Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T03:07:37.709Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Vitamin A in the diet of laying hens: enrichment of table eggs to prevent nutritional deficiencies in humans

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 September 2018

H.J.D. LIMA  and
L.A.Z. SOUZA
H.J.D. LIMA*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Zootecnia e Extensão Rural, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brasil
L.A.Z. SOUZA
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brasil
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The concentration of vitamin A in egg yolk is directly related to its inclusion in the diet of laying hens. The vitamin A concentration of the egg yolk is 79 µg/100 g or 263 UI/100 g, and the concentration in 60 g eggs increased from 59 to 75 µg in response to an increase in dietary vitamin A supplementation. Currently, the level of vitamin A recommended for laying hens is 900 UI/day or 9,000 UI/kg feed and 15,000 UI/kg of egg mass. The bioavailability of preformed vitamin A in the egg ranges from 90 to 100%, accounting for about 15% of the daily recommended dietary intake for humans, while bioavailability may vary from 10 to 67%. The table egg is a functional food for humans that can be enriched with vitamin A, and its consumption could be an alternative to prevent and reduce the prevalence of deficiencies, especially in risk groups, such as children and the elderly.

Keywords

carotenoidseggsenrichmentpoultryyolk
Type
Review
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 74 , Issue 4 , December 2018 , pp. 619 - 626
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ADAM, D. (2010) The Nutrient Rich Foods Index helps identify healthy, affordable foods. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 91: 1095-1101.Google Scholar
AGUIAR, M.D.S., ZAFFARI, S. and HÜBSCHER, G.H. (2009) O ovo e sua contribuição na saúde humana. RevistaSaúde e Ambiente 10: 47-55.Google Scholar
AKHTAR, S., AHMED, A., RANDHAWA, M.A., ATUKORALA, S., ARLAPPA, N. ISMAIL, T. and ALI, Z. (2013) Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in South Asia: causes, outcomes, and possible remedies. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition 31: 413.Google Scholar
ANDERSON, K.E. (2013) Comparison of fatty acid, cholesterol, vitamin A and E composition, and trans fats in eggs from brown and white egg strains that were molted or nonmolted. Poultry Science 92: 3259-3265.Google Scholar
BAIRD, F.D., RINGROSE, A.T. and MACMILLAN, M.J. (1939) The Stability of Vitamins A and D in Mixed Feed Ingredients: Part II - Vitamin A. Poultry Science 18: 441-448.Google Scholar
BERTECHINI, A.G. and MAZZUCO, H. (2013) The table egg: a review. Ciência e Agrotecnologia 37: 115-122.Google Scholar
BORTOLOTTI, G.R., NEGRO, J.J., SURAI, P.F. and PRIETO, P. (2003) Carotenoids in eggs and plasma of red-legged partridges: effects of diet and reproductive output. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 76: 367-374.Google Scholar
BRASIL (2013a) O que é a deficiência de vitamina A? in: BRASIL (Ed) Manual de condutas gerais do Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Vitamina A, Vol. 1, pp. 10-22 (Brasília, Ministério da Saúde).Google Scholar
BUSS, N.E., TEMBE, E.A., PRENDERGAST, B.D., RENWICK, A.G. and GEORGE, C.F. (1994) The teratogenic metabolites of vitamin A in women following supplements and liver. Human & Experimental Toxicology 13: 33-43.Google Scholar
CAO, J, WEI, X., TANG, X., JIANG, H., FAN, Z., YU, Q., CHEN, J., LIU, Y. and LI, T. (2013) Effects of egg and vitamin A supplementation on hemoglobin, retinol status and physical growth levels of primary and middle school students in Chongqing, China. Asia Pacific Journal Clinical Nutrition 22: 214-221.Google Scholar
CHEN, F., JIANG, Z., JIANG, S., LI, L., LIN, X., GOU, Z. and FAN, Q. (2015) Dietary vitamin A supplementation improved reproductive performance by regulating ovarian expression of hormone receptors, caspase-3 and Fas in broiler breeders. Poultry Science 95: 30-40.Google Scholar
COLES, B., BIELY, J. and MARCH, B.E. (1970) Vitamin A deficiency and Eimeria acervulina infection in the chick. Poultry Science 49: 1295-1301.Google Scholar
