 38, 257
Craggs, R., 27, 32, 38
credibility of IPCC
diversity and, 68
NGO involvement and, 93
procedures and, 20, 33
varying from country to country, 218
‘cross-cutting aspects / issues / themes’, 42, 53, 171
cultural relativism, 184
Cuomo Foundation, 74
DAI (Dangerous Anthropogenic Interference), xxiii, 199, 229–230
dangerous anthropogenic objects, 231
data representation. See visuals
De Pryck, Kari, xi, 65, 81, 101, 165, 170, 246
chapters by, 1–8, 27, 148–155, 187–195, 262–271
in key readings, 176, 195
de Wit, S., 248
deadline, 12 year, 244, 248, 249, 251
decarbonisation, 203, 255
decision-making in Latin America, 222
decision-makers’ needs, 55, 114, 132, 239
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UN), 118
deforestation, 220–221
‘deliberative mini-publics’, 94
democracy, 94, 179, 205, 222, 259, 268
desertification, 4, 267
developed and developing nations
alternative terminology, 6, 70n
asymmetries and chairmanship, 83
climate change as an emergency, 256
climate model development, 128
equitable effort-sharing, 231
human life valuation in, 152
intergovernmental comprisons, 85
intergovernmental relations, 82
joint TSU chairs, 29
developing nations
dissatisfaction with the AR1 report, 199
participation, 87
support for representatives, 76, 82
dialogue, in policy advice, 250–251
Structured Expert Dialogue, 45, 193
disciplines, academic
feedback loops with IPCC, 107, 113, 266
interdisciplinary conversations / work, 169–170, 176
positivist and interpretative, 114
power asymmetries among, 265
relevance of this book, 5
support for consensus, 251
dissent / dissensus, 168, 179, 184–185, 193
diversity, 59, See also gender balance
among thematic bridges, 176
of audiences for IPCC reports, 242
avoiding box ticking, 68, 70
importance and value, 66
through participation of NGOs, 88, 92
Dorough, Dalee Sambo, xii, 116–124
Doyle, J., 237
Dubash, Navroz K., xii, xviii–xx, 177
Dudman, K., 248
Dupuy, Jean-Paul, 159
Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB), 166
economic growth
assumptions, 141, 203, 248
decoupling from energy demand, 214
and technological solutions, 56, 145
economics
dominance among social sciences, 110, 203
dominance, with science, 113
post-carbon economy / future, 255, 259
valuation of future damage, 251
valuation of human life, 152
ECRs (Early Career Researchers), 6, 7, 71–78, 265, See also Chapter Scientist role; Scholarship Programme
benefits of involving, 73, 76, 78
defined, 72
ECS (Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity), 226
Edenhofer, Ottmar, 55, 202, 205, 211
Edmonds, Jae, 143
Edwards, Paul N., 53, 92, 102, 127, 130–131, 135, 150, 182, 255
biography and chapter contribution, xii, 96–104
eLAMs (electronic Lead Author Meetings), 37, 38
electrical utilities, 214, 259
Elzinga, A., 182
email leak, University of East Anglia. See Climategate
EMIC (Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity), 128
‘emission equivalents’, 226
emission scenarios
as ‘boundary objects’, 137
in each assessment cycle, 139
evaluation, 1995, 140
IPCC role as catalyst, 138, 140
RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways), 139, 141, 144, 145
emissions inventories. See NDCs
emulators, 128
energy transitions, 165, 214, 259
English language standard, 35, 103
environmental assessments, 12, 17, 44, See also GEAs
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), US, 139
epistemic authority / legitimacy, 62, 154, 178–179, 215, 245, 251
‘epistemic chaos’, 153
epistemic community model, 80, 87, 180, 273
epistemic consensus / disagreements, 150, 179, 181
epistemic geographies, 222
epistemic pluralism, 151, 180
‘epistemic selectivity’, 194
epistemic sovereignty, 219, 222–223
‘epistemic things’, 228, 230, 273
epistemic uncertainty, 160, 183
epistemological hierarchies, 108, 108, 110, 114, 265
equitable effort-sharing, 231
equitable engagement with IK systems, 119–123
errors
in AR4, 24, 53, 102, 220, 267
factual, and knowledge controversies, 150
on the side of least drama, 204
ESMs (Earth System Models), 128, 128
‘human systems’ and, 135
ethical engagement with IK systems, 119–123
ethical uncertainty, 161
ethics and the valuation of human life, 152, 154
European Union
adoption of 2 °C target, 229
Green New Deal, 55
supporting a climate-neutral future, 254
experience, prior, with IPCC, 63
Expert Meetings
Assessing Climate Information for Regions, 2018, 175
on Communication, 2016, 241
expert review stage, 99, 121
expertise
call for cosmopolitan knowledge, 218, 224, 251, 272
evaluation, 50, 63
non-peer reviewed, 113, 116
experts. See also authors; Lead Authors
disciplinary backgrounds, 6, 107
expert elicitation, 186, 273
‘fast-track procedures’, 25
NGO nomination, 91, 93
in peer review, 97
private sector and civil society, 92
