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No effect of vitamin D supplementation on circulating concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) in adults aged 20–40 and ≥64 years

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 November 2009

A. Lucey ,
T. Hill ,
S. Muldowney ,
K. Seamans ,
J. M. W. Wallace ,
G Horigan ,
M. S. Barnes ,
K. D. Cashman  and
M. Kiely
A. Lucey
Affiliation:
Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
T. Hill
Affiliation:
Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
S. Muldowney
Affiliation:
Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
K. Seamans
Affiliation:
Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
J. M. W. Wallace
Affiliation:
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
G Horigan
Affiliation:
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
M. S. Barnes
Affiliation:
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
K. D. Cashman
Affiliation:
Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
M. Kiely
Affiliation:
Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
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Abstract

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Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 68 , Issue OCE3: Irish Section of The Nutrition Society, 17–19 June 2009 , 2009 , E151
Copyright
Copyright © The Author 2009

Tissue matrix metalloproteinases participate in extracellular matrix remodelling and degradation. Increased expression of MMP-9 and its inhibitor TIMP-1 are linked to unfavourable cardiovascular conditions, including inflammatory damage leading to increased plaque instability(Reference Janssens and Lijnen1). Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with higher MMP-9 concentrations, while vitamin D supplementation has been shown to decrease circulating MMP-9 and TIMP-1 concentrations in vitamin D-deficient adults(Reference Timms, Mannan and Hitman2).

The effect of vitamin D supplementation (0, 5, 10 and 15 μg cholecalciferol/d) on MMP-9 and TIMP-1 concentrations was investigated in two randomised placebo-controlled double-blind 22-week intervention studies in men and women aged 20–40 years (n 215; during winter 2006–7(Reference Cashman, Hill and Lucey3)) and ≥64 years (n 215; during winter 2007–8(Reference Cashman, Wallace and Horigan4)) from Cork and Coleraine. Fasting serum levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured by ELISA at baseline and end point.

BL, baseline; EP, end point (EP). Means in a row with unlike superscript letters were significantly different (P<0.001).

ANOVA showed no baseline differences in the circulating concentrations of MMP-9, TIMP-1 or 25(OH)D between the four treatment groups. Baseline MMP-9 and TIMP-1 concentrations were significantly higher in adults aged 20–40 years (P<0.001) and adults aged ≥64 years (P<0.01) in Coleraine than in Cork. Linear regression analysis showed study centre to be the main predictor of MMP-9 (adjusted R 2 0.474; P<0.001) and TIMP-1 (adjusted R 2 0.326; P<0.001) concentrations in adults aged 20–40 years. In both age-groups pre- and post-intervention 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1 or MMP-9:TIMP-1. In both age-groups repeated measures analysis revealed no significant effect of the intervention on MMP-9 and TIMP-1 concentrations across the four groups, adjusting for centre, age, gender and BMI.

In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation had no effect on circulating MMP-9 and TIMP-1 concentrations in apparently-healthy adults aged 20–40 and ≥64 years.

We wish to acknowledge the UK Food Standards Agency and the Irish Department of Agriculture, Food & Fisheries through the Food Institutional Research Measure for their support.

References

1. Janssens, S & Lijnen, HR (2006) Cardiovasc Res 69, 585–594.Google Scholar
2. Timms, PM, Mannan, N, Hitman, GA et al. (2002) Q J Med 95, 787–796.Google Scholar
3. Cashman, KD, Hill, TR, Lucey, AJ et al. (2008) Am J Clin Nutr 88, 1535–1542.Google Scholar
4. Cashman, KD, Wallace, JMW, Horigan, G et al. (2009) Am J Clin Nutr 89, 1–9.Google Scholar