CONAWAY, H.H., HENNING, P. and LERNER, U.H. (2013) Vitamin A metabolism, action, and role in skeletal homeostasis. Endocrine Reviews 34: 766-797.Google Scholar
CORTES, P.L., TIWARY, A.K., PUSCHNER, B., CRESPO, R.M., CHIN, R.P., BLAND, M. and SHIVAPRASAD, H.L. (2006) Vitamin A deficiency in turkey poults. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 18: 489-494.Google Scholar
EL-HACK, M.E.A., MAHROSE, K., ASKAR, A.A., ALAGAWANY, M., ARIF, M., SAEED, M., ABBASI, F., SOOMRO, R.N., SIYAL, F.A. and CHAUDHRY, M.T. (2016) Single and combined impacts of vitamin A and selenium in diet on productive performance, egg quality, and some blood parameters of laying hens during hot season. Biological Trace Element Research 177: 169-179.Google Scholar
FAN, X., LIU, S., LIU, G., ZHAO, J., JIAO, H., WANG, X., SONG, Z. and LIN, H. (2015) Vitamin A deficiency impairs mucin expression and suppresses the mucosal immune function of the respiratory tract in chicks. PloS one 10: e0139131.Google Scholar
FARIAS, P.K.S., SILVA, V.S., SILVEIERA, M.F., CALDEIRA, A.P. and PINHO, L. (2015) Habitual consumption of vitamin A food sources by preschool children in rural areas in Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Revista de Nutrição 28: 533-542.Google Scholar
GARCÍA-DE BLAS, E., MATEO, R. and ALONSO-ALVAREZ, C. (2015) Accumulation of dietary carotenoids, retinoids and tocopherol in the internal tissues of a bird: a hypothesis for the cost of producing colored ornaments. Oecologia 177: 259-271.Google Scholar
GREEN, A.S. and FASCETTI, A.J. (2016) Meeting the vitamin A requirement: the efficacy and importance of β-carotene in animal species. Scientific World Journal 2016: 1-22.Google Scholar
GUO, X., YAN, S., SHI, B. and FENG, Y. (2011) Effect of excessive vitamin a on alkaline phosphatase activity and concentrations of Calcium-binding protein and bone Gla-protein in culture medium and CaBP mRNA expression in osteoblasts of broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 24: 239-245.Google Scholar
HAVIVI, E. and TAL, R. (1973) Phosphatase activity in epiphyseal cartilage of the chicken (Gallus gallus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 46: 709-716.Google Scholar
IDI, A., PERMIN, A., JENSEN, S.K. and MURRELL, K.D. (2007) Effect of a minor vitamin A deficiency on the course of infection with Ascaridiagalli (Schrank, 1788) and the resistance of chickens. Helminthologia 44: 3-9.Google Scholar
İLHAN, M. and BÜLBÜL, T. (2016) Effect of retinol and retinol esters on performance, egg quality, and blood and egg vitamin A levels in laying quais. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 40: 590-597.Google Scholar
KHORAMABADI, V., AKBARI, M.R., KHAJALI, F., NOORANI, H. and RAHMATNEJAD, E. (2014) Influence of xylanase and vitamin A in wheat-based diet on performance, nutrients digestibility, small intestinal morphology and digesta viscosity in broiler chickens. Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences 36: 379-384.Google Scholar
KRALIK, G. and KRALIK, Z. (2017) Poultry products enriched with nutricines have beneficial effects on human health. Medicinski Glasnik 14: 1-7.Google Scholar
LEESON, S. and CASTON, L.J. (2003) Vitamin Enrichment of Eggs. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 12: 24-26.Google Scholar
LIN, H., WANG, L.F., SONG, J.L., XIE, Y.M. and YANG, Q.M. (2002) Effect of dietary supplemental levels of vitamin A on the egg production and immune responses of heat-stressed laying hens. Poultry Science 81: 458-465.Google Scholar
LIU, Y.Q., DAVIS, C.R., SCHMAELZLE, S.T., ROCHEFORD, T., COOK, M.E. and TANUMIHARDJO, S.A. (2012) β-Cryptoxanthinbiofortified maize (Zea mays) increases β-cryptoxanthin concentration and enhances the color of chicken egg yolk. Poultry Science 91: 432-438.Google Scholar
MAKRIDES, M., HAWKES, J.S., NEUMANN, M.A. and GIBSON, R.A. (2002) Nutritional effect of including egg yolk in the weaning diet of breast-fed and formula-fed infants: a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 75: 1084-1092.Google Scholar
MENDONÇA, C.X. (Jr), ALMEIDA, C.R.M., MORI, A.V. and WATANABE, C. (2002) Effect of dietary vitamin A on egg yolk retinol and tocopherol levels. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 11: 373-378.Google Scholar