selection criteria, 14, 21, 63, 97
Extinction Rebellion, 249
extreme weather events
attribution studies, 108, 134
images, 241
Special Report on Managing the Risks of (2012), 41, 177n
Ezrahi, Yaron, 259
‘facts’, scientifc and diplomatic, 188
FAQs (frequently asked questions), 237
FAR. See Assessment Report 1
‘fast-track procedures’, 25
feedback loops
academic disciplines with IPCC, 107, 113
research institutions with IPCC, 266
FGD (Final Government Distribution), xxiii, 101
Field, Chris B., 183, 187
Final Government Distribution (FGD), 101
financial support
ECRs from developing nations, 75
IPCC from member governments, 80
IPCC influence on research funding, 111
Fløttum, K. et al., 172, 241
flux adjustments, 131, 135
focal points. See national focal points
FODs (First Order Drafts), 42, 99, 103
Fogel, C., 42, 44, 81, 153, 194
forest sinks. See carbon sinks
fossil fuel industry, 210, 254. See also oil
fossil fuels, xiii, xx, 153, 189, 253, 254, 259, 265
framework conventions. See also UNFCCC
on tobacco and emerging diseases, 257
framing of climate change
approval process and, 194, 199
global framing, 70, 245, 254, 258
as a model, 257, 263
as model-based, 146, 265
‘Northern’ framing, 220, 222
for public and media, 243
as science and economics-based, 86, 131, 248
Franz, W. E., 92–93, 95, 194
Fridays for Future movement, 55
Friends World Committee for Consultation, 91
Fry, I., 153
functionalist approach to participation, 92
funding. See financial support
futures research, 111, 138, 230
Garard, J., 89, 94–95
GARP (Global Atmospheric Research Programme), 15
gatekeeping function of peer review, 98
Gay-Antaki, Miriam, 64, 69–70
GCMs (General Circulation Models), 127, 128, 132, 135
GCMs (Global Climate Models), 14, 128, 138, 146, 147n
GEAs (global environmental assessments)
call for openly political GEAs, 204, 216
diversity in, 70
intergovernmental model, 80, 267
other than IPCC, 1, 13, 267
solutions-oriented assessments, 202, 211
stakeholder role, 88, 94
Geden, Oliver, 202, 251
gender balance, 21, 61, 63
Gender Task Force, IPCC, 69
generative events, 149, 154, 273
Geneva, 28, 31, 152, 172
GEO (Global Environment Outlook), 2
geoengineering technologies, 114, 174
geographical bias, 73, See also Global North and South
Germany, 55, 85, 90, 166, 200, 222, 224
preference for consensus, 219
GHG (greenhouse gases)
emissions by country-income groups, 194
evolution scenarios, 137
Global Warming Potentials and, 228
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 29, 40
social costs of emissions, 131
supporting reduction, 253, 258
Gieryn, T. F., 28, 32, 38, 154, 201, 272–273
Gilbert, M., 180
glacier melting, AR4 error, 24, 53, 150, 220, See also ice sheet melting
Global Climate Coalition (GCC), 24, 92, 95
Global Environmental Outlook (UNEP), 95, 195
global framing of climate change, 70, 245
‘global health risks’, 257
‘global kinds of knowledge’, 3, 5, 131, 255
Global North and South
developed and developing nations and, 6, 70n, 199
distribution of knowledge production, 265
Global North bias
author selection, 7, 69, 73
hosting meetings, 29, 38
NGO dominance, 94
global social order, 215, 260
Global South. See also Brazil; India
public participation in science, 218
underrepresentation, 62, 64, 218, 268
Global Stocktake, 174, 213, 268
Global Warming Policy Foundation, 251
global warming potential (GWP), 131, 228
globalisation of knowledge-making, 255–256
Goeminne, G., 182
governments. See member governments
Green New Deal (EU), 55
greenhouse effect, 14, 256, See also GHG
greenhouse gas indices, 110
greenhouse gases. See GHG
Greenpeace, 92
‘grey literature’, 24, 98, 116
Griesemer, J. R., 226, 229, 272
The Guardian newspaper, 83, 249
guidance notes
on communicating risk, 247
on communicating uncertainties, 163, 168, 171
Guidelines on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 40
Guillemot, Hélène, xii, 128–136, 230
Gustafsson, Karin M., xii, 71–78, 81
Guston, D. H., 81, 181, 184, 272
Guterrez, A., 254
Haas, Peter M., 12, 17, 43, 180, 194, 211, 273
handshakes, 175, See also integration
Hansson, A., 103
Harold, Jordan, xiii, 234–243
Hartz, Friederike, xiii, 27
Havstad, J. C., 198, 205
Hermansen, E. A. T., 189, 212–213, 216, 232
Heymann, Matthias, 132
Himalayan glaciers, AR4 error, 24, 53, 150, 220
Hirsch Hadorn, G., 81, 164, 168
A History of the Science and Politics of Climate Change: The Role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, by Bolin, 3, 87
‘hockey-stick’ graph, AR3, 151, 239
Ho-Lem, C, 64, 73, 82, 87, 255
Hoppe, I., 247, 251
Hoppe, R., 71, 81
Houghton, Sir John, 102, 178, 184, 188
Hughes, Hannah, xiii, 70, 79–87, 195
Hulme, Mike, xix, 3, 258
biography and chapter contribution, xiii, 1–8, 148–155, 178–186, 262–271
key readings, 26, 186, 251
human life, valuation, 151, 152
human rights law, 123
