Index
active knowledge exchange mechanisms, 134
case studies
EKLIPSE mechanism, 135
management of the Wadden Sea, 135
UK Parliamentary Office for Science and Technology and EU Scientific Advice Mechanism, 136
costs, 138
Advocacy Coalition Framework, 235
afforestation,
African Biodiversity Network, 85
Anderson, Gillian, 279
Antarctic Science Scan and Roadmap Challenges Exercise, The, 30,
Australasian Joint Agencies Scanning Network, 41
Australian Cooperative Research Centres Association programme, 222
Australian Environmental Offsets Policy,
Australian Research Council (ARC) linkage funding scheme, 222
Bat Synopsis,
bats, impact of roads on, 48,
evidence synthesis,
road underpasses,
mitigation using bat gantries,
promoting the evidence,
BBC Radio 4 charity appeal,
bear bile trade, 289
behavioural change, , 293, 327, See also social marketing
asking questions,
campaigning for, , 286
design of economic incentives,
effects of choice architecture, nudging, and effort,
importance of behaviour, over values, attitudes, and beliefs,
importance of context, 295
importance of non-conscious processes,
influence of regulation, 294
information provision, 294
recognition of inner motives,
social marketing and attitudinal campaigns, 294
Theory of Change, 64
understanding the effect of peer influence,
use of economic levers, 294
benchmarking,
Bengal florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis),
Big Life Foundation, 289
biodiversity
assessing impacts on,
biofuel policy, 5
Birdlife International, 152
black rhino, 287
black-necked grebe (Podiceps nigricollis), 185
Blue Carbon Projects, 171
Blue Planet II (BBC), 278
Bonaire parrot (Save the Lora) campaign, , 318
Bonham-Carter, Helena, 279
boomerang effects, 289
Borana Conservancy, 284
Born Free Foundation, 287
British Ecological Society (BES), 4
campaigning, 7, 277, 294, 327, See also social marketing
appropriateness of,
awareness-raising, 281
future directions, 290
planning,
potential pitfalls
bias,
conflicting views, 288
inappropriate use of emotion,
lack of a strong evidence base,
over-stated claims of success, 286
risk of unintended consequences,
those involved in, 279
to bring about policy change,
to change behaviour, , 286
to raise funds,
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, 257
Cecil the Lion case, 287
Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA), 7,
Centres of Excellence, 222
Chesapeake Bay, 285
Chi campaign (TRAFFIC), 282,
choice architecture,
Christie, Julie, 279
Cochrane, Archie, 49
co-existence with large carnivores protect (Costa Rica),
collaborative conservation
approaches, 84
common pochard (Aythya ferina), 185
common scoter (Melanitta nigra), 185
communication
between scientists and citizens,
mediated environmental and,
of environmental sciences,
strategies to improve,
transmission model of, 270
Community-Based Monitoring and Information Systems, 89
conflict management,
approaches to,
issues of trust, bias and power,
limitations and challenges to,
worldviews on the state of nature and,
Conservation Evidence, 55,
Conservation International, 316
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 17, 85, 241, , 251
13th Conference to the Parties (COP), 255
achievements, 257
Aichi Biodiversity Targets, , 257
incorporation of biodiversity into national accounting (2), 137
traditional knowledge (18), 89
links with UN Sustainable Development Goals,
role of science and evidence, 254
Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA), 254
Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES), 278
Cool Farm Tool, 133
coot (Fulica atra), 185
co-production model, 20,
corporate social responsibility investments, 203
cost–benefit analysis, 294
cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus), 285
Critically Endangered (CE) species, 188
Customer Contractor Principle, 222
Data Deficient (DD) species,
DDT, 3
decision-making, 327
day-to-day, 148,
effective engagement with scientists,
acknowledgement of multiple knowledge(s), perspectives and worldviews, 173
acknowledgement of power disparities,
developing a code of conduct for marine conservation,
development of the Australian Environmental Offsets Policy,
early engagement and definition of aims, 172
ease of participation, 173
engaging local communities,
identifying the decision-makers, , 172
importance of good facilitation, 174
importance of learning new skills,
importance of mutual trust, 174
importance of persistence,
key factors,
making use of existing spaces and opportunities, 175
Tai Timu Tai Pari marine spatial planning process,
governmental processes,
importance of scientific advice,
incorporating evidence and,
increasing the use of scientific evidence,
information monitoring,
information used to inform,
made by practitioners,
site-level management planning processes, 146
Features–Attributes–Factors framework, 152
Pressure–State–Response framework, 152
procedures,
used by RSPB, 149
used by the New Zealand Department of Conservation (DOC),
spatial scaling and targeting, 205
strategic level, 146
trade-offs and valuations, 199
assessing impacts on biodiversity,
challenge across non-commensurate metrics,
challenge of across integrated systems,
decision support systems/tools,
costs, 138
Delphi Method, 34
Dewey, John, 273
digital communication, 7
digital media, 272
Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) framework, 131
ecological advice, , 159
ecological consultants, 59
ecosystem services, 196, , See also Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (PBES)
payer–provider payment mechanisms,
Endangered (EN) species, 188
epistemic uncertainty, 185
EUROBATS agreement,
European Union Scientific Advice Mechanism, 136
evidence generation failure, 5
evidence in conservation, 48
improvement of,
need for,
probabilistic, qualified,
promotion of,
why it is ignored,
evidence synthesis, ,
alignment of methods with policy and practice needs,
barriers to the efficacy of, 121
computer-assisted approaches, 122
cost of alignment mechanisms, 139
knowledge platforms,
mainstreaming for decision support,
national and international scientific assessments,
role of informing decisions in conservation policy and practice,
evidence use failure,
exchange programmes, 221
Features–Attributes–Factors framework, 152
flagship species, 316
flood control, 200
focus groups, , 71
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 251
fossil fuels, 265
friction costs, 301
fundraising campaigns,
Fundraising Regulator (UK), 283
Future Earth, 251
Global Dialogue on Human Rights and Biodiversity Conservation,
Global Environment Facility Blue Carbon Project (GEF, 2017), 171
Global March for Elephants and Rhinos (GMFER), 288
Global Ocean Legacy project (Pew Environment Group), 279
Gove, Michael, 278
government
decision-making,
research sponsorship,
role and typology of conservation research and,
science and policy interaction models,
specialists in, 18
Great British Oceans Coalition, 279
Greenpeace, palm oil campaign, 280
Group On Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON), 251
Häagen-Dazs, 205
Hague Centre for Strategic Studies, 43
Haldane Principle, 222
Hauraki Gulf Marine Park (HGMP), 168
honey-gathering,
horizon scanning, 5,
analysing and prioritising issues,
approaches to,
automated input gathering,
intelligence-gathering for biosecurity, 38
evaluating the success of,
future directions,
influence and effectiveness of,
issues relating to, 31
manually gathered input methods,
Antarctic Science Scan and Roadmap Challenges Exercise, The,
Delphi-style,
scoping,
sorting, cataloguing and clustering, 37
using the output, 40
household surveys, ,
Human Animal Infections and Risk Surveillance group, 41
Humane Society International, 286
identifiable victim effect, 298
IFAW, 287
illegal behaviours,
alternatives to,
challenging through mixed-methods approaches,
IMSA Amsterdam, 135
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission, 77
informal working groups,
Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), 107, 136, 241, ,
Assessment for Europe and Central Asia, 247
provision of knowledge and evidence to SDGs,
role in provision of science and evidence,
international conservation policy development,
International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, 269
International Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity, 85
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), 55, 169, 188, 251
Briefing Paper for European decision-makers, 287
International Whaling Commission (IWC), 269
intrinsic uncertainty, 185
ivory trade, campaign against, 283
jaguars,
job-shadowing, 221
Kathita River (Kenya), ,
Kimberley Indigenous Saltwater Science Project (KISSP), , 106
knowledge brokers, 221
Leadsom, Andrea, 283
Least Concern (LC) species, 188
Lewa Wildlife Conservancy, 284
linguistic uncertainty, 185
Lion Aid, 287
lions, hunting of, 287
local norms, 303
lotteries, 304
macaws, 49
marine conservation
alternative livelihood projects,
development of a code of conduct,
Masyarakat dan Perikanan Indonesia, 76
media ecology, 266
MEPs for Wildlife, 287
Microsoft, 204
mobile sensing technology, 40
Montreal protocol, 6
Moray Firth Seal Management Plan, 233
Multidisciplinary Expert Panel (MEP), 248
Multiple Evidence Base (MEB) approach, ,
case studies
Global Dialogue on Human Rights and Biodiversity Conservation, , 106
Kathita River, Tharaka, ,
Kimberley Saltwater Country, , 106
lessons learned,
connecting knowledge systems for the benefit of conservation and human well-being,
impact in conservation and sustainability,
Multi-systems approach, 235
Murdoch, Rupert, 268
Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing, 257
narrative fidelity, 298
National Biodiversity and Action Plans, 257
National Ecosystem Assessment (NEA), 11,
analysing trade-offs across alternative land-use scenarios,
identification of the beneficiaries,
land-use–derived ecosystem services and their economic valuation, 207
