Accominotti, O. and Flandreau, M. (2008), ‘Bilateral Treaties and the Most-Favored-Nation Clause: The Myth of Trade Liberalization in the Nineteenth Century’, World Politics, 60 (2): 147–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bhagwati, J. N. (2002), Free Trade Today, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Bairoch, P. (1989), ‘European Trade Policy, 1815–1914’, in Mathias, P. and Pollard, S. (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of Europe – The Industrial Economies: The Development of Economic and Social Policies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Bernstein, W. J. (2008), A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Has Shaped the World, London: Atlantic.Google Scholar

Boughton, J. M. (2001), Silent Revolution: The International Monetary Fund, 1979–1989, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar

Buchan, J. (2006), The Authentic Adam Smith: His Life and Ideas, New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar

Capling, A. (2000), ‘The “enfant terrible”: Australia and the Reconstruction of the Multilateral Trade System, 1946–8’, Australian Economic History Review, 40(1): 1–21.Google Scholar

Capling, A. (2001), Australia and the Global Trade System: From Havana to Seattle, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Cho, S. (2005), ‘A Quest for WTO's Legitimacy’, World Trade Review, 4(3): 391–399.Google Scholar

Cole, G. D. H. (1934), ‘Planning International Trade’, Foreign Affairs, 12: 2.Google Scholar

Curzon, G. and Curzon, V. (1976), ‘The Management of Trade Relations in the GATT’, in Shonfield, A., International Economic Relations of the Western World, 1959–1971, London: Oxford University Press, pp. 143–286.Google Scholar

Dam, K. W. (1970), The GATT: Law and International Economic Organization, Chicago and London: The Univesity of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

de Vries, M. G. and Horsefield, J. K. (eds.) (1969), The International Monetary Fund, 1945–1965: Twenty Years of International Monetary Cooperation, Volume II: Analysis, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar

Dryden, S. (1995), Trade Warriors: USTR and the American Crusade for Free Trade, New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Eglin, R. (1987), ‘Surveillance of Balance-of-Payments Measures in the GATT’, The World Economy, 10(1): 1–26.Google Scholar

Esty, D. C. (2002), ‘The World Trade Organization's Legitimacy Crisis’, World Trade Review, 1(1): 7–22.Google Scholar

Evans, J. W. (1971), The Kennedy Round in American trade Policy: The Twilight of the GATT? Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Gardner, R. N. (1956), Sterling–Dollar Diplomacy: Anglo-American Collaboration in the Reconstruction of Multilateral Trade, Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar

Goldstein, J. L., Rivers, D., and Tomz, M. (2007), ‘Institutions in International Relations: Understanding the Effects of the GATT and the WTO on World Trade’, International Organization, 61(1): 37–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gomes, L. (2003), The Economics and Ideology of Free Trade: An Historical Review, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hart, M. (1998), Fifty Years of Canadian Tradecraft: Canada at the GATT (1947–1997), Ottawa: The Centre for Policy and Law.Google Scholar

Hont, I. (2005), Jealousy of Trade: International Competition and the Nation-State in Historical Perspective, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Horsefield, J. K. (ed.) (1969), The International Monetary Fund, 1945–1965: Twenty Years of International Monetary Cooperation, Volume I: Chronicle, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar

Hudec, R. E. (1987), Developing Countries in the GATT Legal System, London: Trade Policy Research Centre.Google Scholar

Hudec, R. E. (1998), ‘The Role of the GATT Secretariat in the Evolution of the WTO Dispute Settlement Procedure’, in Bhagwati, J. and Hirsch, M. (eds.), The Uruguay Round and Beyond: Essays in Honour of Arthur Dunkel, Heidelberg and New York: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar

Iliasu, A. A. (1971), ‘The Cobden–Chevalier Commercial Treaty of 1860’, The Historical Journal, 14(1): 67–98.Google Scholar

Irwin, D. A., Mavroidis, P. C., and Sykes, A. O. (2008), The Genesis of the GATT, New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jackson, J. H. (1969), World Trade and the Law of GATT: A Legal Analysis of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.Google Scholar

Jackson, J. H. (1990), Restructuring the GATT System, New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press.Google Scholar

Kock, K. (1969), International Trade Policy and the GATT, 1947–1967, Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.Google Scholar

Lampe, M. (2009), ‘Effects of Bilateralism and the MFN Clause on International Trade: Evidence for the Cobden–Chevalier Network, 1860–1875’, The Journal of Economic History, 69(4): 1012–1040.Google Scholar

Lazer, D. (1999), ‘The Free Trade Epidemic of the 1860s and Other Outbreaks of Economic Discrimination’, World Politics, 51(4): 447–483.Google Scholar

Lee, D. (1998), ‘Middle Powers in the Global Economy: British Influence during the Opening Phase of the Kennedy Trade Round Negotiations, 1962–4’, Review of International Studies, 24(4): 515–528.Google Scholar

Lee, D. (1999), Middle powers and commercial diplomacy: British influence at the Kennedy Trade Round, New York: St. Martin's Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lee, D. (2001), ‘Endgame at the Kennedy Round: A Case Study of Multilateral Economic Diplomacy’, Diplomacy and Statecraft, 12(3): 115–138.Google Scholar

Marceau, G. and Hurley, M. (2012), ‘Transparency and Public Participation: A Report Card on WTO Transparency Mechanisms’, Trade, Law and Development, 4: 19–44.Google Scholar

McKenzie, F. (2002), Redefining the Bonds of Commonwealth, 1939–1948, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

