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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 February 2020

Mark Jaccard
Affiliation:
Simon Fraser University, British Columbia
Type
Chapter
Information
The Citizen's Guide to Climate Success
Overcoming Myths that Hinder Progress
, pp. 286 - 292
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

acid rain, 37, 50, 154155, 156, 162
Alaska, 138
Alberta
and carbon capture and storage, 232
energy system in, 86
oil sands, 15, 80, 86, 135, 261
output-based pricing system in, 252
TransMountain pipeline, 8688, 264
Apollo Space Program, 214215
Arrhenius, Svante, 43, 45
battery electric vehicle. See electric vehicle
behavioral change
and acid rain, 154155
and air travel, 149150, 158
and carbon taxes, 106107
and personal mobility choices, 151153
and urban air quality, 155
definition of, 148
recommendations for citizens, 163164, 259
vs. technological change, 154158, 159163
biodiesel. See bioenergy
bioenergy
and carbon neutrality, 168169
and minimum blending requirements, 201, 249
and the low carbon fuel standard, 112, 126
biofuels, 24, 26, 94, 157, 206, 218219
bio-jet fuel, 158, 227
in Brazil, 218219
role in deep decarbonization, 255
with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), 168169, 255
biofuels. See bioenergy
bitcoin, 154
border carbon adjustments, 252
Branson, Richard, 158, 227
Brazil, 135, 206, 218219, 255
British Columbia. See also Campbell, Gordon
carbon tax in, 15, 95100, 104
clean electricity standard in, 110111, 115
emissions reduction attributable to policy, 122
low carbon fuel standard in, 111
TransMountain pipeline, 8688, 264
Utilities Commission, 13, 191, 246
British Columbia Liberal Party, 95, 99, 102
British Columbia New Democratic Party (NDP), 95, 98, 99
British Petroleum, 136, 160161
Brown, Jerry, 241
Bush, George H. W., 1
Bush, George W., 2, 4, 54, 65, 96
California
Air Resources Board, 240, 246247, 258
cap-and-trade in, 108, 116, 241
decarbonization in, 230231, 240241
emissions reduction attributable to policy, 116
low carbon fuel standard in, 111, 249
renewable portfolio standard in, 241
vehicle emissions standard in, 112
zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) mandate in, 113, 249
Callendar, Guy, 44, 45
Campbell, Gordon, 9698, 99100, 102103, 263
Canada. See also Alberta; British Columbia; Harper, Stephen; Ontario; Trudeau, Justin
and the Kyoto Protocol, 16, 96
climate-energy policy in, 16, 248, 252, 261
Conservative Party, 15, 96, 202
electoral system in, 98, 120
emissions in, 15
energy system in, 8688, 136
Liberal Party, 15, 261, 263
capacity factor. See capacity utilization
capacity utilization, 206207
cap-and-trade, 107109
and carbon offsets, 179181, 231
and GDP, 126127
and policy overlaps, 125
and policy sequencing, 125126
as lead policy, 115117
compared to carbon tax, 107108
examples of, 109
policy design, 9091, 107108
political acceptability considerations, 109, 118127
capitalism, 224236
carbon budget, 8183
carbon capture and storage, 70, 205, 212, 232
and carbon neutrality, 166169
role in deep decarbonization, 255
with bioenergy (BECCS), 168169
Carbon Engineering, 167168
carbon neutrality, 165182. See also carbon offsets
and bioenergy, 168169
and carbon capture and storage, 166169
and direct air capture, 167168, 169
and tree planting, 170
requirements for achieving, 166170
carbon offsets, 165182. See also carbon neutrality
and asymmetric information, 173
and cap-and-trade, 179181, 231
in Kyoto Protocol, 177
industry size, 166
payments for, 170171
recommendations for citizens regarding, 181182
similarity to indulgences, 166
subsidies, similarity to, 176177
verification industry, problems with, 171175
carbon tariffs, 7172, 236, 261
carbon tax, 95107, 118127
and GDP, 126127
and policy overlaps, 125
and policy sequencing, 125126
as lead policy, 115117
compared to cap-and-trade, 107108
history in British Columbia, 95100, 122
implementation design, 9091, 104
in Sweden, 116
in the United Kingdom, 116
political acceptability considerations, 1415, 95100, 105, 118127
revenue neutral policy design, 97, 99, 104, 105106, 120
strong opposition towards, 119123
China
and electric vehicles, 24
and solar energy, 24
and the Kyoto Protocol, 6971
and wind energy, 24
electric vehicles in, 253
emissions in, 63, 69
energy system in, 68, 71, 245, 249
one child policy in, 48
Churchill, Winston, 5961
civil actions, 262
civil disobedience, 88, 263265