policy implications, 210
National Environmental Research Program (Australia, 2010–2015), 221
national funding schemes, 222
National Geographic, 279
National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act (1949), 242
National Pollinatory Strategy for England (Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), 130
National Science Foundation (US), 222
natural capital, 196
ecosystem services, goods and values,
mainstreaming, 197
payment mechanisms for funding change,
trade-offs and valuations
challenge of decision-making across non-commensurate metrics,
challenge of decision-making across integrated systems,
Natural Capital Committee (NCC), 210
Natural Environment Research Council, 42
Natural Museums of Kenya, 106
Nature Conservancy, 4
Nature@Work scenario,
Nechisar nightjar (Camprimulgus solala), 188
Nestlé, 280
Netherlands Commission for Environmental Assessment, 135
New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, 149
New Zealand Department of Conservation (DOC),
northern white rhino, 278
nudging, 301
Office of Productivity, Technology & Innovation (US Department of Commerce), 222
Ogiek people,
Ol Jogi Conservancy, 284
Ol Pejeta Conservancy, 284
orchids, trade of, 290
palm oil, 280
pangolin scales trade, 290
Parliamentary Office for Science and Technology, 136
Peak District National Park, 242
photography, used in campaigning,
Pitcairn Island Marine Reserve campaign, 279
plastic bag charge, 303
pollination assessment (IPBES),
Pressure–State–Response framework, 152
pro-environmental values,
Project Seahorse,
Prospect Theory, 303
Public attitudes and behaviours towards the environment survey (National Statistics, 2009), 202
pumas,
radical incrementalism, 302
Randomised Response Technique, 67
reintroduction programmes, 49
research
challenges of bias and rigour,
governmental sponsorship,
improving the policy impact of,
Research and Development Limited Partnerships, 222
Research Excellence Framework (UK), 222
rewilding, 4
Rhino Dog Squad,
Risk Assessment and Horizon Scanning programme (Singapore), 44
Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), 154
decision-making using ecological advice,
management plan, 149
ruddy ducks (Oxyura jamaicensis), 185
Save the Bay, Eat a Ray campaign, 285
Save the Rhino International (SRI),
science–policy relationships, ,
biosecurity risk analysis example,
Sea Change – Tai Timu Tai Pari,
Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, 268
seahorse trade,
self-enhancement, 298
Sengwer people,
shark fishing,
slipper orchids, 290
social identity, 298
social marketing, 294,
acknowledging ethical issues, 317
acknowledging the difficulties in changing behaviour,
application in conservation
community-based natural resource management, 314
conservation flagships, 316
demand reduction,
Bonair parrot campaign,
citizen orientation and focus, 312
competition/barrier and asset analysis, 313
critical thinking, reflexivity and being ethical, 313
highlighting target audience benefits via a mix of marketing interventions, 313
importance of evaluation, 317
measures of value,
setting of explicit social goals, 312
southern white rhino, 287
stepwise approach,
Stockholm Resilience Centre, 253
Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, 253
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), 55
synthetic meats, 40
tamarins, 49
Tanjung Luar,
Tansley, Arthur, 4
technical rational model, 19,
Theory of Planned Behaviour, , 78
threat to species classification,
Threatened Species Strategy (DOC, New Zealand), 150
trophy hunting,
Two Million Tusks, 283
Ugalla Game Reserve,
uncertainty,
addressing through benchmarking,
addressing through provision of more data/evidence,
general versus situational outcomes, 187
issues of ignoring,
probabilistic, qualified evidence,
types of, 185
United Nations Decade on Biodiversity, 257
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 251
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 251
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 251
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 251
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+), 89
United Nations High-Level Political Forum, 256
United Nations Ocean Conference (2017), 171
United Nations Statistics Commission, 256
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 242,
achievements, 257
joint working with Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD),
need for increased implementation, 257
role of science and evidence,
US Fish and Wildlife Service, 314
Value of Information (VoI) measure, 190
value–action gap,
Vijana na Mazingira (VIMA) Theory of Change project,
Vulnerable (VU) species, 188
Wadden Academy, 135
Wadden Sea, 135
well-being, measures of,
West Nile Virus, 42
Whakatane mechanism, 104
White Paper on Modernising Government (UK, 1999), 216
white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla),
wolves, 233
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