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Bovine ICSI: limiting factors, strategies to improve its efficiency and alternative approaches

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 September 2022

Fernanda Fuentes
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile PhD Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology. Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
Erwin Muñoz
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile PhD Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology. Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
María José Contreras
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile PhD Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology. Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
María Elena Arias
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile Department of Agricultural Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
Ricardo Felmer*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
*
Author for correspondence: Ricardo Felmer. Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Universidad de La Frontera, Montevideo 0870, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile. Tel: +56 45 2325591. E-mail: [email protected]

Summary

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an assisted reproductive technique mainly used to overcome severe infertility problems associated with the male factor, but in cattle its efficiency is far from optimal. Artificial activation treatments combining ionomycin (Io) with 6-dimethylaminopurine after piezo-ICSI or anisomycin after conventional ICSI have recently increased the blastocyst rate obtained. Compounds to capacitate bovine spermatozoa, such as heparin and methyl-β-cyclodextrin and compounds to destabilize sperm membranes such as NaOH, lysolecithin and Triton X-100, have been assessed, although they have failed to substantially improve post-ICSI embryonic development. Disulfide bond reducing agents, such as dithiothreitol (DTT), dithiobutylamine and reduced glutathione, have been assessed to decondense the hypercondensed head of bovine spermatozoa, the two latter being more efficient than DTT and less harmful. Although piezo-directed ICSI without external activation has generated high fertilization rates and modest rates of early embryo development, other studies have required exogenous activation to improve the results. This manuscript thoroughly reviews the different strategies used in bovine ICSI to improve its efficiency and proposes some alternative approaches, such as the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as ‘biological methods of oocyte activation’ or the incorporation of EVs in the in vitro maturation and/or culture medium as antioxidant defence agents to improve the competence of the ooplasm, as well as a preincubation of the spermatozoa in estrous oviductal fluid to induce physiological capacitation and acrosome reaction before ICSI, and the use of hyaluronate in the sperm immobilization medium.

Type
Review Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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