Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T23:55:05.311Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) as an alternative protein source in broiler feed

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 June 2018

M.E. ABD EL-HACK Open the ORCID record for M.E. ABD EL-HACK [Opens in a new window] ,
A.A. SWELUM ,
M.A. ABDEL-LATIF ,
D. MÁS TORO  and
M. ARIF
M.E. ABD EL-HACK*
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
A.A. SWELUM
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
M.A. ABDEL-LATIF
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
D. MÁS TORO
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Natural Science, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias s/n Juriquilla, Delegación Santa Rosa Jáuregui, C.P. 76230. Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
M. ARIF
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Pigeon pea (PP), Cajanus cajan, is a plant that is cultivated for human food and animal feed. It exists as a wide range of cultivars, and their flexibility for use in animal rearing systems have made PP popular, especially for small-scale farmers. PP is grown widely in India and in parts of Africa and Central America. The main producers of PP in the world are India, Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Malawi, Ethiopia, Mozambique, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, the West Indies in the Caribbean and Latin America region, Indonesia and the Philippines and Australia. Analysis has shown that PP contains 17.9-24.3% crude protein (CP) in whole grain, and 21.1-28.1% in split seeds, and high protein genotypes contain 32.5%. Optimal levels of utilisation have been shown to improve broiler performance and may reduce daily feed cost. However, PP contains anti-nutritional factors that negatively affect feed efficiency. The use of processing methods such as fermentation, boiling, milling, soaking, and roasting can minimise any harmful effects and improve its nutritive quality, positively enhancing performance parameters. Studies on the use of PP suggested that it can be included at 7.5% of the diet or as 50% substitution for soybean meal in broiler diets.