McKenzie, F. (2008), ‘GATT and the Cold War: Accession Debates, Institutional Development, and the Western Alliance, 1947–1959’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 10(3): 78–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McKenzie, F. (2010), ‘The GATT–EEC Collision: The Challenge of Regional Trade Blocs to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 1950–67’, The International History Review, 32(2): 229–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McKenzie, F. (2012), ‘Wyndham White, Sir Eric Henry, British Civil Servant and first Executive Secretary (1948–65)/Director-General (1965–68) of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade’, http://www.ru.nl/politicologie/koppeling/reinalda/io-bio-biographical/.Google Scholar

Nordstrom, H. (2005), ‘The World Trade Organization Secretariat in a Changing World’, Journal of World Trade, 39(5): 819–853.Google Scholar

Patterson, G. (1992), ‘The GATT: Categories, Problems and Procedures of Membership’, Columbia Business Law Review, 7(1): 7–18.Google Scholar

Preeg, E. H. (1970), Traders and Diplomats: An Analysis of the Kennedy Round of Negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.Google Scholar

Rose, A. K. (2004a), ‘Do We Really Know that the WTO Increases Trade?’, The American Economic Review, 94(1): 98–114.Google Scholar

Rose, A. K. (2004b), ‘Do WTO Members Have More Liberal Trade Policy?’, Journal of International Economics, 63(2): 209–235.Google Scholar

Schonhardt-Bailey, C. (2006), From the Corn Laws to Free Trade: Interests, Ideas, and Institutions in Historical Perspective, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Scott, J. (2010), ‘Developing Countries in the ITO and GATT Negotiations’, Journal of International Trade Law and Policy, 9(1): 5–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sluga, G. (2011), ‘The Transnational History of International Institutions’, Journal of Global History, 6(2): 219–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, A. (2007 [1776]), An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Hampshire: Harriman House.Google Scholar

Steger, D. P. (2008), ‘Introduction to the Mini-Symposium on Transparency in the WTO’, Journal of International Economic Law, 11(4): 705–715.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Subramanian, A. and Wei, S.-J. (2007), ‘The WTO Promotes Trade, Strongly but Unevenly’, Journal of International Economics, 72(1): 151–175.Google Scholar

Sutherland, P., Bhagwati, J., Botchwey, K., FitzGerald, N., Hamada, K., Jackson, J. H., Lafer, C., and de Montbrial, T. (eds.) (2004), The Future of the WTO: Addressing Institutional Challenges in the New Millennium, Geneva: World Trade Organization.Google Scholar

Tomz, M., Goldstein, J. L., and Rivers, D. (2007), ‘Do We Really Know that the WTO Increases Trade? Comment’, American Economic Review, 97(5): 2005–2018.Google Scholar

Wang, H. (2009), ‘Enhancing Business Participation in Trade Policy-Making: Lessons from China’, in Steger, D. P. (ed.), Redesigning the World Trade Organization for the Twenty-first Century, Ottawa: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.Google Scholar

Wells, S. J. (1965?), Through the Eyes of the GATT: The Speeches and Writings, 1948–1964, Archives, Vol. 57, I, Sussex: WTO Library.Google Scholar

White, E. W. (1957), ‘The Achievements of the GATT’, an address by Mr Eric Wyndham White, Executive Secretary of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, at the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, December 1956, GATT, Geneva.Google Scholar

White, E. W. (1959), ‘International Trade: Challenge and Response’, an address by Mr Eric Wyndham White, Executive Secretary of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, Massachussets, April 1959, GATT, Geneva.Google Scholar

White, E. W. (1960a), ‘Commercial Policies for the Nineteen-Sixties’, an address by Mr Eric Wyndham White, Executive Secretary of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, delivered under the auspices of the Centre italien d'Etudes pour la Réconciliation internationale, Rome, June 1960, GATT, Geneva.Google Scholar

White, E. W. (1960b), ‘Europe in the GATT’, an address by Mr Eric Wyndham White, Executive Secretary of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, delivered under the auspices of Europe House, London, May 1960, GATT, Geneva.Google Scholar

White, E. W. (1960c), ‘Looking Outwards’, an address by Mr Eric Wyndham White, Executive Secretary of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, delivered before the General Export Association of Sweden, Stockholm, April 1960, GATT, Geneva.Google Scholar

White, E. W. (1962), ‘The Changing Framework of International Trade’, an address by Mr Eric Wyndham White, Executive Secretary of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, at the Annual Meeting of the Finnish Foreign Trade Association, Helsinki, 8 May 1962, GATT, Geneva.Google Scholar

White, E. W. (1964), ‘The GATT and Economic Development’, an address by Mr Eric Wyndham White, Executive Secretary of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, at the Fifth SEANZA Central Banking Course, Karachi, early 1964, GATT, Geneva.Google Scholar

White, E. W. (1967), ‘Order in International Trade Relations’, National Provincial Bank Review, 80:1–8.Google Scholar

Wilkinson, Rorden, and James, Scott (2008), ‘Developing Country Participation in the GATT: A Reassessment’, World Trade Review, 7(3): 473–510.Google Scholar

Winham, G. (1979), ‘The Mediation of Multilateral Negotiations’, Journal of World Trade Law, 13(3): 193–208.Google Scholar

Wolfe, R. (2005), ‘Decision-Making and Transparency in the “Medieval” WTO: Does the Sutherland Report Have the Right Prescription’, Journal of International Economic Law, 8(3): 631–645.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

World Trade Organization (2012), World Trade Report 2012: Trade and Public Policies: A Closer Look at Non-Tariff Measures in the 21st Century, Geneva: WTO.Google Scholar

Yi-chong, Xu and Patrick, Weller (2004), The Governance of World Trade: International Civil Servants in the GATT/WTO, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar

Zeiler, Thomas W. (1999), Free Trade Free World: The Advent of GATT, Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar