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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 October 2015
1 Articles 1(1), 33, 51, United Nations Charter.
2 Institute of Economics and Peace, Global Peace Index Report 2015, available at http://www.visionofhumanity.org. The indicators vary from the number of external and internal conflicts fought and the number of refugees and displaced people as a percentage of the population to the number of jailed population and the internal level of violent crime.
3 For example, UN General Assembly, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 999, p. 171; UN General Assembly, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 16 December 1966, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 993, p. 3; Council of Europe, European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, as Amended by Protocols Nos. 11 and 14, 4 November 1950, ETS 5; Organization of American States (OAS), American Convention on Human Rights, ‘Pact of San Jose’, Costa Rica, 22 November 1969.
4 Antonios Tzanakopoulos, Disobeying the Security Council: Countermeasures against Wrongful Sanctions (Oxford University Press, 2011).
5 Posner, Eric A., ‘Do States Have a Moral Obligation to Obey International Law?’, 55 Stanford Law Review (2003), 1901–1919Google Scholar, p. 1902.
6 Ibid, p. 1916.
7 United Nations, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 23 May 1969, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1155, p. 331.
8 H. L. A. Hart, The Concept of Law (Oxford University Press, 1961), pp. 225–226.
9 Article 38(1), Statute of the International Court of Justice.
10 Article 38(2), Statute of the International Court of Justice.
11 Article 33, United Nations Charter.
12 Louis Henkin, How Nations Behave (2nd edn, Columbia University Press, 1979), p. 47.