Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T12:37:21.415Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Variations of geese under domestication

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 March 2019

J. KOZÁK
J. KOZÁK*
Affiliation:
Szent István University, H-2100, Gödöllő, Páter K. u. 1., Hungary
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Man has been in interrelationship with wild water fowl for thousands of years. Yet, in that time, only two species of wild geese have been domesticated (13.3% of all true geese); the Greylag goose (Anser anser) in the fourth millennium B.C. and the swan goose (Anser cygnoides) in the second millennium B.C. From these two species, numerous breeds (181) have been developed. Compared to other domestic animals, the goose has varied less during domestication, aside from a few modifications in appearance, reproductive traits, internal organs and behaviour. It has increased in body weight, and hence became a non-migratory bird. Compare to the greylag goose (gander 2.8-4.1 kg, goose 2.5-3.8 kg body weight), the body weight of the Toulouse gander has increased by 331-421%, and the Toulouse goose by 286-364%. The African goose developed higher body weights (gander by 285-362%, goose by 292-311%) compared to the weight of the swan goose (gander 3.5 kg, goose 2.8-3.5 kg body weight). Conformation traits have changed, whereby the natural grey feather colour has changed to white in some breeds. Furthermore, sexual maturity has accelerated, and prolificacy increased. Egg production of a significant proportion of the European goose breeds has increased by 600-1000% compared to the greylag goose (5-6 eggs/goose). For example, egg production of the Chinese goose has increased by 875-1200% compare to the wild swan goose (5-8 eggs/goose), and the monogamous partnership typical of wild geese has turned into polygamous matings.

Keywords

wild geesedomesticated geesedomesticationchanges of domestication
Type
Review
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 75 , Issue 2 , June 2019 , pp. 247 - 260
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