MORI, A.V., MENDONÇA, C.X., ALMEIDA, C.R.M. and PITA, M.C.G. (2003) Supplementing Hen Diets with Vitamins A and E Affects Egg Yolk Retinol and α-Tocopherol Levels. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 12:106-114.Google Scholar
NABER, E.C. (1993) Modifying vitamin composition of eggs: a review. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 2: 385-393.Google Scholar
NELSON, D.L. and COX, M.M. (2014) Lipídeos, in: NELSON, D.L. & COX, M.M. (Eds) Princípios de bioquímica de Lehninger, Vol. 1, pp. 357-385 (Porto Alegre, Artmed).Google Scholar
NOCKELS, C.F. and PHILLIPS, R.W. (1971) Influence of Vitamin A Deficiency on tissue glycogen metabolism in growing chickens. Poultry Science 50: 174-181.Google Scholar
OLIVEIRA, M.R. (2015) Vitamin A and retinoids as mitochondrial toxicants. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2015: 1-13.Google Scholar
PAREDES, J.R. and GARCIA, T.P. (1959) Vitamin A as a factor affecting fertility in cockerels. Poultry Science 38: 3-7.Google Scholar
REBOUL, E. (2013) Absorption of vitamin A and carotenoids by the enterocyte: focus on transport proteins. Nutrients 5: 3563-3581.Google Scholar
RODRIGUEZ-AMAYA, D.B., KIMURA, M. and AMAYA-FARFAN, J. (2008) Fontes brasileiras ricas em carotenoides, in: CORADIN, L. & POMBO, V.B. (Eds) Fontes brasileiras de carotenóides: tabela brasileira de composição de carotenóides em alimentos, Vol. 1, pp. 26-64 (Brasília, Ministério do Meio Ambiente).Google Scholar
ROSTAGNO, H.S., ALBINO, L.F.T., HANNAS, M.I., DONZELE, J.L., SAKOMURA, N.K., PERAZZO, F.G., SARAIVA, A., TEIXEIRA, M.L., RODRIGUES, P.B., OLIVEIRA, R.F., BARRETO, S.L.T. and BRITO, C.O. (2017) Suplemento de vitaminas e minerais para aves e suínos, in: ROSTAGNO, H.S. (Ed) Tabelas brasileiras para aves e suínos, Vol. 1, pp. 435-440 (Viçosa, Universidade Federal de Viçosa).Google Scholar
RUTZ, F., ANCIUTI, M.A. and MAIER, J.C. (2014) Exigências de vitaminas para aves, in: SAKOMURA, N.K., SILVA, J.H.V., COSTA, F.G.P., FERNANDES, J.B.K. & HAUSCHILD, L. (Eds) Nutrição de não-ruminantes, Vol. 1, pp. 389-403 (Jaboticabal, FUNEP).Google Scholar
SANDJAJA, J.I., JAHARI, A.B., HTET, M.K., TILDEN, R.L., SOEKARJO, D., UTOMO, B. and KORENROMP, E.L. (2015) Vitamin A-fortified cooking oil reduces vitamin A deficiency in infants, young children and women: results from a programme evaluation in Indonesia. Public Health Nutrition 18: 2511-2522.Google Scholar
SHETE, V. and QUADRO, L. (2013) Mammalian metabolism of β-carotene: Gaps in knowledge. Nutrients 5: 4849-4868.Google Scholar
SIRRI, F. and BARROETA, A. (2007) Enrichment in vitamins, in: HUOPALAHTI, R., LÓPEZ-FANDIÑO, R., ANTON, M. & SCHADE, R. (Eds) Bioactive egg compounds, Vol. 1, pp. 171-181 (Berlin: Springer).Google Scholar
SONG, W.O. and KERVER, J.M. (2000) Nutritional contribution of eggs to American diets. The Journal of American College of Nutrition 19: 556S-562S.Google Scholar
SUNDEEN, G., RICHARDS, J.F. and BRAGG, D.B. (1980) The effect of vitamin A deficiency on some postmortem parameters of avian muscle. Poultry Science 59: 2225-2236.Google Scholar
UNICAMP (2011) Banco de dados, in: Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Alimentação - NEPA (Eds) Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos, Vol. 1, pp. 56-57 (Campinas, UNICAMP).Google Scholar
VAN LOO-BOUWMAN, C.A., NABER, T.H.J. and SCHAAFSMA, G. (2014) A review of vitamin A equivalency of β-carotene in various food matrices for human consumption. British Journal of Nutrition 111: 2153-2166.Google Scholar
WEST, K.P. and MEHRA, S. (2010) Vitamin A intake and status in populations facing economic stress. The Journal of Nutrition 140: 201-207.Google Scholar
ZAIGER, G., NUR, T., BARSHACK, I., BERKOVICH, Z., GOLDBERG, I. and REIFEN, R. (2004) Vitamin A exerts its activity at the transcriptional level in the small intestine. European Journal of Nutrition 43: 259-266.Google Scholar
ZANG, H., ZHANG, K., DING, X., BAI, S., HERNÁNDEZ, J.M. and YAO, B. (2011) Effects of different dietary vitamin combinations on the egg quality and vitamin deposition in the whole egg of laying hens. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 13: 189-196.Google Scholar