Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T07:09:51.332Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Performing in the Shadows: Learning and Making Music as Ethnomusicological Practice and Theory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 March 2019

Extract

In this article, I am concerned with the ways in which engagement with performance has shaped—and continues to shape—the ideas and theoretical perspectives of ethnomusicologists. In many ethnomusicology programmes (including several I have been in as a student or teacher), graduate students are required to participate in performing ensembles, take lessons both at home and in the field, and participate in performance as part of their thesis or dissertation research, yet the rationale for these widespread practices is not easy to decipher from contemporary definitions or overviews of the field. While my formal studies of ethnomusicology took place in the United States, and much of the literature discussed here is an outgrowth of North American practices, my perspectives are also shaped by more than two decades of teaching, research, and interaction with scholars and performers in East Asia. Although I will make reference to researchers and developments in Hong Kong, mainland China, Japan, and Korea, the stories of ethnomusicology and performance in those locales deserve articles of their own, and I do not even pretend to speak for practices and issues elsewhere in Asia or in Europe, Latin American, Africa, or Oceania. Nevertheless, I believe that the issues raised here are of at least potential interest to all those involved in the intersection of music and ethnography, and I hope that these preliminary ideas will inspire comparative perspectives from scholars elsewhere.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © 2010 By The International Council for Traditional Music

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Agawu, Kofi 1992Representing African Music.” Critical Inquiry 18/2:245–66.Google Scholar
Anku, William O. 1988Procedures in African Drumming: A Study of Akan/Ewe Traditions and African Drumming in Pittsburgh.” PhD dissertation (ethnomusicology), University of Pittsburgh.Google Scholar
Babiracki, Carol M. 1997What's the Difference? Reflections on Gender and Research in Village India.” In Barz and Cooley 1997:121–36.Google Scholar
Baily, John 2001Learning to Perform as a Research Technique in Ethnomusicology.” British Journal of Ethnomusicology 10/2:8598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakan, Michael 1999 Music of Death and New Creation: Experiences in the World of Balinese Gamelan Beleganjur. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Barz, Gregory E., and Cooley, Timothy J. 1997 Ed. Shadows in the Field: New Perspectives for Fieldwork in Ethnomusicology. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
2008 Ed. Shadows in the Field: New Perspectives for Fieldwork in Ethnomusicology. 2nd ed. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Becker, Judith 2004 Deep Listeners; Music, Emotion, and Trancing. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Bohlman, Philip V. 2001Ethnomusicology III: Post-1945 Developments.” In Sadie 2001: vol. 8, 378–86.Google Scholar
Bor, Joep 1993Studying World Music: The Next Phase.” In Teaching Musics of the World, ed. Margot Lieth-Philipp and Andreas Gutzwiller, 6181. Affalterbach, Germany: Philipp Verlag.Google Scholar
Brinner, Benjamin 1995 Knowing Music, Making Music: Javanese Gamelan and the Theory of Musical Competence and Interaction. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hyun-kyung, Chae 1999Contemplating Alternative Musicology in Contemporary South Korea: A Call for ‘Integrative Musicology.'Tongyang ǔmak 21:97112.Google Scholar
Cooley, Timothy J. 1997Casting Shadows in the Field: An Introduction.” In Barz and Cooley 1997:319.Google Scholar
Cooley, Timothy J., and Barz, Gregory 2008Casting Shadows: Fieldwork Is Dead! Long Live Fieldwork!In Barz and Cooley 2008:324.Google Scholar
Feld, Steven 1988Aesthetics as Iconicity of Style, or ‘Lift-up-over Sounding': Getting into the Kaluli Groove.” Yearbook for Traditional Music 20:74113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1990 Sound and Sentiment: Birds, Weeping, Poetics, and Song in Kaluli Expression. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. (1st ed. 1982).Google Scholar
Fox, Aaron A. 2004 Real Country: Music and Language in Working-Class Culture. Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Hood, Mantle 1960The Challenges of Bi-Musicality.” Ethnomusicology 4/2:5559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1982 The Ethnomusicologist. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. (Orig. pub. 1971).Google Scholar
Hood, Mantle, and Trimillos, Ricardo D. 2004Afterword: Some Closing Thoughts from the First Voice.” In Solis 2004:283–88.Google Scholar
Yon, Hwang Jun 1999 Yongsan hoesang yon'gu [A study of yongsanhoesang]. Seoul: Seoul National University Press.Google Scholar
Jackson, Travis A. 2000Jazz Performance as Ritual: The Blues Aesthetic and the African Diaspora.” In The African Diaspora: A Musical Perspective, ed. Ingrid Monson, 2382. New York: Garland.Google Scholar
Kingsbury, Henry 1988 Music, Talent, and Performance: A Conservatory Cultural System. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Kippen, James 2008Working with the Masters.” In Barz and Cooley 2008:125–40.Google Scholar
Kisliuk, Michelle 1997(Un)doing Fieldwork: Sharing Songs, Sharing Lives.” In Barz and Cooley 1997:2344.Google Scholar
2008(Un)doing Fieldwork: Sharing Songs, Sharing Lives.” In Barz and Cooley 2008:183205.Google Scholar
Koning, Jos 1980The Fieldworker as Performer: Fieldwork Objectives and Social Roles in County Clare, Ireland.” Ethnomusicology 24/3:417429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Law, Anthony Bing Kuen 2002 “Chaozhou Xianshiyue in Hong Kong: A Case Study of the Music Division of the Hong Kong Chiuchow Merchants’ Mutual Aid Society, Ltd.” MA thesis (ethnomusicology), Chinese University of Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Levitin, Daniel J. 2006 This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession. New York: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Lung, Mavis Man Wai 2005Gaidong (Performance Gigs) in Hong Kong: The Ecology of Commercial Chinese Instrumental Music Performance.” MA thesis (ethnomusicology), Chinese University of Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Ako, Mashino 2009 “Competition as a New Context for the Performance of Balinese Gender Wayang. Yearbook for Traditional Music 41:111–37.Google Scholar
Merriam, Alan P. 1964 The Anthropology of Music. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press.Google Scholar
Myers, Helen 1992aEthnomusicology.” In Ethnomusicology: An Introduction, ed. Helen Myers, 318. New York and London: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
1992bFieldwork.” In Ethnomusicology: An Introduction, ed. Helen Myers, 2149. New York and London: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
2001Ethnomusicology II: Pre-1945.” In Sadie 2001: vol. 8, 368–78.Google Scholar
Myers-Moro, Pamela 1993 Thai Music and Musicians in Contemporary Bangkok. Berkeley: Centers for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University of California at Berkeley.Google Scholar
Nettl, Bruno 1984In Honor of Our Principal Teachers.” Ethnomusicology 28/2:173–85.Google Scholar
2005 The Study of Ethnomusicology: Thirty-one Issues and Concepts. New ed. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. (1st ed. 1983: The Study of Ethnomusicology: Twenty-nine Issues and Concepts.)Google Scholar
Mi-kyung, Park 1998What Is Ethnomusicology in Korea? An Evaluation of Its Current Status.” Tongyang ǔmak 20:6191.Google Scholar
Pegg, Carole 2001Ethnomusicology I: Introduction.” In Sadie 2001: vol. 8, 367–68.Google Scholar
Peretz, Isabelle, and Hyde, Krista L. 2003What Is Specific to Music Processing? Insights from Congenital Amusia.” Trends in Cognitive Science 7/8:362–67.Google Scholar
Kun, Qi 2007 Lishi de chanshi: Shanghai nanhui sizhuyue qingyin de bianqian yanjiu [Interpreting history and place: A study of the evolution of qingyin silk and bamboo music in the southern suburbs of Shanghai]. Shanghai: Shanghai Yinyue Xueyuan Chubanshe [Shanghai Conservatory of Music Publishers].Google Scholar
Rice, Timothy 1997Toward a Mediation of Field Method and Field Experience in Ethnomusicology.” In Barz and Cooley 1997:101–20.Google Scholar
Sadie, Stanley 2001 Ed. New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 2nd ed. 29 vols. London: Macmillan Publishers; New York: Grove's Dictionaries.Google Scholar
Sarkissian, Margaret 2000 D'Albuquerque's Children: Performing Tradition in Malaysia's Portuguese Settlement. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Schechner, Richard 1985 Between Theater and Anthopology. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seeger, Anthony 2004 Why Suyá Sing: A Musical Anthropology of an Amazonian People. 2nd ed. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. (1st ed. 1987).Google Scholar
Seeger, Charles 1977a Studies in Musicology 1935–1975. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press.Google Scholar
1977bIntroduction: Systematic (Synchronic) and Historical (Diachronic) Orientations in Musicology.” In Seeger 1977a:115.Google Scholar
1977cToward a Unitary Field Theory for Musicology.” In Seeger 1977a:102–38.Google Scholar
1977dVersions and Variants of ‘Barbara Allen’ in the Archive of American Song to 1940.” In Seeger 1977a:273320.Google Scholar
Qia, Shen 1996Minzu yinyuexue zai Zhongguo [Ethnomusicology in China]. Zhongguo Yinyuexue [Musicology in China] 3:522.Google Scholar
1999Ethnomusicology in China.” Translated by Jonathan Stock. Journal of Music in China 1/1:736.Google Scholar
Solís, Ted 2004 Ed. Performing Ethnomusicology: Teaching and Representation in World Music Ensembles. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stock, Jonathan P. J., and Chiener, Chou 2008Fieldwork at Home: European and Asian Perspectives.” In Barz and Cooley 2008:108–24.Google Scholar
Stokes, Martin 2001Ethnomusicology IV: Contemporary Theoretical Issues.” In Sadie 2001: vol. 8, 386–95.Google Scholar
Stone, Ruth M. 2002 Ed. The Garland Encyclopedia of Music, Volume 10: The World's Music; General Perspectives and Reference Tools. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Beng, Tan Sooi 1993 Bangsawan: A Social and Stylistic History of Popular Malay Opera. Singapore: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Yating, Tang 1998Xifang minzu yinyuexue sixiang dui zhongguo de yingxiang: Lishi yu xianzhuang de pinggu [The influence of Western music on China: A historical evaluation]. Yinyue Yishu [The art of music] 2/2:2128.Google Scholar
2000Influence of Western Music on China: An Historical Evaluation.” Journal of Music in China 2/2:5372. (Tang Yating's own translation of Tang 1998.)Google Scholar
Tenzer, Michael 2000 Gamelan Gong Kebyar: The Art of Twentieth-century Balinese Music. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Terauchi, Naoko in press “Surface and Deep Structure in the Tωgaku Ensemble of Japanese Court Music (Gagaku).” In Analytical and Cross-Cultural Studies in World Music. 2nd ed., ed. Michael Tenzer and John Roeder. New York and London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Titon, Jeff Todd 1997Knowing Fieldwork.” In Barz and Cooley 1997:87100.Google Scholar
Yosihiko, Tokumaru 2000 L'aspect mélodique de la musique de syamisen. Paris: Peeters-France.Google Scholar
2005Towards a Re-evaluation of Invisible Music Theories.” In Musics, Signs and Intertextuality: Collected Papers, 207–16. Tokyo: Academia Music.Google Scholar
2006Regional Perspectives: The History of Ethnomusicology, from My Retrospective View.” Ethnomusicology 50/2:337–44.Google Scholar
Trimillos, Ricardo D. 2004Subject, Object, and the Ethnomusicology Ensemble: The Ethnomusicological ‘We’ and ‘They.'In Solís 2004:2352.Google Scholar
Tsukada, Kenichi 1988Luvale Perceptions of Mukanda in Discourse and Music.” PhD dissertation (social anthropology), Queen's University of Belfast.Google Scholar
2002Ethnomusicologists at Work: East Asia and North America.” In Stone 2002:2739.Google Scholar
van Zanten, Wim 1989 Sundanese Music in the Cianjuran Style: Anthropological and Musicological Aspects of Tembang Sunda. Dordrecht, the Netherlands, and Providence, RI: Foris Publications.Google Scholar
Washburne, Christopher 2008 Sounding Salsa: Performing Latin Music in New York. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, Sean 2001 The Sound of the Ancestral Ship: Highland Music of West Java. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Witzleben, J. Lawrence 1995 Silk and Bamboo Music in Shanghai: The Jiangnan Sizhu Instrumental Ensemble Tradition. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press.Google Scholar
1997Whose Ethnomusicology? Western Ethnomusicology and the Study of Asian Music.” Ethnomusicology 41/2:220–42.Google Scholar
2004Cultural Interactions in an Asian Context: Chinese and Javanese Ensembles in Hong Kong.” In Solís 2004:138–51.Google Scholar
Wong, Deborah 1999Ethnomusicology in Thailand: The Cultural Politics of Redefinition and Reclamation.” Tongyang ǔmak 21:3976.Google Scholar
2001 Sounding the Center: History and Aesthetics in Thai Buddhist Performance. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
2006Ethnomusicology and Difference.” Ethnomusicology 50/2:259–79.Google Scholar
2008Moving: From Performance to Performative Ethnography and Back Again.” In Barz and Cooley 2008:7689.Google Scholar
Osamu, Yamaguti 1968The Taxonomy of Music in Palau.” Ethnomusicology 12/3:345–51.Google Scholar
Chunwei, Yang 2002 “Shehui bianqian de Guangling qinpai” [A study of qinpai through the Guangling school of qin playing]. PhD dissertation (ethnomusicology), Chinese University of Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Mu, Yang 2003Ethnomusicology with Chinese Characteristics? A Critical Commentary.” Yearbook for Traditional Music 35:138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wah, Yu Siu 2004From Performance to Scholarship: Juggling among Ethnomusicology, Performance and Musicology.” Unpublished manuscript presented at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.Google Scholar
Yung, Bell 1999From Modern Physics to Modern Musicology: Seeger and Beyond.” In Understanding Charles Seeger, Pioneer in American Musicology, ed. Bell Yung and Helen Rees, 172–83. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
2002Ethnomusicologists at Work: East Asia and North America.” In Stone 2002:1726.Google Scholar