APPLEBY, M.C., MENCH, J.A. and HUGHES, B.O. (2004) Poultry Behaviour and Welfare. Oxfordshire, Cambridge, CABI Publishing.Google Scholar
ASHTON, C. (1999) Domestic geese. Wiltshire, The Crowood Press.Google Scholar
BOGENFÜRST, F. (1992) Lúdtenyésztők kézikönyve. [Handbook of Goose Breeders]. Budapest, Új Nap Lap- és Könyvkiadó.Google Scholar
BOGENFÜRST, F. (2000) Lúdtenyésztés. [Goose breeding], in: HORN, P. (szerk.): Állattenyésztés 2. Baromfi, haszongalamb. [HORN, P. (Ed.) Animal Breeding. Vol. 2 Poultry, Pigeon]. pp. 225-280 (Budapest, Gazda Kiadó).Google Scholar
BÖGRE, J. (1981) Lúdtenyésztés. [Goose breeding]. in: HORN, P. (szerk.), Baromfitenyésztők kézikönyve. [HORN, P. (Ed.) Handbook of Poultry Breeders]. pp. 559-625 (Budapest, Mezőgazdasági Kiadó).Google Scholar
BÖGRE, J. and BOGENFÜRST, F. (1971) A 0-12 hetes növendékludak tollazatának testtájanként fejlődése és a fejlődés szakaszos jellege. [Feathers-development of 0-12 week-old young geese by body parts and the periodical character of development]. Baromfiipar, [ Poultry Industry] 18 (3): 109-120.Google Scholar
BUCKLAND, R. and GUY, G. (2002) Goose production systems. In Goose production. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper - 154. 1-89. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
CALLAGHAN, D. (2005) Swan Goose Anser cygnoides, in: KEAR, J. (Ed.) Bird Families of the World Duck, Geese and Swans, pp. 263-266 (Oxford: University Press).Google Scholar
CAMIRUAGA-LABATUT, M. (2002) Goose production in Chile and South America. In Goose production. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper - 154. 94-109. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
CRAWFORD, R.D. (1984) Goose, in: MASON, I.L. (Ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals, pp. 345-349 (London and New York: Longman-Group Limited).Google Scholar
CRAWFORD, R.D. (1993) Origin and history of poultry species, in: CRAWFORD, R.D. (Ed.) Poultry Breeding and Genetics, pp. 1-41 (Amsterdam, Oxford, New York, Tokyo, Elsevier).Google Scholar
CRAWFORD, R.D. (1995) Origin, History, and Distribution of Commercial Poultry, in: HUNTON, P. (Ed.) Poultry Production, pp. 1-21 (Amsterdam, Lausanne, New York, Oxford, Shannon, Tokyo, Elsevier).Google Scholar
DARWIN, CH. (1959) Az állatok és növények változásai háziasításuk során. I. kötet. Darwin válogatott művei. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. [Charles Darwin (1885) The variation of animal and plants under domestication. Vol. I. Second edition, revised. London: John Murray]Google Scholar
DAVIES, G. (2005) Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiacus, in: KEAR, J. (Ed.) Bird Families of the World. Duck, Geese and Swans, Vol. 1. pp. 401-407 (Oxford, University Press).Google Scholar
EBINGER, P. and LÖHMER, R. (1987) A volumentic comparison of brains between greyland geese (Anser anser L.) and domestic geese. Journal für Hirnforschung 28: 291-299.Google Scholar
ELLIS, M. (1984) Canary, Bengalese and zebra finch, in: MANSON, I.L. (Ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals, pp. 357-360 (London and New York: Longman Group Limited).Google Scholar
ENSMINGER, M.E. (1992) Poultry Science (Animal Agriculture Series). Danville, Illinois, In-terstate Publishers, Inc.Google Scholar
GUÉMENÉ, D., GUY, G., SERVIÉRE, J. and FAURE, J.M. (2002) Force feeding: An examination of available scientific evidence. 1-6.pp. http://www.artisanfarmers.org/image/Foie_Gras_Study_by_Dr._Guemenee.pdf [Accessed: 2010.06.01].Google Scholar
GUÉMENÉ, D., SHI, Z.D. and GUY, G. (2012) Production Systems for Waterfowl, in: SANDILANDS, V. & HOCKING, P.H. (Eds) Alternative Systems for Poultry - Health, Welfare and Productivity, Poultry Science Symposium Series Volume Thirty. pp. 128-154 (Oxfordshire, Cambridge, CAB International).Google Scholar
HAWES, R.O. (1993) Mutations and major variants in Geese, in: CRAWFORD, R.D. (Ed.) Poultry Breeding and Genetics, pp. 395-427 (Amsterdam, Oxford, New York, Tokyo, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.).Google Scholar
HAWKINS, P. (2001) Laboratory birds: refinements in husbandry and procedures. Laboratory Animals 35 (Suppl. 1.): 1-163.Google Scholar
HEIKKINEN, M. (2017) The domestication history of the European goose. A genomic perspective. Acta Universitas Ouluensis. A Scientiae Rerum Naturalium 692. pp. 1-50. Oulu, University of Oulus.Google Scholar