clean electricity standard. See renewable portfolio standard
clean fuel standard. See low carbon fuel standard
climate change. See also Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
and capitalism, 234236
and hurricanes, 47
and misinformation from fossil fuel interests, 53
beliefs in United States, 52
climate sensitivity, 44
climate-gate, 51
communication efforts and techniques, 57
consensus among climate scientists, 4445
greenhouse effect, 43
history of climate science, 4345
climate clubs, 7172, 261. See also carbon tariffs
climate emergency, 94, 247, 262
climate plans, 260
climate protests. See civil actions
Clinton, Bill, 65
Clinton, Hillary, 10
coal
‘clean coal’, 78
coal-to-liquids, 137138
marketing strategies, 7879
phase-out policy, 115, 219, 248
cognitive bias, 1011, 102
cognitive dissonance, 36, 88
Colbert, Stephen, 53
command-and-control regulation. See prescriptive regulation
common property resources, 62
communalism, 227
Conservative Party of Canada, 15, 96, 202
consumption, material and energy. See also energy use
and household energy services, 150151
and stock turnover, 151
and wealth, 148150
Conway, Erik, 34, 37, 50
Copenhagen Summit, 16, 66
Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards, 114
cryptocurrency. See Bitcoin
decarbonization. See deep decarbonization
deep decarbonization, 203
and capitalism, 234236
and research and development, 212217
and technological feasibility, 212217
attaching other agendas to, 236238
costs of, 7, 85, 126127
definition of, 67
in electricity, 248251
in electricity and transportation, 84
in transportation, 248251
market responses to, 209210
necessity of policy for, 94, 215217
perfectionist prescriptions for, 257
political barriers to, 100102
recommended strategy for, 253254
required actions for, 19, 82
delusion
common examples in climate-energy challenge, 34, 19
definition of, 3
in fossil fuel project marketing, 7680
of the collective, 3637
of the self, 3536, 236
tactics for promoting, 38
developing countries, climate-energy policy for, 252253
Dion, Stephane, 15, 263
direct air capture, 167168, 169
dispatchability. See intermittency
district energy, 221
Earth Hour, 98
Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro, 64
economic efficiency
of low carbon fuel standards, 112, 114
of prescriptive regulations, 109110
of renewable portfolio standards, 110111, 114
of vehicle emissions standards, 113, 114
rationale for, 90
electric vehicles, 79, 113, 203, 232
and carbon offsets, 172
and electricity sector, 84
and the zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) mandate, 113, 125
cost of, 23
in China, 253
in Norway, 221222
electricity sector
and coal phase-out policy, 219
decarbonization alongside transportation sector, 248251
decarbonization in developing countries, 252253
emissions reduction, 217218, 219
emissions leakage, 251
emissions pricing. See carbon pricing; cap-and-trade; policy, climate-energy
emissions projections
developed vs. developing countries, 68
OECD vs. non-OECD countries, 249250
emissions reduction
and economic growth, 48
and emissions intensity of energy system, 4849
and energy intensity of economy, 48
and focus on global energy system, 47, 49
and national self-interest, 6769
and population growth, 48
as a global collective action problem, 63, 231, 235
attaching other agendas to, 236238
from biofuels, 218219
from nuclear energy, 217218
in electricity sector, 217218, 219
in example jurisdictions, 217222
in heating, 221
in transportation sector, 218219, 221222
targets, importance of, 259
emissions trading system. See cap-and-trade
energy autarky, 226
energy density, 205206
energy efficiency, 183199
and risks with new technologies, 186188
and the rebound effect, 192195
history of, 190192
necessity of policy for, 199
profitability of, 56, 188190
program ineffectiveness, 191
role in deep decarbonization, 198199
subsidy program failure, 176177
supporters of, 197198
Energy Modeling Forum, 8081, 85, 190
energy returned on energy invested (EROEI), 140141
energy storage, 209
energy system inertia, 8384, 85, 203
energy system transformation. See deep decarbonization
energy system transition. See deep decarbonization
energy use. See also consumption, material and energy
direct, 192
effect of income on, 192
indirect, 192
influence of energy costs on, 192195
energy-economy modeling, 8081, 85
scenarios vs. forecasts, 210211
enhanced oil recovery, 135, 137, 232
