It will be clear from the Report presented by the Admnistrative Director to the Executive Council (published elsewhere in this number) that the officers of the Institute have been giving much thought to the need fro increasing the annual income available for the general purpose of the Institute. This matter was very fully ducussed by the Council at its recent meeting, and it ws resolved that the annual subscription to the Institute should be increased, as from January 1954, to 35s. The need for this decision is greatly regretted, but it should be pointed out that, in spite of constantly rising costs, the subscription has only risen by 5s. since the Institute's foundation in 1926, and that the present rate of subscription barely covers the cost of printing and distributing the Journal.

A visitor to West Africa today will find most of the conventional trappings of a western civilization. He can travel on trains and in motor-cars and airplanes, and stay at rest-houses equipped with electric light and a flushed toilet. He can visit African homes furnished in the latest western style in which there is refrigeration and cooking is done by electricity. He will see Africans working in shops, offices, and factories, growing crops for foreign consumption, and leasing and renting land. He will visit churches and schools, play outdoor games, attend dances, performances of amateur dramatics, baby shows, and buy a flag for charity—all these activities being organized by Africans. On the other hand, he will also see a majority of Africans living in huts of wattle and daub and of grass, herding cattle, and cultivating their farms and plots with home-made implements, pounding their food in mortars, crossing rivers in dug-out canoes, dancing to the music of wooden drums, and worshipping ancient gods and spirits.

La présente publication fait partie d'une étude d'ensemble des centres urbains de l'Afrique Equatoriale Française. Ces recherches dont nous avons été chargé par le Haut-Commissariat de la République en A.E.F, présentent l'originalite d'être les premières qui aient été poursuivies par des spécialistes des sciences humaines, non dans une intention purement érudite, mais afin que des mesures administratives puissent être prises dans le but de dormer une solution à certains problèmes posés par la colonisation.

D'autre part, ces travaux ne sont qu'une introduction à des recherches plus approfondies. En effet, eu égard au temps dont nous disposions par rapport à l'importance du problème envisagé, nous avons dû nous en tenir, une fois le cadre tracé, à l'étude de points particulièrement importants dans l'évolution actuelle. Le rapport complet de ces recherches a fait l'objet de publications dont le présent article constitue le résumé.

During the past fifty years certain interesting marriage practices have been reported for various tribes in Northern Nigeria by a number of writers, but so far not much attention has been directed towards classification and analysis of the institutions concerned. This is attempted in the present paper, mainly on the basis of field-work among two tribes of Zaria Province, Northern Nigeria—the Kadara and the Kagoro—both of which practise an institution here referred to as secondary marriage, though their cultures are otherwise strikingly different.

East London is a rapidly growing port with a population of about 85,000 persons of all races, situated on the south-east coast of Africa. It is the city nearest to the largest Native Reserve in the Union, the Transkei, and hence uniquely situated in respect of its Native labour supply. It was a centre for the urban sociological studies of Professor Monica Wilson in her 1936 acculturation research, and more recently for a series of socio-economic studies by the author as an employee of the Municipality in 1949-50. An historical study of African settlement in the City, and of the relationship of Africans to the European controlled municipal council is presented here.

Lord Lugard, in a good deal of his action as well as in his speaking and writing around the turn of our present century and later, gave prominence and helped to give progressive formulation to an idea which had not then been nearly so clearly seen, accepted, or practised as it has been in certain quarters since.

This idea may be paraphrased by saying that a balance should be maintained in colonial relationships between the good resulting for the colonial peoples and that accruing to the governing peoples.