Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T09:02:19.390Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Feed resources and chicken production in Ethiopia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 July 2012

MAMMO MENGESHA
MAMMO MENGESHA*
Affiliation:
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, PO Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Chicken production scenarios, feedstuff resources, and experience of using alternative ingredients were reviewed with the aim of improving chicken production in Ethiopia. The common production systems used for chicken production in Ethiopia are traditional, extensive types. There is a high demand for protein foods, particularly those from poultry in this country. However, the performance of chickens in Ethiopia is poor and consequently the demand for chicken products is not met. This sector is characterised by insufficient levels of co-ordination, little or no specialisation or vertical-integration. Issues with feed are the main factors contributing to reduced chicken productivity, subsequently discouraging chicken producers. Moreover, the recent feed price increment is upsetting many plans for further development of poultry production in this country. Consequently, poultry populations and the per capita consumption of eggs and poultry meat in Ethiopia have been declining. Furthermore, the competition between food and feed is expected to further increase the feed price, forcing producers to look for alternative feeds and locally available feeds for their birds. Possibilities to improve the utilisation of by-products for poultry feed must be reviewed for poultry producers. It is concluded that headway options for alternative feed sources to improve the productivity of chickens in Ethiopia must be explored to alleviate some of the problems seen in this industry.

Keywords

chicken productionfeed resourcesfeed-ingredientsfood and feed competition
Type
Small-Scale Family Poultry Production
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 68 , Issue 3 , September 2012 , pp. 491 - 502
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ABEDULLAH, , MAQBOOL, A. and BUKHSH, K. (2007) Issues and Economics of Poultry Production: A Case Study of Faisalabad. Pakistan. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 27(1): 25-28.Google Scholar
ADENIJI, A.A. (2007) Effect of Replacing Groundnut Cake with Maggot Meal in the Diet of Broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science 6(11): 822-825. Nigeria.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ADEYEMO, G.O. and LONGE, O.G. (2007) Effects of graded levels of cottonseed cake on performance, haematological and carcass characteristics of broilers fed from day old to 8 weeks of age. African Journal of Biotechnology 6(8): 1064-1071.Google Scholar
ALEMU YAMI, (1995) Poultry production in Ethiopia. World's Poultry Science Journal 51: 197-201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ALEMU YAMI, and TADELLE DESSIE, (1997) The Status of Poultry Research and Development in Ethiopia. Fifth National Conference of Ethiopian Society of Animal production (ESAP), pages 40- 60, 15-17 May 1997, Addis Ababa Ethiopia.Google Scholar
ANI, A.O. (2008) The Feeding Value of Processed Velvet Bean (Mucuna Pruriens) for Pullet Chicks. Agro-Science Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Food, Environment and Extension 7(2): 149-155.Google Scholar
BECKER, G.S. (2004) Animal Rendering: Economics and Policy. Congressional Research Service report for Congress. Order Code RS21771. 7Pp. http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS. USA.Google Scholar
BRANCKAERT, R.D.S., GAVIRIA, L., JALLADE, J. and SEIDERS, R.W. (2000) Transfer of technology in poultry production for developing countries. Paper XXI World Poultry Congress, Montreal, Canada, 20-24 August, 2000.Google Scholar
BRATTE, (2011) Effects of partial replacements of Dietary maize with African peer seed meal on the performances, nutrient digestibility and retention of broilers in the humid Tropics. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences 5(2): 127-135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BRENES, A., GUENTER, W., MARQUARDT, R.R. and ROTTER, B.A. (1993) Effect of β-glucanase/pentosanase enzyme supplementation on the performance of chickens and laying hens fed wheat, barley, naked oats and rye diets. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 73(4): 941-951.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BROZ, J. and WARD, N.E. (2007) The Role of Vitamins and Feed Enzymes in Combating Metabolic Challenges and Disorders. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 16: 150-159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CHAUYNARONG, N., ELANGOVAN A.V., and IJI, P.A. (2009) the Potential of Cassava Products in Diets for Poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal 65: 23-36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CHEN, J., LU, T. and HAN, Z. (1997) Poultry Production in China and The potential for Using Enzyme Preparations. Enzymes in Poultry and Swine Nutritionm in: MARQUARDT, R.R. & HAN, Z. (Eds), Proceedings of the First Chinese Symposium on Feed Enzymes, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, 6–8 May 1996, pp. 1-5.Google Scholar