ethanol. See bioenergy
European Union, 65, 252, 255
ExxonMobil, 50, 160161, 189
feed-in tariffs, 201, 216, 220
Festinger, Leon, 36
flexible regulation, 90, 109114, 118127
alongside carbon pricing, 111112
and GDP, 126127
and implicit carbon prices, 117118
and policy overlaps, 125
and policy sequencing, 125126
as lead policy, 115117
definition of, 109114
economic efficiency considerations, 110111, 112, 113, 114
low carbon fuel standard, 111112
political acceptability considerations, 118127
renewable portfolio standard, 110111
vehicle emissions standard, 112113, 114
zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) mandate, 113
forest conservation, 177
fossil fuels
abundance of, 6
and industry misinformation, 9294
benefits from, 233, 234235
capacity utilization of, 207
dispatchability of, 208
energy density of, 206
marketing techniques for new projects, 7680
Fourier, Jean-Baptiste, 43, 45
Fox News, 51, 56
fracking, 136137
France
carbon tax in, 118
in World War II, 61
nuclear energy in, 217218
free-riding, 63, 74
Gates, Bill, 167, 212213, 221, 227
geoengineering, 227, 255256
Germany
energy system in, 232
in World War II, 5862, 215
Global Energy Assessment, 137, 203
global energy system transition. See deep decarbonization
global warming. See climate change
Gore, Al, 65
greenhouse gas emissions projections. See emissions projections
greenhouse gas emissions reduction. See emissions reduction
greenhouse gases, 81, 235
Gulf War, 1
Harper, Stephen, 15, 96, 263
heavy oil, 135, 136, 137
Hitler, Adolf, 5862, 265
Hubbert, Marion King, 132
Hurricane Katrina, 3942, 65, 96
Hussein, Saddam, 1, 2, 4
hydrogen vehicles, 80, 111, 112, 113
hydropower
capacity utilization of, 207
dispatchability considerations of, 207209
Inconvenient Truth, An (Gore), 14, 66, 96
industrial sector
and single-industry globalization agreements, 252
climate-energy policy, 252
cost of decarbonization, 251252
interdisciplinarity, 8, 38, 123
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 4546, 64, 82, 202, 230 See also climate change
intermittency, 207209
International Energy Agency, 13
Iraq War, 2
Jacobson, Mark, 204205, 210
Jevons’ paradox. See rebound effect
Kennedy, John F., 214
Keystone XL pipeline, 86, 87, 262
Klein, Naomi. See This Changes Everything (Klein)
Kyoto Protocol, 14, 16, 55, 6465, 70, 177
League of Nations, 61, 64
Leonard, Annie, 161
Liberal Party of Canada, 15, 261, 263
light tight oil. See shale oil
Lovins, Amory, 190191, 202, 204, 205, 210
low carbon fuel standard
and direct air capture, 167
economic efficiency of, 114
policy design, 111112
political acceptability of, 121122, 124, 125
Macron, Emmanuel, 118
Manhattan Project, 214215
Mann, Michael, 51
market-oriented regulation. See flexible regulation
Marlboro advertising, 2930, 31
Merchants of Doubt (Oreskes and Conway), 34, 37, 50
minimum renewable fuel blending requirements, 201
Musk, Elon, 113, 221, 227
myths, 34, 19
natural gas
gas-to-liquids, 137138
marketing strategies, 79
role in deep decarbonization, 254
Newsome, Gavin, 241
Nixon, Richard, 102, 130
Nordhaus, Ted, 214
North Dakota, 135, 136137
Norway
electric vehicle sales in, 221
transportation policy in, 221222, 249
nuclear energy, 202, 205, 213
in France, 217218
role in deep decarbonization, 254255, 256
Nye, Bill, 56
Obama, Barack, 10, 66, 73, 87, 114115, 166, 262
offsets. See carbon offsets
oil. See also coal-to-liquids; gas-to-liquids
conventional and unconventional, 135137
evolving definitions, 135137
marketing strategies, 7980
supply estimates, 136137, 141
oil crisis of 1973, 129130, 138, 139. See also peak oil
oil sands, 80, 8688, 135, 136, 137, 261
Olson, Randy, 55
Ontario
cap-and-trade in, 109
coal phase-out in, 115, 219, 248
Progressive Conservative Party, 109
Oreskes, Naomi, 34, 37, 50
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 67, 8788
output-based pricing system, 252
Paris Agreement, 16, 66
peak oil. See also oil; oil crisis of 1973
and energy returned on energy invested (EROEI), 140141
and supply-demand responses, 138140
definition of, 131
Hubbert’s peak, 132, 135
prevalence of belief, 130131
unintended consequences of belief in, 143
performance obligations. See prescriptive regulations
plug-in hybrid vehicles, 79
policy window, 96, 240, 241, 258
policy, acid rain, 154155
policy, climate-energy. See also cap-and-trade; carbon tax
carbon pricing, 9091, 95100, 104109, 257
coal phase-out, 219
economic efficiency criterion, 90, 109110, 112, 113, 114