humanities, engagement with the IPCC, 3, 110, 113, 170, 176
hybrid events, 38
hybrid organisations, IPCC as, 50, 199
IAC (InterAcademy Council) review of IPCC procedures, 2010, 24, 26, 50, 54, 57, 102–103, 150, 161, 172, 250
IAM (Integrated Assessment Model(ling)), 127
debated influence, 55, 144, 161
and IPCC WGs, 113
producing scenarios, 137
prominence and shortcomings, 137, 144, 203
publications and the IPCC report cycle, 114, 143, 146
transparency, 56, 144
IAMC (Integrated Assessment Modelling Consortium), 140, 143–144
ICC (Inuit Circumpolar Council), xii, xxiv, 116, 118, 120–122
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, 120
synthesis report, 124
ice sheet / icecap melting, 109, 164, 183, 185, See also glacier metling
ICSU (International Council for Science, previously International Council of Scientific Unions), 15
IGY (International Geophysical Year, 1957–58), 14
IIASA (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis), 139, 144, 147n
IIPFCC (International Indigenous Peoples Forum on Climate Change), xxiv, 119, 124
IISD (International Institute for Sustainable Development), xxiv
IMAGE (Integrated Model for Assessing the Greenhouse Effect), xxiv, 139, 143
Imagined Communities, by Benedict Anderson, 258
Imagined Democracies, by Yaron Ezrahi, 259
INC (Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee), 11, 17, 43, 199
incommensurability, 171, 176, 263
‘inconvenient truths’, 270
India, 24, 64, 166, 219–222
Indigenous knowledge (IK), 116–124
equitable and ethical engagement, 119–123
expert review stage, 121
Indigenous knowledge holders, 92
key readings on, 124
limits to integration, 171, 176
neglect by assessment process, 116, 120, 151, 265, 268
possible definition, 118
Indigenous Peoples (IP)
incommensurable forms of knowledge, 176
indigenous academics, 124
land stewardship, 117
self organisation and rights, 123
UNPFII (UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues), xxv, 124
inequalities, and acceptance of IPCC reports, 135, 223
influence of the IPCC, 3, 84, 232
integration of risk management, 169–176
integration, interdisciplinary. See also thematic bridges
emphasis in AR6, 169, 174, 176
previously lacking, 110
risk assessment framework, 175
integrative-synthesis mode, 170, 175
Interactive Atlas, 2021, 175, 237
interdisciplinarity, 110, 170, 176
intergovernmental cooperation, 14
intergovernmental status
constraining IPCC development, 270
distinction from international, 13, 16
government involvement, 11, 79–82
as non-prescriptive, 68
promoted by US, 16
International Conference on Climate Risk Management, 2017, 174
international institutions, 35, See also IPBES; UNEP; UNFCCC; WMO
Internet
access and participation, 37
pre-print servers, 97
scenarios published, 140
interventions
number and length in plenary sessions, 85
by observer organisations, 90
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, 120, 124
IP. See Indigenous Peoples
IP caucus. See IIPFCC
IPBES (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services)
comparisons with IPCC, 25, 68, 94, 191, 195, 260, 267
comparisons with IPCC, 257
Fellowship programme, 77
as a GEA, 2, 4, 35, 80
joint workshop with IPCC, 270
Rules of procedure for the plenary of the platform, 25
SPM approval process, 191, 195
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
dearth of critical assessments, 3
intergovernmental status, 11, 16
as a knowledge institution, 1, 4
major events in history of, 52
as a model, 4
origins, 1, 11, 14–16, 18, 87
‘IPCC space’, 32
‘IPCC studies’, 3, 19, 262
IPOs (Indigenous Peoples’ Organisations), xxiv, 122, See also ICC
‘irreducible vagueness’, 228
IS92 Emission Scenarios, 40, 139, 143, 145
IS92a scenario, 145
IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature), xxiv, 119
Jannat, Raihanatul, 90n
Janzwood, S., 167, 247
Jasanoff, Sheila
coinage of civic epistemology, 201, 218, 221, 272
coinage of co-production, 254, 260, 272
coinage of constitutional moments, 50
coinage of cosmopolitan knowledge, 224, 272
coinage of knowledge ways, 2, 273
key readings, 18, 224, 260
on sociotechnical imaginaries, 258
Jaspal, R., 241
journals, peer review, 96
judgement uncertainty, 160
Keeling, Charles, 14
key findings, 82, 87, 164
knowledge base, current, of IPCC, 116
knowledge claims, 256
knowledge controversies, 148, 155, 202, 264
knowledge co-production. See also co-productions
brought about by IPCC, 254–255, 260
with IK systems, 120–121, 123
knowledge infrastructure
climate science as, 135
of the modelling community, 127
knowledge institutions
cooperation between, 270
defined, 1
knowledge production
distribution between Global North and South, 265
globalisation, 255
influence on public imagination, 257
organising co-production, 255
role of places, 28
knowledge systems, assumptions, 250
‘knowledge ways’, 2, 254, 273
Kowarsch, Martin, 199, 202, 211
key readings, 95, 205
Kuwait, 195
Kyoto Protocol, 44, 153, 155, 194, 210
Lahn, Bård, 193, 201, 230–231
biography and chapter contribution, xiii, 225
key readings, 216, 232
LAMs (Lead Author Meetings), xxiv, 28–31, 77
eLAMs, 37, 38
Land Use report (Special Report on Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry, SRLULUCF, 2000), 40, 44, 46
land use, neglect by IAMs, 111
language
boundary objects as a common language, 229
calibrated language and the IPCC, 160–165
English language standard, 35, 103
of Indigenous Peoples, 118
‘level-of-understanding’ language, 162
non-native English speakers, 35, 62, 64
Latour, Bruno, 28, 184
LCIPP (Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform), xxiv, 124
Lead Authors (LAs)
competition, 72
publishing advantages, 113
reviews of ZODs, 99
role, 63
skills and competencies, 73, 212
time pressure on, 100, 102–103
learning, modes of
adaptive and reflexive, 50
IPCC as a learning organisation, 58, 148, 155
organisational learning, 50
Leclerc, Olivier, xiii, 19–26
Lee, Hoesung, 44
legal status of IPCC procedures, 20
legitimacy of IPCC
different ways of validating, 218, 222
diversity and, 62, 67
NGO participation and, 94
procedures and, 20, 23–26, 33, 195
‘level-of-understanding’ language, 162
Lidskog, Rolf, 43, 64, 70, 73, 80, 188, 210
biography and chapter contribution, xiv, 207
Lindemer, August, xiv, 244–251
linear models
of IPCC influence, 22, 111, 210, 217
of science communication, 247
Linnér, B.-O., 213, 216
literature. See also STS
assessed by IPCC, xiii, 103
non-peer-reviewed, 24, 98, 116
scientific, use of visuals, 235
litigation, 195
Livingston, Jasmine E., 42, 45
biography and chapter contribution, xiv, 39–47
Livingston and Rummukainen, 45, 81, 200, 211, 230
Livingstone, D., 28
Lorenz, S., 239, 243
Lorenzoni, Irene, xiv, 234–243
Lövbrand, E., 135, 153, 155
low or lower-middle income economies, 66, See also developed and developing
Low, S., 113, 144, 146
‘lowest common denominator’ allegation, 54, 182, 188
LTGGs (long-term global goals), 45
Lynn, J., 243
Maas, T. Y., 88, 94, 204
MacDonald, Joanna Petrasek, xv
Mach, K. J., 161, 165, 168, 183, 200
machine-learning, 103, 135
Mahony, Martin, 3–4, 38, 58, 230, 232, 238
biography and chapter contribution, xiv, 197–205
mandate of the IPCC, 1, 20, 39, 55, 89, 103, 205, 213, 267
concerning SP15, 45, 200
omissions, 72, 74, 78, 91
mandate of Working / Task Groups, 29, 54, 174
‘mapmaker’ role / strategy, 49, 55, 143, 202, 205
Marrakesh Accords, 153
Masson-Delmotte, V., 166
Mastrandrea, M. D., 161–162, 164–165, 168
the ‘Matthew effect’, 113
McMahon, R., 239–240, 243
MEA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment), xxiv, 2
media coverage, 240, 242
meetings. See also conferences
defined, 35
frequency, 28
socialising, 35
venues, 27–32, 173
virtual meetings, 27–38, 38
member governments. See also plenary sessions
approval process, 187–195
delegations including indigenous peoples, 122
eligibility and numbers, 79
ownership of endorsed reports, 187
preventing discussion, 189
review of SODs, 100, 189
methodological scepticism, 96, 98
methodology decisions not deemed legitimate, 56
Methodology Reports
full list, 40–41
Overview Section, 42
Miguel, Jean Carlos Hochsprung, xiv, 217–220
Miller, Clark A., 14, 130, 180–181, 245, 251, 271n
biography and chapter contribution, xv, 253–260
key readings, 224, 260
minority reports, 184–186
MIPs (Model Intercomparison Projects), xxiv, 112, 126
AMIPs and CMIPs, 132
modelling, mathematical. See climate models; earth system models; IAM
Monteiro, Marko, 217–220
Morseletto, P., 229
mortality risk, 152
Moss, R. H., 2, 139, 141, 161, 171
multimedia use, 237
multi-model ensembles, 133
nation states and environental governance, 223
national focal points (NFPs), xxiv, 63
as government functions, 83
importance of location, 86
proposing experts, 21, 83
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Guidelines, 40
Task Force (TFI), 29
the national turn, 212–213
NDCs (Nationally Determined Contributions), 44, 189, 201, 212, 269
Nerlich, N., 241
Net Zero Watch, 251
NETs (Negative Emission Technologies), xxiv, 56, 144, 170, 202, 211, 214, 232, See also BECCS
network organisation, IPCC as, 27, 172
‘neutral arbiter’ role, 232
New York City Panel on Climate Change, 270
NGOs (non-governmental organisations), 88–95
ICC as an example, xii
ICSU as an example, 15
initiatives from, 213
nomination of experts, 91, 93
positions on carbon sinks, 153
types of NGO observer, 90
Nightingale, A. J., 170, 248
Nobel Peace Prize, 2007, xiii, 3, 53, 73
Nocke, T., 237
nuclear power, 212, 214
observer organisations, 29, 63, 88–95
categories, 89
NGO types, 90
observer status, 122
