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Removal of the block to self-fertilization by low-calcium artificial seawater in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 June 2022

Shizuya Hashimoto ,
Keita Kinjo ,
Takako Saito Open the ORCID record for Takako Saito [Opens in a new window]  and
Hitoshi Sawada Open the ORCID record for Hitoshi Sawada [Opens in a new window]
Shizuya Hashimoto
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
Keita Kinjo
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
Takako Saito*
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan Shizuoka Institute for the Study of Marine Biology and Chemistry, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
Hitoshi Sawada*
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
*
Authors for correspondence: Hitoshi Sawada. Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan. Tel: +81 52 798 018. Fax: +81 52 798 0370. E-mail: [email protected] Takako Saito. Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan. Tel: +81 54 238 4150. E-mail: [email protected]
Authors for correspondence: Hitoshi Sawada. Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan. Tel: +81 52 798 018. Fax: +81 52 798 0370. E-mail: [email protected] Takako Saito. Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan. Tel: +81 54 238 4150. E-mail: [email protected]
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Summary

Ascidians (Urochordate) are hermaphroditic marine invertebrates that release sperm and eggs to the surrounding seawater. However, several ascidians, including Ciona intestinalis and Halocynthia roretzi, show strict self-sterility due to a self/nonself-recognition mechanism in the interaction between sperm and the vitelline coat (VC) of the eggs. We have previously reported that sperm intracellular Ca2+ level drastically increased immediately after sperm binding to the VC of self eggs but not nonself eggs in C. intestinalis type A, which was potently inhibited by lowering the external Ca2+ concentration, suggesting that sperm Ca2+ influx occurs after sperm self-recognition on the VC. Here, we investigated whether self-sterility was abolished by lowering the external Ca2+ concentration in C. intestinalis. The results showed that the block to self-fertilization was removed by low-Ca2+ (∼1 mM) seawater without decreasing the fertilization rate. Such an effect was not observed with Mg2+ or K+. These results led us to conclude that a low-Ca2+ environment is sufficient to block the self-recognition signal upon fertilization. As low-Ca2+ seawater showed no effect on H. roretzi self-sterility, we propose that the mechanism of self-sterility in Ciona must be distinctive from that in Halocynthia.

Keywords

AscidianCalciumFertilizationSelf-incompatibilitySelf-sterility
Type
Short Communication
Information
Zygote , Volume 30 , Issue 5 , October 2022 , pp. 738 - 742
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

*

These authors contributed equally to this work.

†

Present address: Research Center for Marine Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Asamushi, Aomori 039–3501, Japan.

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