Keywords

Cajanus cajanbroilerperformancefeedinganti-nutritional factors
Type
Review
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 74 , Issue 3 , September 2018 , pp. 541 - 548
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ABDULLA, J.M., ROSE, S.P., MACKENZIE, A.M. and PIRGOZLIEV, V.R. (2017) Feeding value of field beans (Vicia faba L. var. minor) with and without enzyme containing tannase, pectinase and xylanase activities for broilers. Archives of Animal Nutrition 71: 150-164.Google Scholar
AHMED, B.H., ABDEL ATI, K.A. and ELAWAD, S.M. (2006) Effect of feeding different levels of soaked pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seeds on broiler chickens performance and profitability. Research Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 1: 1-4.Google Scholar
AJA, P.M., ALUM, E.U., EZEANI, N.N., NWALI, B.U. and EDWIN, N. (2015) Comparative phytochemical composition of Cajanus cajan leaf and seed. Journal of Microbiological Research 6: 42-46.Google Scholar
AKANDE, K.E., ABUBAKAR, M.M., ADEGBOLA, T.A., BOGORO, S.E. and DOMA, U.D. (2010) Chemical evaluation of the nutritive quality of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp]. International Journal of Poultry Science 9: 63-65.Google Scholar
AL-SAEEDI, A.H. and HOSSAIN, M.A. (2015) Total phenols, total flavonoids contents and free radical scavenging activity of seeds crude extracts of pigeon pea traditionally used in Oman for the treatment of several chronic diseases. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 5: 316-321.Google Scholar
AMAEFULE, K.U. and NWAGEHARA, N.N. (2004) The effect of processing on the utilisation of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed meal and pigeon pea seed meal based diets by pullets. International Journal of Poultry Science 3: 543-546.Google Scholar
AMAEFULE, K.U., OJEWOLA, G.S. and IRONKWE, M.C. (2006) Inclusion level and prolonged feeding of raw or processed pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed meal as protein source for pullets. International Journal of Poultry Science 4: 289-295.Google Scholar
AMAEFULE, K.U., UKPANAH, U.A. and IBOK, A.E. (2011) Performance of starter broilers fed raw pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] seed meal diets supplemented with lysine and or methionine. International Journal of Poultry Science 10: 205-211.Google Scholar
ANI, A.O. and OKEKE, G.C. (2011) The performance of broiler birds fed varying levels of roasted pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed meal. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 10: 1036-1040.Google Scholar
ARIF, M., REHMAN, A., SAEED, M., ABD EL-HACK, M.E., ALAGAWANY, M., ABBAS, H., ARIAN, M.A., FAZLANI, S.A., ABBASI, I.H.R. and AYAȘAN, T. (2017) Effect of different processing methods of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) on growth performance, carcass traits, and blood biochemical and hematological parameters of broiler chickens. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 41: 38-45.Google Scholar
BAMIDELE, O.P. and AKANBI, C.T. (2015) Effect of gamma irradiation on amino acids profile, minerals and some vitamins content in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) flour. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 5: 90-98.Google Scholar
CASTILLO, A.D., GALLO, S.M.H., PERALTA, R.C. and SOLIS, T. (2016) Economic analysis and carcasses quality of broiler chickens, fed with Cajanus cajan. Global Advanced Research Journal of Agricultural Science 5: 008-013.Google Scholar
DAI, F.J., HSU, W.H., HUANG, J.J. and Wu, S.C. (2013) Effect of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) on high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in hamsters. Food and Chemical Toxicology 53: 384-391.Google Scholar
ELSAYED, E.O., OMER, R.E. and EL-NAIM, A.M. (2014) Some quality aspects and proximate composition of some legumes in Sudan. Advanced Environmental Biology 8: 770-774.Google Scholar
EMEFIENE, M.E., JOSHUA, V.I., NWADIKE, C., YAROSON, A.Y. and ZWALNAN, N.D.E. (2014) Profitability analysis of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) production in Riyom LGA of Plateau State. International Letters of Natural Sciences 13:73-88.Google Scholar
GANZON-NARET, E.S. (2014) Evaluation of graded levels of cooked pigeon pea seed meal (Cajanus cajan) on the performance and carcass composition of Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer). Animal Biology & Animal Husbandry 6: 1-9.Google Scholar
GEMEDE, H.F. and RATTA, N. (2014) Antinutritional factors in plant foods: Potential health benefits and adverse effects. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences 3: 284-289.Google Scholar
IGENE, F.U., ISIKA, M.A., OBON, S.O., EKUNDAYO, D.A., AMAEFULE, U., UKPANAH, U.A. and IBOK, A.E. (2012) Replacement value of boiled pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan) on growth performance, carcass and haematological responses of broiler chickens. Asian Journal of Poultry Science 6: 1-9.Google Scholar
JAMBUNATHAN, R., HALL, S.D., SUDHIR, P., RAJAN, V. and SADHANA, V. (1991) Uses of Tropical Grain Legumes. Proceedings of a Consultants Meeting 27-30 Mar 1989.Google Scholar
KHOURY, C.K., CASTAÑEDA-ALVAREZ, N.P., ACHICANOY, H.A., SOSA, C.C., BERNAU, V., KASSA, M.T. and JARVIS, A. (2015) Crop wild relatives of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]: Distributions, ex situ conservation status, and potential genetic resources for abiotic stress tolerance. Biological Conservation 184: 259-270.Google Scholar
LÜSCHER, A., MUELLER-HARVEY, I., SOUSSANA, J.F., REES, R.M. and PEYRAUD, J.L. (2014) Potential of legume-based grassland-livestock systems in Europe: a review. Grass Forage Science 69: 206-228.Google Scholar
NARINA, S.S., PHATAK, S.C. and BHARDWAJ, H.L. (2014) Chlorophyll fluorescence to evaluate pigeonpea breeding lines and mungbean for drought tolerance. Journal of Agricultural Science 6: 238-246.Google Scholar
ODEKU, O.A. (2013) Potentials of tropical starches as pharmaceutical excipients: a review. Starch/Stärke 65: 89-106.Google Scholar
OGBU, N.N., OGBU, C.C. and OKORIE, A.U. (2015) Haematological indices of broiler chickens fed raw and processed pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan) seed meal. The Journal of Animal Production Advances 5: 711-717.Google Scholar
RANI, S., JOOD, S. and SEHGAL, S. (1996) Cultivar differences and effect of pigeon pea seeds boiling on trypsin inhibitor activity and in vitro digestibility of protein and starch . Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 40: 145-146.Google Scholar
SANTHANAM, S.R. and EGIGU, M.C. (2014) Field evaluation of a botanical formulation from the milky mangrove Excoecaria agallocha L. against Helicoverpa armigera Hübner. in Abelmoschus esculentus (lady's finger) and Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea). Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 7: 171-176.Google Scholar
SWATHI, M., LOKYA, V., SWAROOP, V., MALLIKARJUNA, N., KANNAN, M., DUTTA-GUPTA, A. and PADMASREE, K. (2014) Structural and functional characterisation of proteinase inhibitors from seeds of Cajanus cajan. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 83: 77-87.Google Scholar
TANGTAWEEWIPAT, S. and ELLIOTT, R. (1989) Nutritional value of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) meal in poultry diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 25: 123-135.Google Scholar
TEKALE, S.S., JAIWAL, B.V. and PADUL, M.V. (2016) Identification of metabolites from an active fraction of Cajanus cajan seeds by high resolution mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry 211: 763-769.Google Scholar
TUSAR, M.A., ALI, M.S., DAS, S.C., ALAM, M.S., MATIN, M.A., SUFIAN, M.K.N.B. and PAUL, R.C. (2015) Growth performance of broiler after inclusion of Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed as an unconventional feed ingredient in diets. Wayamba Journal of Animal Science 7: 1223-1231.Google Scholar
UWANGBAOJE, L.O. (2012) The mineral and phytochemical analysis of the leaves of Senna alata and Cajanus cajan and their medicinal value. International Journal of Microbiology and Allied Sciences 1: 1-11.Google Scholar
WISANIYASA, N.W., SUTER, I.K., MARSONO, Y. and PUTRA, I.K. (2015) Germination effect on functional properties and antitrypsin activities of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) sprout flour. Food Science and Quality Management 43: 79-83.Google Scholar