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Morphological changes and germ layer formation in the porcine embryos from days 7–13 of development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 November 2013

Ruizhen Sun ,
Lei Lei ,
Shichao Liu ,
Binghua Xue ,
Jianyu Wang ,
Jiaqiang Wang ,
Jingling Shen ,
Lian Duan ,
Xinghui Shen  and
Yimei Cong
...Show all authors
Ruizhen Sun
Affiliation:
Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
Lei Lei
Affiliation:
Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
Shichao Liu
Affiliation:
College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China.
Binghua Xue
Affiliation:
College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China.
Jianyu Wang
Affiliation:
College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China.
Jiaqiang Wang
Affiliation:
College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China.
Jingling Shen
Affiliation:
Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
Lian Duan
Affiliation:
Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
Xinghui Shen
Affiliation:
Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
Yimei Cong
Affiliation:
College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China.
Yanli Gu
Affiliation:
Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
Kui Hu
Affiliation:
College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China.
Lianhong Jin*
Affiliation:
Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China or College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China. Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
Zhong-hua Liu*
Affiliation:
Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China or College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China. College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China.
*
All correspondence to: Lianhong Jin or Zhong-Hua Liu. Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China. Tel: +86 0451 86674518. e-mail: [email protected]; or College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China. Tel: +86 0451 55191747. e-mail: [email protected]
All correspondence to: Lianhong Jin or Zhong-Hua Liu. Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China. Tel: +86 0451 86674518. e-mail: [email protected]; or College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Province, China. Tel: +86 0451 55191747. e-mail: [email protected]
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Summary

Morphogenesis and identification of embryonic differentiation in porcine embryos are crucial issues for developmental biology and laboratory animal science. The current paper presents a study on the asynchronous development of hatched porcine embryos from days 7 to 13 post-insemination. Examination of semi-thin sections of the hypoblast showed that it had characteristics similar to those of the mouse anterior visceral endoderm during embryonic disc formation. Also, a cavity appeared in the epiblast, which was similar to a mouse proamniotic cavity. With the gradual disappearance of Rauber's layer, the cavity opened and contacted the external environment directly, all of which formed the embryonic disc. To confirm the differentiation characteristics, we performed immunohistochemical analyses and showed that GATA6 was detected clearly in parietal endoderm cells during embryonic disc establishment. OCT4 was expressed in the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophoblast of hatched blastocysts and in the epiblast during formation of the embryonic disc. However, OCT4 showed comparatively decreased expression in the posterior embryonic disc, primitive streak and migrating cells. SOX2 was present in the ICM and epiblast. Therefore, both SOX2 and OCT4 can be used as markers of pluripotent cells in the porcine embryonic disc. At the start of gastrulation, staining revealed VIMENTIN in the posterior of the embryonic disc, primitive streak and in migrating cells that underlay the embryonic disc and was also expressed in epiblast cells located in the anterior primitive streak. Together with serial sections of embryos stained by whole mount immunohistochemistry, the mesoderm differentiation pattern was shown as an ingression movement that took place at the posterior of the embryonic disc and with bilateral migration along the embryonic disc borders.

Keywords

DifferentiationGATA6Hatched embryosMorphologySOX2
Type
Research Article
Information
Zygote , Volume 23 , Issue 2 , April 2015 , pp. 266 - 276
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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