CLARKE, M. (2010) Poultry Industries Research, Development and Extension Strategy. A national assessment of capabilities to ensure innovation that improves productivity and delivers public good outcomes. A report for Australian Government: rural industries research and development corporate, egg corporate limited. 39 Pp. Australia.Google Scholar
CLEVENGER, T.E. (1990) Safety and Efficacy of Food Processing Sludges as Animal Feed: Chemical Characterization. Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 62(6): 820-827.Google Scholar
COSTA, N.D. (2009) Climate Change: Implications for Water Utilization in Animal Agriculture and Poultry, in Particular. Australia Poultry Sciences Symposium. 20th Annual Australian Poultry Science Symposium Sydney, New South Wales. 9-11th February 2009. University of Sydney, Australia.Google Scholar
CRICKENBERGERA, R.G. and CARAWAN, R.E. (1996) Using Food Processing By-Products for Animal Feed Published by: North Carolina Cooperative-Extension Service. Publication Number: CD-37.North-Carolina. Retrieved on 28 October 2011. http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/.Google Scholar
CRUZ, P.S. (1997) Aquaculture Feed and Fertilizer Resource Atlas of the Philippines. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 366. FAO. Rome Italy. Accessed on 25 October, 2011. http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/W6928E/.Google Scholar
CSA (CENTRAL STATISTICAL AUTHORITY), (2005) Agricultural Sample Survey 2004/05. Volume II. Report on Livestock and livestock characteristics. Statistical Bulletin 331. CSA. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
CSA (CENTRAL STATISTICAL AUTHORITY), (2007) Agricultural Sample Survey 2006/07. Volume II. Report on Livestock and livestock characteristics. Statistical Bulletin. CSA. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
DIARRA, S.S., SALEH, B., KWARI, I.D. and IGWEBUIKE, J.U. (2011) Evaluation of Boiled Mango Kernel Meal as Energy Source By Broiler Chickens in the Semi-Arid Zone of Nigeria. International Journal of Sciences and Nature 2(2): 270-274.Google Scholar
ENGBERG, R.M., HAMMERSHØJ, M., JOHANSEN, N.F., ABOUSEKKEN, M.S., STEENFELDT, S. and JENSEN, B.B. (2009) Fermented feed for laying hens: effects on egg production, egg quality, plumage condition and composition and activity of the intestinal microflora. British Poultry Science 50(2): 228-39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
EZIESHI, E.V. and OLOMU, J.M. (2008) Biochemical Evaluation of Millet Offal as Feeds for Broiler Chickens. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 7(3): 421-425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FAO, (2003a) Poultry Nutrition and Feeds. Animal production and health Division. A world without hanger. FAO, Accessed on 30 October 2011. Rome, Italy. http://www.fao.org/ag/.Google Scholar
FAO, (2003b) Fisheries and Aquaculture. Department of Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles-Ethiopia. FAO. Rome, Italy. Accessed on 26 October, 2011. http://www.fao.org/fi/oldsite/FCP/.Google Scholar
FAO, (2008) Animal Production and Health Division, Emergency Centre for Trans-boundary Animal Diseases Socio Economics, Production and Biodiversity Unit: Poultry Sector Country Review. Eastern Africa. An Analysis of the Poultry Sector in Ethiopia. FAO, Rome, Italy.Google Scholar
FAO, (2009) Report of the FAO Expert Meeting on How to Feed the World in 2050. FAO. Economic and Social Development Department. 23 Pp. 24-26 June 2009. Rome, Italy. Accessed on 29 October, 2011. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/012/ak542e/ak542e19.pdf.Google Scholar
FAO, (2010) the State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2010. 218 Pp. FAO. Accessed on 28 October, 2011. http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1820e/i1820e.pdfGoogle Scholar
FAO, (2011) Poultry and Human Health. Animal production and health division. Agriculture and consumer protection Departments. FAO. Accessed on 27 October 2011. Rome, Italy. http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/themes/.Google Scholar
FERNANDO GUILHERME COSTA, , OLIVEIRA, C.F.S., GOULART, C.C., FIGUEIREDO, D.F. and NETO, R.C.L. (2008) Use of Exogenous Enzymes on Laying Hens Feeding During the Second Production Cycle. International Journal of Poultry Science 7(4): 333-338.Google Scholar