examples of success, 217222
flexible regulation, 90, 109114
for decarbonizing electricity and transportation, 248251
implementation barriers of, 100102
industrial sector, 252
non-compulsory, 89
overlaps, 125
political acceptability criterion, 1415, 95100, 118127
prescriptive regulation, 89, 109110
public awareness of, 119
reversal / removal, 114115
sequencing of, 125126
stringency of, 115117
policy, urban air pollution, 155
political acceptability. See policy, climate-energy
political costs. See policy, climate-energy
power density. See energy density
Powering Past Coal Alliance, 249, 261
prescriptive regulation, 89, 109110
productivity rebound. See rebound effect
Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, 109
Quebec, 108, 219
Reagan, Ronald, 190
rebound effect, 114
definition of, 193
in lighting, 193194
in refrigeration, 194195
renewable portfolio standard, 110111, 114, 123
renewables, 200223
and energy density, 205206
and land requirements, 205206
and wind, water, solar (WWS) path, 204205
capacity utilization of, 206207
costs relative to fossil fuels, 222223
dispatchability considerations, 207209
economic feasibility of, 205210
electricity prices from, 204
role of policy in adoption of, 201
research and development, 212217, 221222
Romney, Mitt, 96
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 214
Russia/Soviet Union
in the Cold War, 215
in World War II, 61
Saudi Arabia, 136
Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 96, 157, 231, 241, 247
Seekers, the, 36
shale oil, 135, 136137
Shellenberger, Michael, 214
Site C dam, 110
Smil, Vaclav, 203, 207, 211
solar energy
capacity utilization of, 207
dispatchability considerations of, 207209
energy density of, 206
standards. See prescriptive regulation; flexible regulation
subsidies, 89, 249. See also feed-in tariffs
for energy efficiency, 176177
for forest conservation, 177
to fossil fuel industry, 200
sustainability, threats to, 133135
Sustainable Fossil Fuels (Jaccard), 1213, 205, 212, 235
Sweden
carbon tax in, 116, 125, 221
district heating in, 221
tar sands. See oil sands
technological change, 154158, 159163
Tesla, 113
Texas, 110, 136, 137, 232
This Changes Everything (Klein), 224237, 238
Thunberg, Greta, 247
tight oil. See shale oil
Tillerson, Rex, 51
tobacco
and cancer beliefs, 33
history of use in the United States, 30
industry’s cancer misinformation efforts, 34
regulation and education policy, 33
tradable performance obligations. See flexible regulation
tradable standards. See flexible regulation
trade policy. See carbon tariffs
trade-exposed industry. See industrial sector
TransMountain pipeline, 264
transportation sector
decarbonization alongside electricity sector, 248251
decarbonization in developing countries, 252253
tree planting, 170
Trott zu Solz, Adam von, 59, 61, 265
Trudeau, Justin, 86
Trump, Donald, 3, 10, 73, 87, 115, 166
Tyndall, John, 43, 45
United Kingdom
carbon tax in, 116
electricity policy in, 248
in World War II, 59, 60, 61
United Nations, 64
United States. See also Bush, George W.; California; Obama, Barack; Trump, Donald
climate-energy policy in, 16, 114115
electricity policy in, 248
in Iraq War, 2
in World War II, 59, 214
vehicle emissions standard, 112113, 114
Venezuela, 135, 136
voluntary international agreements, 71, 73, 235
Waxman-Markey bill, 66, 73, 114, 231
wind energy
capacity utilization of, 207
dispatchability considerations of, 207209
energy density of, 205206
wishful thinking bias, 17, 18, 197, 205, 247
World War II, 5862
yellow vests protest, 119
Yom Kippur war, 130
zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) mandate. See vehicle emissions standard
zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs), 113, 160

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  • Index
  • Mark Jaccard, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia
  • Book: The Citizen's Guide to Climate Success
  • Online publication: 06 February 2020
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  • Index
  • Mark Jaccard, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia
  • Book: The Citizen's Guide to Climate Success
  • Online publication: 06 February 2020
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  • Index
  • Mark Jaccard, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia
  • Book: The Citizen's Guide to Climate Success
  • Online publication: 06 February 2020
Available formats
×