HÉJJA, S. (1984) Ha lúd, legyen kövér! [If it is a goose, it should be fat] (Budapest, Mezőgazdasági Kiadó).Google Scholar
HOLDERREAD, D. (1993) The book of geese: a complete guide to raising the home flock. Corvallis, Oregon, The Hen House.Google Scholar
HUANG, J.F., PINGEL, H., GUY, G., ŁUKASZEWICZ, E., BAÉZA, E. and WANG, S.D. (2012) A century of progress in waterfowl production, and a history of the WPSA Waterfowl Working Group. World's Poultry Science Journal 68: 551-563.Google Scholar
HUGO, S. (1995) Geese: the underestimated species. World Animal Review 83 (2): 64-67.Google Scholar
KEAR, J. (2005) Introduction, in: KEAR, J. (Ed.) Bird Families of the World. Duck, Geese and Swans, Volume 1. pp. 7-13 (Oxford, University Press).Google Scholar
KOZÁK, J. (1999) Magyarország baromfigazdasága és szabályozó rendszerének EU-konfor-mitása. (Baromfitartás, piacszabályozás, állatvédelem). [Poultry Industry of Hungary and its EU-conform Regulation. (Technologies, market regulation and animal welfare)] (Budapest, Agroinform Kiadó).Google Scholar
KOZÁK, J. (2006) Baromfitenyésztés [Poultry Breeding], in: KOZÁK, J. (Ed.) Állattenyésztés. [Animal Breeding], pp. 117-153 (Debrecen, Debreceni Egyetem Agrártudományi Centrum).Google Scholar
KOZÁK, J. and MONOSTORI, I.-NÉ. (1992) Adalékok a ludak tépéséhez. [Contribution on feather plucking of geese]. Baromfitenyésztés és Feldolgozás 39 (1): 21-28.Google Scholar
MAGYARI, A. (1971) A magyarországi lúdtenyésztés néhány tapasztalata. [Some experience detail of the Hungarian goose breeding] Baromfiipar 17 (11): 503-509.Google Scholar
MATOLCSI, J. (1975) A háziállatok eredete. [Original of domestic animals]. (Budapest, Mezőgazdasági Kiadó).Google Scholar
MÉNESI, J., SZEKÉR, I. and TAKÁTS, K. (1965) Baromfitoll. [The Poultry Feather]. (Budapest, Műszaki Könyvkiadó).Google Scholar
MCFARLAN, D. (1992) Guinness rekordok könyve ‘92. (Budapest, Solaris Kft.)Google Scholar
MUELLER, R., PINGEL, K., EINSPANIER, A., GOTTSCHALK, J. and WAEHNER, M. (2013) A tollazat növekedése és a részleges vedlés. [The growth of the feather and the moulting] Baromfiágazat 13 (2): 40-45.Google Scholar
NYELAND, J. (2005) Greyland Goose Anser Anser, in: KEAR, J. (Ed.) Bird Families of the World Duck, Geese and Swans, pp. 276-280 (Oxford, University Press).Google Scholar
OWEN, M. (1980) Wild Geese of the world. Their life history and ecology. (London, BT Batsford Ltd).Google Scholar
PINGEL, H. (2000) Enten und Gänse. (Stuttgart, Hohenheim, Ulmer).Google Scholar
RAUCH, H-W., PINGEL, H. and BILSING, A. (1993) Welfare of waterfowl, in: SAVORY, C.J. & HUGHS, B.O. (Eds) Proceedings of the 4th European Symposium on Poultry Welfare. Potters Bar Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. Edinburgh, pp. 139-147.Google Scholar
RIDDELL, W.H. (1943) The Domestic Goose. Antiquity 17 (67): 148-155.Google Scholar
RISCHKOWSKY, B. and PILLING, D. (2007) The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome, Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.Google Scholar
ROBERTS, M. (1991) Ducks and geese at home. The Gold Cockerel Series. Kennerleigh: Domestic Fowl Research.Google Scholar
ROBERTS, V. (2008) British Poultry Standards. Six edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
RUTSCHKE, E. (1997) Wildgänse. Lebensweise-Schute-Nutzung. Berlin: Parey Buchverlag.Google Scholar
SCHNEIDER, K.-H. (1991) Studie zum Lebendraufen von Gänsen. (Lepzig. Schreib-maschinen-Manuskript) 1-13.Google Scholar
SCHNEIDER, K.-H. (1995) Gänse. Eine Anleitung über ihre Zucht, Haltung, Fütterung und Nut-zung. Berlin, Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin GmbH.Google Scholar
SCOTT, P. (1980) Wild Geese of the World. Their Life history and ecology. First Published London, B.T. Batsford Ltd.Google Scholar
SERJEANTSON, D. (2002) Goose husbandry in Medieval England, and the problem of ageing goose bones. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 45 (special issue): 39-54.Google Scholar
STROMBERG, L. (1996) Poultry of the World. Ontario, Canada: D.W. Frieson and Sons Ltd.Google Scholar
SZALAY, I. (2002) Régi magyar baromfifajták. [Old Hungarian Poultry]. Budapest, Mezőgazda Kiadó.Google Scholar
TÓTH, P. (1956) A baromfitenyésztés kézikönyve. [Book of poultry breeding] Budapest, Mezőgazdasági Kiadó.Google Scholar