FORSIDO, T. (1986) Studies on meat production potential of some local strains of chicken in Ethiopia. PhD Thesis, J L Giessen University. Germany.Google Scholar
GHADGE, V.N., UPASE, B.T. and PATIL, P.V. (2009) Effect of Replacing Groundnut Cake by Soybean Meal on Performance of Broilers. Veterinary World 2(5): 183-184Google Scholar
GRACE, I.C., SAMUEL, O. and CHRISTOPHER, I. (2007) Effect of the Replacement of Maize with Wheat Offal in Broiler Finisher Diets on Growth Performance and Feed Cost. Journal of central European Agriculture 8(1): 33-38.Google Scholar
GURA, S. (2008) Industrial livestock production and its impact on smallholders in developing countries. Consultancy report to the League for Pastoral Peoples and Endogenous Livestock Development: 65 PP. Germany. www.pastoralpeoples.org.Google Scholar
HAMILTON, C.R. (2002) Real and perceived issues involving animal proteins. In: FAO. “Protein Sources for the Animal Feed Industry”. Expert Consultation and Workshop, Bangkok, 29/04 to 03/05. http://www.poultryhub.org/bird.Google Scholar
HERMES, J.C. and JOHNSON, R.C. (2004) Effects of Feeding Various levels of Triticale var. Bogo in the Diet of Broiler and Layer Chickens, 2004. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 13: 667-672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ILCA (INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK CENTER FOR AFRICA), (1993) (1-35) Annual report program ILCA. 98Pp. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
IYAYI, E.A. and ADEROLU, Z.A. (2004) Enhancement of the feeding value of some agroindustrial by-products for laying hens after their solid state fermentation with Trichoderma viride. African Journal of Biotechnology 3(3): 182-185.Google Scholar
KITALYI, A.J. (1998) Village chicken production systems in rural Africa. House-holds food and gender issues. Animal Production and Health paper 142. 81pp. FAO: Rome, Italy http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/w8989e/w8989e00.htm.Google Scholar
LE HONG SON, , NINH THI LEN, and DAO DUC KIEN, (2008) Effect of replacement of rice bran with cassava residue meal on the growth and reproductive performance of Luong phuong chickens. Proceedings MEKARN Regional Conference 2007: Matching Livestock Systems with Available Resources: Reg Preston and Brian Ogle (ed). Halong Bay, Vietnam, 25-28 November 2007 http://www.mekarn.org/prohan/son_niah.htm.Google Scholar
MAGDELAINE, P., SPIESS, M.P. and VALCESCHINI, E. (2008) Poultry Meat Consumption Trends in Europe. World's Poultry Science Journal 64: 53-64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MAPHOSA, T., GUNDUZA, K.T., KUSINA. J., and MUTUNGAMIRI, A. (2003) Evaluation of sweet potato tuber (Ipomea batatas l.) as a feed ingredient in broiler chicken diets. Livestock Research for Rural Development 15 (1)http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd15/1/maph151.htm.Google Scholar
MARKS, H.L. (1991) Feed efficiency changes accompanying selection for body weight in chickens and quail. World's Poultry Science Journal 47: 197-212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MARQUARDT, R.R. (2000) Recommendations for future research on the use of enzymes in animal feeds. Ronald Marquardt, R. and Zhengkang Han ed. Enzymes in Poultry and Swine Nutrition. Proceedings of the First Chinese Symposium on Feed Enzymes. 6–8 May 1996, China.Google Scholar
MENGESHA, M. and ABDA, S. (2010) Performances of Broilers Fed Selected Energy Source Feeds. Research Journal of poultry sciences 3(3): 54-57.Google Scholar
NOLLET, L., VAN DER KLIS, J.D., LENSING, M. and SPRING, P. (2007) The Effect of Replacing Inorganic with Organic Trace Minerals in Broiler Diets on Productive Performance and Mineral Excretion. Journal of applied Poultry Research 16: 592-597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OFFICER, D.I. (2000) Farm Animal Metabolism and Nutrition, in: D'MELLO, J.P.F. (Ed.) Feed Enzymes, Chapter 19, pp. 405-425, NSW Agriculture, Agricultural Research and Advisory Station, Grafton, NSW, Australia (CAB International).Google Scholar
OLUREMI, O.I.A, MOU, P.M. and ADENKOLA, A.Y. (2008) Effect of fermentation of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit peel on its maize replacement value in broiler diet. Livestock Research for Rural Development 20: Article #20. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd20/2/olur20020.htm.Google Scholar
POPKIN, B.M. (2009) Reducing Meat Consumption Has Multiple Benefits for the World's Health. Archives of Internal Medicine 169(6): 543-545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PRESTON, T.R. (1992) Alternative non-cereal diets for poultry. Livestock Research for Rural Development 4, # 3, http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd4/3/preston.htm.Google Scholar