ocean and cryosphere, Special Report on (SROCC, 2019), 41, 121–122
ocean circulation models, 128
OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development), 89
oil companies / oil-producing states, 93, 102, 189, 265
O’Neill, B. C. et al., 139, 141, 145, 200, 203, 205
O’Neill, S. J. et al., 81, 111, 114, 240, 251
online meetings, 27
ontological disputes, 151
Oomen, J., 144, 203
Oppenheimer, M., 12, 23, 99, 103, 114, 179, 183, 199, 204
O’Reilly, Jessica, 114, 164, 183, 186
biography and chapter contribution, 159–168
Oreskes, N., 24, 102–103, 114, 130–131, 148, 150, 180, 182, 184, 186
organisational learning, IPCC, 50, 56, 58, 155
outreach initiatives, 29, 100, 193, 237, 244
ozone depletion, 1, 13, 40, 267
Ozone Layer, Special Report on Safeguarding (SROC, 2005), 40
Pachauri, Rajendra, 24, 187, 246
palaeoclimate knowledge, 108, 109, 112
pandemic, COVID-19, 28, 38, 257
Paris Agreement, 2015, 44, See also Global Stocktake; post-Paris
allowing multiplicity of approaches, 269
AR5 WGIII SPM and, 194
the national turn, 212–213
requirement for NETs, 56
Paris Conference (COP21), 2015, 45
participation
by developing countries, 87
distinguished from access, 91, 265
number and length of interventions, 85
in peer review, 97
and perceived legitimacy, 264
reasons for varying levels, 84, 86, 86
by report users, 240, 251
underrepresented groups, 62
participation, public
Global South, in science, 218
Latin America, in decision making, 222
Paterson, Matthew, 70, 73, 80, 85, 112–113, 201
pathways. See also scenarios
as boundary objects, 230
focus of SR15, 212, 214–215
RCPs, 139, 141, 144, 145, 147n
SSPs, 141, 142, 145, 230
PBL (Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency), 143
Pearce, D., 152
Pearce, Warren, 68, 149, 182, 184, 186, 223, 245, 250
biography and chapter contribution, 244–251
Pearman, O., 248, 256
peer review, 96–103
and consensus, 179
ECRs in, 78
gatekeeping function, 98
IPCC’s embracing, 155, 184
limitations, 97
non-peer-reviewed sources, 24, 98, 116
‘performativity’ of forecasts, 202
permafrost, 185
Petersen, Arthur C., 105, 168, 191
Petrasek MacDonald, Joanna, 116–124
philosophers (of science), 110, 132, 159, 179, 195
place, influence of. See venues
placeholder avatars, 66
plenary sessions
analysis of interventions, 85
attendance at first, 82
frequency, 29, 79
locations, 29
and organisational learning, 51
Unesco, 190
virtual, 32
Polar Regions Cross-chapter Paper, 122
policy advice
climate sensitivity and, 226–227, 232
formulation in SR15, 211
whether appropriate, 209, 216
Policy and Process for Admitting Observer Organisations, 20, 92
policy context of reports, 43
‘policy-follower’ states, 223
policy-prescriptiveness
avoiding, 197, 201, 205, 209, 216, 251
government disagreements over, 200
SR15 and, 211
policy-neutral stance of IPCC, 4, 191, 205, 213, 270
policy relevance and, 197, 209
policy relevance, pursuit of, 199, 204, 216
political influence
charges of, 17, 245
as inescapable, 264
a new global politics, 254
process and outcome distinguished, 210
rise of post-truth politics, 58, 257
Polk, M., 113, 164
polycentric climate action, 49, 55, 58, 88, 202, 213, 259
‘possibility space’, 137, 144
post-carbon economy / future, 255, 259
post-Paris context
challenges to IPCC mandate, 56, 216, 267
expectation of solutions, 8, 49, 202, 209, 232, 267
polycentric governance regime, 49, 58, 202, 213
‘post-truth politics’, 58, 257
power asymmetries, 93, 135, 176, 265, 269
Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, 74
Principles governing IPCC work (1998–), 20–21, 63
probability. See also confidence; uncertainties
assessment, 162
low-probablity, high-risk events, 164, 204
probability distributions, 162, 183
procedural irregularities, 120, 150
procedural rules
hampering ethical engagement with IK systems, 120
IPBES, 25
as a model, 25
no guarantee of objectivity, 264
reports review process, 99
as a response to criticism, 23
revisions, 53
status, 20, 263
procedural rules review. See IAC
‘products’ of the IPCC. See also reports
assessment products, 92, 182, 199
key products identified, 254
knowledge products, 81, 86, 243
Protocol for Addressing Possible Errors…, 25
PRSQs (policy-relevant scientific questions), 199
public attitude shifts, 254, 256–257
public health risks from discoveries, 15
public participation. See participation
quality control work, 75–76
radiative forcing
climate sensitivity and, 227, 232n
RCP scenarios and, 141, 142
Special Report on, 40
RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways), 139, 144, 230
RCP2.6, 141, 147n
RCP8.5, 145
‘Reasons for Concern’ framework, 230, 238
reflexive learning / reflexive turn, 50, 55, 58, 250, 260, 268
regional aspects, neglect of, 55, 135, 175, 194, 213, 216, 237, 259
Regional Impacts of Climate Change, Special Report (1997), 40
Regions, Expert Meeting on Assessing Climate Information for, 175
Renewable Energy, Special Report on (2011), 41
reports, IPCC. See also Assessment Reports; Special Reports
acceptance, approval and adoption, 21, 187
accessibility, 241
changing policy context, 43
detachment form their authors, 249
expressing uncertainties, 159
full list for each assessment cycle, 40–41
inclusion of SPMs and TSs, 42
possibility of minority reports, 185–186
production process, 42–43
review process, 96, 99, 99–102
scenarios as ubiquitous, 137
schematic of preparation, 22
scoping meetings, 42, 54, 93, 169, 174, 189
types of consensus statement, 182
types of report, 41
use of calibrated language, 160–165
use of visuals, 243
Representative Concentration Pathways. See RCPs
Rescher, N., 180, 185
research. See also climate research
institutions’ support for IPCC, 266
stimulated by IPCC, 108, 111, 132
Response Strategies Working Group, 138
Review Editors role, 24, 63, 102, 150
review process for reports, 42, 78, 91, 99–102, See also peer review
closure, 149, 155, 171, 193, 219
effects of time pressure, 100
Rheinberger, Hans-Jörg, 228, 273
rights-based approaches, 118
Ripert, Jean, 11
Ripple, W. J., 254
risk management, 169–176
attempts to globalise, 257
guidance note on communicating, 247
integration in AR6, 169
International Conference on Climate Risk Management, 2017, 174
low-probablity, high-risk events, 164, 204
and political culture, 182
risk and nuclear power, 214
risk assessment framework, 175, 205
Robertson, S., 58, 144
Roulet, Jacques, 31
Rowe, Elena, 223
Rudd, Kevin, 179
Rummukainen, M, 45, 81, 200, 211, 230
Russia, xii, 7, 85, 119, 195, 223
SA90 scenario, 139, 145
Sanford, M., 248, 254
Santer, Ben, 102
SAR. See Assessment Report 2
satellites, meteorological use, 15
Saudi Arabia, 85, 102, 166, 194
SBSTA (Subsidiary Body for Science and Technology Advice), 44, 193
scenario matrix, 139, 141, 145
scenarios, 137–146, See also pathways
baseline scenarios, 145
as boundary objects, 146
business-as-usual, 111
IS92 and IS92a, 40, 143, 145
SA90, 139, 145
ubiquity in IPCC reports, 137
Schäfer, S., 113, 144, 146
Schipper, E. L. F., 170–171, 176
Schneider, Stephen H., 53, 82, 92, 102, 150, 155, 161, 171, 182
Scholarship Programme, 72–75, 77
Trust Fund, 73–75
Schulte-Uebbing, L., 78
science. See also climate science
balancing with politics, 20–23, 51
communication model, 245
contrasting framings, 222
dominance in IPCC discussions, 92, 151
epistemic authority, 178
epistemic disagreements, 150
importance of peer review, 96
separation from politics, 12, 17, 264
solutions-focused, for policymakers, 95, 170, 176
usefulness of controversies, 149
Science Board, Scholarship Trust Fund, 74
science-policy contexts / interactions / interfaces. See also boundary objects
consensus-seeking and, 179
decision-making and, 18, 114
defined, 273
diversity and, 66, 89
following the Paris agreement, 56, 210
before IPCC establishment, 12, 14–15
IPCC as model, 4
IPCC strategic goals, 231, 246
member state endorsement and, 195
scientific assessments, 12
scientific form of governance, 53
scientists, expert authors not confined to, 6
SCOPE 29 (Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment), 15
scoping meetings, IPCC reports, 42, 54, 63, 93, 169, 174, 189
sea-level rise (SLR)
extremes excluded, 204
ice cap melting and, 109, 114, 179, 185
influence of modelling, 108, 109, 114
risk management, 165
search for consensus, 179, 183, 184
Secretariat, IPCC, location, 27
SED (Structured Expert Dialogue), 45, 193
Seitz, Frederick, 102
self-censorship, 176, 190
self-fulfilling prophecies, 202
self-interest, national, 84, 198
service-subordination mode, 170, 176
sex ratios. See gender balance
Shackley, S, 2, 112, 131, 135, 182, 186, 228
Shaw, A., 199, 204
Shaw, C., 229
‘ship on the ocean’ metaphor, 266
Siebenhüner, Bernd, 49–58
Silberzhan, R. et al., 184
Skodvin, Tora, 3, 18n, 43, 47n, 81
biography and chapter contribution, 273
small island states, 45, 265
smog, 18n
SOAs. See solution-oriented assessments
social media, 240, 242, 250, 256
social sciences
criticisms of IPCC communications, 247
need for better integration, 216
transformative societal change, 51, 55, 169, 214
social scientists
engagement with the IPCC, 110, 113, 212
IPCC influence on research, 112
studying the IPCC, 2
social-ecological systems theory, 171
societal interest in IPCC communications, 240, 243
societal transformations, 51, 56, 169, 214
socio-cultural regions, 119
socio-economic assumptions, 137, 141, 145
socio-technical controversies / imaginaries / visions, 111, 201, 258, 260
SODs (Second Order Drafts), 42, 100, 103
‘solution space’, 203, 205
solution-oriented assessments (SOAs)
following the Paris agreement, 55, 199, 209
GEAs movement toward, 202, 211
solution-oriented framings, 169, 205, 225, 231
‘solution-oriented’ turn, 8
in environmental assessments, 44, 199
solutions-oriented knowledge / science, 95, 176, 225
SRs (Special Reports, generally), See also individual reports
full list, 40–41
increasing regularity, 199
as venue for integration, 177n
SPM (Summaries for Policymakers)
of AR5 SYN, 45
and controversy, 114, 150
drafting, 99
line-by-line approval, 43, 86, 99, 165, 190–191, 195
minority reports, 182
perceived as binding, 187
visuals in, 235, 242
SR15 (Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 ºC (2018))
co-production of visuals, 241
collaboration between WGs, 177
contribution of Chapter Scientists, 76
production as a case study, 45–46
as solution-oriented, 211
transformative changes, 147n, 213
12 year deadline controversy, 244, 248, 249, 251
US reaction, 195
on viability of BECCS, 103
SRCCL (Special Report on Climate Change and Land (2019)), 41, 241, 248
SRES (Special Report on Emission Scenarios (2000)), 40, 138–140, 139, 145, 147n
SREX (Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (2012)), 41, 177n
SRLULUCF (Special Report on Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (2000)), 40, 44, 46, 151, 154, 154, 266
SROCC (Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (2019)), 41, 78, 121–122, 234
SSP (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway), scenarios, 139, 141–142, 146, 230
stakeholders
access and involvement, 92, 94
input to visuals, 240
role in GEAs, 88, 94
Standring, Adam, 59
Star, S. L., 226, 229, 272
Stirling, A., 180
Structured Expert Dialogue (SED), 45
STS (Science and Technology Studies)
IPCC’s knowledge ways, 2
IPCC’s worldwide consensus, 182
on meeting environments, 28
origins of civic epistemology, 218
perspective on controversies, 149
on the science-policy boundary, 198
studies of GEAs, 2
succession planning, 72
Sundqvist, Göran, 20, 43, 80, 188, 193, 225, 229, 231
biography and chapter contribution, 207
key readings, 216, 232
Sunrise Movement, 249
sustainability / sustainable development, 111, 171, 205, 214, 216, 224, 258
UNEP and, 29
Sustainability, Schools of, 113
Sustainable Solutions, meeting on Integrating Science across the IPCC on Climate Risk and, 174
Swart, R. et al., 161
‘Swiss arrny knife’ metaphor, 268
Switzerland, 29, 31, 85, 152, 172
Synthesis Reports (SYRs)
‘adopted’ status, 43
AR3 Synthesis Report, 237
AR4 Synthesis Report, 179
AR5 Synthesis Report, 45, 193, 195, 238
examples, 40–41, 124
from ICC, 124
introduction after AR2, 42, 199
‘system of meetings’, IPCC as, 27, 32, 35, 38
Tàbara, J. D. et al., 250
Taddei, Renzo Romano, 217–220
Taiwan, Industrial Technology Research Institute, 90
TAR. See Assessment Report 3
targets, global warming. See temperature targets
Task Force Bureau, 20–21, 24
Task Force on Gender, 69
Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI), 29
Task Groups, 25, 91, 94, 172
Technical Papers, IPCC, 47n
technological solutions, preference, 56, 194, 215, 265, 267
techno-optimistic assumptions, 57, 103, 144, 203, 211, 214, 267
temperature control, WMO Building, 32
temperature rise, global
and impacts, 200
visualisation, 235, 235
temperature targets. See also SR15
as boundary objects, 226, 229
favoured above behavioural change, 55
IAM scenarios and, 144
1.5 °C objective, 44
as SR15 solutions, 211
transformations required, 213
2 °C objective, 229–230
terminology used in the book, 6
TFI (Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories), 29
TG-Data (Task Group on Data Support for Climate Change Assessments), xxv, 174
TGICA (Task Group on Data and Scenario Support for Impacts and Climate Analysis), 172
thematic bridges, 124, 172, 174, 176
time-horizon, GWPs, 232
time zones, 37
Touzé-Peiffer, L., 133–134, 135
transformative societal change, 51, 55, 169, 214
transparency
and dissent, 184
and IPCC visuals, 239
NGO participation and, 93, 95
and peer review, 98
perhaps discouraging participation, 26
of scenarios and IAMs, 56, 58, 144
shortcomings identified by the IAC, 54, 57, 102
a ‘travelling village’, IPCC as, 27, 29
‘tribalism’, accusation, 23
Trust Funds
Scholarship Programme Trust Fund, 73–75
supporting developing country representatives, 82
‘truth spots’, 28, 38, 273
TSs (Technical Summaries), xxv, 42–43, 167, 234
TSU (Technical Support Unit, for a Working Group), 172
FOD comment period, 100
hosting, 29, 85
role in author selection, 63, 69
virtual meetings, 37
12 year deadline (SR15), 244, 248, 249, 251
‘UN ecosystem’, Geneva, as, 28
uncertainties
epistemic uncertainty, 160, 183
expressing in IPCC reports, 168, 239
guidance note and concept paper, 163, 168, 171, 247
IAC recommendations on addressing, 24
IPCC workshop on, 161
model and socially-derived uncertainties, 161
scenario and climate response uncertainties, 239, 247
usefulness and misuse, 160, 167
uncertainty calibration. See calibrated language
UNEP (UN Environment Programme)
convening power, of IPCC and, 29
Global Environmental Outlook, 95, 195
origins of the IPCC, 1, 13, 20, 82
SPM approval, 195
‘12 years’ claim, 249
UNFCCC (UN Framework Convention on Climate Change)
COP1 (1995, Berlin), 227
COP6 (2000, The Hague), 153
COP7 (2001, Maarakesh), 153
COP13 (2007, Bali), 231
COP15 (2009, Copenhagen), 179
COP21 (2015, Paris), 249
COP26 (2021, Glasgow), 37, 195, 254
dealing with indigenous peoples, 119
formation, 210
INC as precursor, 43, 199
IPCC reports and, 45, 188–189, 195, 209
and IPCC role, 246, 253
role, 45
SBSTA (Subsidiary Body for Science and Technology Advice), 44, 193
Structured Expert Dialogue (SED), 45, 193
United Kingdom, 29, 85, 200, 219, 222
United States
adversarial approach to science, 219
attitudes to climate change, 250
Biden Administration, 55
Bush, GW Administration, 83
concerns over policy prescriptiveness, 200
debates over climate models, 131
delaying tactics, 194–195
rise of post-truth politics, 257
role in establishment of the IPCC, 16, 250
Trump Administration, 195
UNPFII (UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues), xxv, 124
user involvement, 240, 251
vaccination, 12
Vadrot, A. B. M., 82, 189, 191, 195, 273
value-free stance of IPCC, 4
van Bavel, Bianca, 116–124
van Beek, L., 111–112, 138, 146, 243
van der Sluijs, J. P. et al., 131, 186, 227–228, 232
Vardy, Mark, 169–176, 188
Vasileiadou, E., 112, 114
Venturini, T., 27, 65, 149–151, 172, 186
venues for IPCC Meetings, 27–32, 38, 173
Verheggen, B., 181–182
Victor, D. G., 110, 114, 194–195, 212–213
the ‘view from nowhere’, 66, 218
Villach, 1985 Conference and report, 15–16
virtual meetings, 27
visuals
‘burning embers’ diagram, 197, 200, 236, 238
climate change impacts and adaptation, 243
graphs in AR3 report, 151, 237
‘hockey-stick’ graph in AR3, 151, 239
interactivity, 175, 237
interpretation, 239, 243
recirculation, 240, 242
representing global temperature change, 235, 236, 238
use in IPCC reports, 234–243
VOSL (value of statistical life), 152
voting, 83, 181, 185–186
Walsh, L., 239, 241
Wanneau, K., 44, 170
Wardekker, A., 239, 243
Watson, Robert, 83, 244
WCRP (World Climate Research Programme), 130, 132–133
weather forecasting, 14, 128
‘weighting’ of terminology, 189
Western perspectives. See Global North
WGI – the Physical Science Basis
AR2 Chapter-8 debate, 1995, 53, 101, 150
AR4, modelling sea-level rise, 114, 151
AR6 reference scenarios, 141
diversity problems, 66
use of emulators, 128
WGII – Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability
Himalayan glaciers error, 53, 150, 220
WGIII – Mitigation of Climate Change
approach to uncertainty, 162
diversity in, 68, 70
‘mapmaker strategy’ and IAMs, 55, 143
post-Paris debates, 202
statistical value of human life, AR2, 152
US influence, 17
virtual meetings, 37
Whatmore, S. J., 149–150, 154–155, 273
WHO (World Health Organisation), xxvi, 257
Whyte, K., 120, 124
Wikileaks, 83
Wimsatt, W. K., 249
WMO (World Meteorological Organisation)
ICSU cooperation, 15
origins of the IPCC, 1, 15, 20, 82
WMO Building, 31
women, representation, 64, 69–70, See also gender balance
Working Groups. See also WGI to WGIII
assessment reports and synthesis reports, 42
biases, 114
Chapter Scientist recruitment, 77
constitution, 19
epistemological hierarchies, 110
integration between, 169, 175
reorganisation, 43
scenario-based integration, 146
status of Chairmen, 83
structure reflected in published research, 111
suggested need for a fourth, 114
World Climate Conference / Programme, 15
World Economic Forum, 249
Wynne, B., 50, 56, 112, 131, 135, 186
Yamineva, Yulia, 82, 88–95
ZODs (Zero Order Drafts), xxvi, 99
Zommers, Z, 238

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  • Index
  • Edited by Kari De Pryck, Université de Genève, Mike Hulme, University of Cambridge
  • Book: A Critical Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
  • Online publication: 08 December 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009082099.037
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  • Index
  • Edited by Kari De Pryck, Université de Genève, Mike Hulme, University of Cambridge
  • Book: A Critical Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
  • Online publication: 08 December 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009082099.037
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  • Index
  • Edited by Kari De Pryck, Université de Genève, Mike Hulme, University of Cambridge
  • Book: A Critical Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
  • Online publication: 08 December 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009082099.037
Available formats
×