RAVINDRAN, V. and BLAIR, R. (1992) Feed resources for poultry production in Asia and the Pacific II. Plant protein sources. World's Poultry Sciences Journal 48: 205-231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
RUSHTON, J., VISCARRA, R., GUERNE BLEICH, E. and MCLEOD, A. (2004) Impact of avian influenza outbreaks in the poultry sectors of five South East Asian countries (Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Thailand, VietNam) outbreak costs, responses and potential long term control. 25Pp. FAO. Rome, Italy.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAROEUN, K., OGLE, B., PRESTON, T.R. and BORIN, K. (2010) Feed selection and growth performance of local chickens offered different carbohydrate sources in fresh and dried form supplemented with protein-rich forages. Livestock Research for Rural Development 22: Article #225. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd22/12/saro22225.htm.Google Scholar
SCHIAVONE, A., GUO, K., TASSONE, S., GASCO, L., HERNANDEZ, E., DENTI, R. and ZOCCARATO, I. (2007) Effects of a Natural Extract of Chestnut Wood on Digestibility, Performance Traits, and Nitrogen Balance of Broiler Chicks. Poultry Science 87: 521-527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SHAFEY, T.M., ALODAN AL-BATSHAN, M.A., ABOUHEIF, M.A., ALAMRI, M.S. and AL-RUQAIE, I.M. (2011) Performance, Egg Characteristics and Economic Impact of Laying Hens Fed Extruded Bakery Waste. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 10(17): 2248-2252.Google Scholar
SINGH, P.K., KHATTA, V.K., THAKUR, R.S., DEY, S. and SANGWAN, M.L. (2003) Effects of Phytase Supplementation on the Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Maize and Wheat Based Diets with Different Levels of Non-phytate Phosphorus. Asian-Australia Journal of Animal Sciences 16(11): 1642-1649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SOLTAN, M.A. (2009) Growth performance, immune response and carcass traits of broiler chicks fed on graded levels of palm kernel cake without or with enzyme supplementation. Livestock Research for Rural Development 21: Article #37. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd21/3/solt21037.htm.Google Scholar
SONAIYA, E.B. and SWAN, E.S.J. (2004) Small scale poultry production technical guide. FAO, Animal Production and Health Manual 1. 114pp. Rome, Italy. http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5169e/y5169e00.htm. Rome, Italy.Google Scholar
TARAZ, Z., JALALI, S.M.A and RAFEIE, F. (2006) Effects of Replacement of Soybean Meal with Rapeseed Meal on Organs Weight, Some Blood Biochemical Parameters and Performance of Broiler Chicks. International Journal of Poultry Science 5(12): 1110-1115Google Scholar
TORKI, M. and KIMIAEE, V. (2011) Replacing Dietary Corn with Bakery By-products Supplemented with Enzyme and Evaluating Performance of Laying Hens. Advances in Environmental Biology 5(4): 542-546.Google Scholar
TSEGA, W. and TAMIR, B. (2009) The effect of increasing levels of dried leaves of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) on dry matter intake and body weight gain performance of broiler finisher chickens. Livestock Research for Rural Development 21, Article #208. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd21/12/wude21208.htm.Google Scholar
UNEP (UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM), (2009) Converting Waste Agricultural Bi omass into a Resource. Compendium of Technologies. 441 PP. © United Nations Environment Program, 2009.Google Scholar
USAID, (2006) Partnership for Safe Poultry in Kenya (Pspk) Program Value Chain Analysis of Poultry in Ethiopia. 42Ppp. Prepared By Winrock International.Google Scholar
USSERY, H. (2010) Grow Your Own Poultry Feed. Accessed on 1 November, 2011: http://www.motherearthnews.com/Sustainable-Farming/.Google Scholar
VAN DER SLUIS, W. (2007) Intensive Poultry Production. Farming futures and Climate change series: World Poultry 23(12): http://www.farmingfutures.org.uk/.Google Scholar
YELM, J.J. (1998) Chicken Feed: Worms for Feed. "How To" From Worm Composting on the Rise at Home. Accessed on 27 October 2011. www.yelmworms.com.Google Scholar
YOUNAS, M. and YAQOOB, M. (2005) Feed resources of livestock in the Punjab, Pakistan. Livestock Research for Rural Development 17, Art. #18. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd17/2/youn17018.htm.Google Scholar
ZAFAR, F., IDREES, M. and AHMED, Z. (2005) Use of Apple By-Products in Poultry Rations of Broiler Chicks in Karachi. Pakistan Journal of Physiology 1(1-2).Google Scholar
ZHANG, W. and AGGREY, S.E. (2003) Genetic variation in feed utilization efficiency of meat-type chickens. Reviews. World's Poultry Science Journal 59: 328-339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar