Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T20:06:01.176Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Evaluation of Metabolizable Energy for Poultry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2007

Pran Vohra
Affiliation:
Department of Avian Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
Get access

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1972

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Almquist, H. J. and Halloran, H. R., 1971. Crude fiber as a tracer in poultry nutrition studies. Poultry Sci. 50: (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldini, J. T., 1961. The effect of dietary deficiency on the energy metabolism of the chick. Poultry Sci. 40: 11771183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergheim, O., 1926. Intestinal Chemistry. IV. A method for the study of food utilization and digestion. J. Biol. Chem. 70: 2933.Google Scholar
Bolin, D. W., King, R. P. and Klosterman, E. W., 1952. A simplified method for the determination of chronic oxide (Cr2O3) when used as an index substance. Science, 116: 634635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolton, W., 1967. Poultry Nutrition. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Bulletin No. 174 HMSO, London.Google Scholar
Bornstein, S., Lipstein, B. and Alumot, E., 1965. The metabolizable and productive energy of carobs for the growing chick. Poultry Sci. 44: 519529.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brambila, S., Nesheim, M. C. and Hill, F. W., 1961. Effect of trypsin supplementation on the utilization by the chick of diets containing soybean oil meal. J. Nutrition, 75: 1320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, K. J. and Clegg, K. M., 1956. The metabolizable energy of poultry feedings stuffs in relation to their chemical composition. J. Sci. Fd. Agric. 7: 4551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cullen, M. P., Rasmussen, O. G. and Wilder, O. H. M., 1962. Metabolizable energy value and utilization of different types and grades of fat by the chick. Poultry Sci. 41: 360367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Czarnocki, J., Sibbald, I. R. and Evans, E. V., 1961. The determination of chromic oxide in samples of feed and excreta by acid digestion and spectrophotometry. Can. J. Animal Sci. 41: 167179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dick, M., 1967. Use of barium sulfate as a continuous marker for faeces. J. Clin. Pathol. 20: 216218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eckman, P., Emanuelson, H. and Fransson, E., 1949. Investigations concerning the digestibility of protein in poultry. Annals Royal Agr. College of Sweden. 16: 749777.Google Scholar
Edin, H., 1918. Orienterande forsok over anvandarheten av en pa “ledk–ropps principen” grundad metod att bestamma en foderblandnings smaltbarhet. Centralanstalten for forsokvasendet pa jordbruksomradet. Stockholm Medd. Nr. 165: 1128.Google Scholar
Figueroa, W. G., Jordan, T. and Basset, S. H., 1968. Use of barium sulfate as an unabsorbable fecal marker. J. Clin. Nutrition, 21: 12391245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foster, W. H., 1968. Variation between and within birds in the estimation of the metabolizable energy content of diets for laying hens. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 71: 153159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fraps, G. S., Carlyle, E. C. and Fudge, J. F., 1940. Metabolizable energy of some chicken feeds. Texas Agr. Esp. Sta. Bull. No. 589.Google Scholar
Fraps, G. S., 1944. Digestibility of feeds and human foods by chickens. Texas Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. No. 663.Google Scholar
Gallup, W. D., 1929. The determinations of the digestibility of protein by Bergheim's method. J. Biol. Chem. 81: 321324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halloran, H., 1971. A major problem in metabolizable energy determinations of feedstuffs for poultry. Proc. AFMA Nutrition Council (in press).Google Scholar
Hartfiel, W., Eriksson, S. and Adelmann, M.., 1970. N-Korrektur and Ermittlung der umsetzbaren Energie von Futterstoffen fur die Geflugelernahrung. Arch. Geflugelk. 34: 221224.Google Scholar
Hill, F. W., 1965. Utilization of energy for growth by chicks. In “Energy Metabolism (Blaxter, K. L., ed.), pp. 327332. Academic Press. London.Google Scholar
Hill, F. W. and Anderson, D. L., 1958. Comparison of metaboliazble energy and productive energy determinations with growing chicks. J. Nutrition, 64: 587603.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hill, F. W and Renner, R., 1963. Effects of heat treatment on the metabolizable energy value of soybeans and extracted soybean flakes for the hen. J. Nutrition, 80: 375380.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hill, F.W. and Totsuka, K, 1964. Studies of the metabolizable energy of cottonseed mea for chicks, with particular reference to the effects of gossypol. Poultry Scil 43: 362, 370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoshii, H. Setune, and Yoshida, M., 1970. Metabolizable energy of various feed ingredients estimated by quail and chicks. Jap. Poultry Sci. 7: 147150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janssen, W. M. M. A., and Terpstra, K., 1971. Feeding values for poultry. Instut voor de Plumiveeteelt “Het Spelderholt”, Beekbergen, Netherland.Google Scholar
Kabota, D., and Morimoto, H., 1965. Nutritive value of feedstuffs for poultry and reliability of digestible nutrients formula feeds calculated from the digestible crude protein and TDN contents of ingredients. Japanese Poultry Sci. 2: 6368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kane, E. A., Jacobson, W. C., and Moore, L. A., 1950. A comparison of techniques used in digestibility studies with dairy cattle. J. Nutrition, 41: 583596.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleiber, M. 1961. The Fire of life. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York.Google Scholar
Kohler, G. O., and Kuzmicky, D. D., 1970. Problems concerned with determinations and interpretation of metabolizable energy values. Feed-stuffs, 42: March 21.Google Scholar
Kratzer, F. H., Rajaguru, R. W. A. S. B. and Vohra, P., 1967. The effect of polyssaccharides on energy utilization, nitrogen retention and fat absorption in chickens. Poultry Sci. 46: 14891493.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kurnick, A. A., 1967. Application of energy concepts in poultry. Feed-stuffs, April 1. pg. 18.Google Scholar
Laerdal, O. A., Newberne, P. M., Savage, J. E. and O'dell, B. L., 1957. A direct method for determination of digestibility in growing chickens. Poultry Sci. 36: 815820.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lockhart, W. C., Bryant, R. L., and Bolin, D. W., 1963. Factors affecting the use of classical metabolizable energy values in evaluation of poultry feeds. Research Report No. 10. Sept. 1963. North Dakota State University.Google Scholar
Lodhi, G. N., Renner, R. and Clandinin, D. R., 1969. Studies on the metabolizable energy of rape seed meal for growing chickens and laying hens. Poultry Sci. 48: 964970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lodhi, G. N., Renner, R. and Clandinin, D. R., 1970. Factors affecting the metabolizable energy value of rape seed meal. 2. Nitrogen absorbability. Poultry Sci. 49: 991999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manoukas, A. G., Colovos, N. F. and Davis, H. A., 1964. Losses of energy and nitrogen in drying excreta of hens. Poultry Sci. 43: 547549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NRC., 1966. Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals. Biological Energy Interrelationships and Glossary of energy terms. Publication 1411. National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Newberne, P. M., Laerdal, O. A. and O'dell, B. L., 1957. A surgical method for the separation of urine and feces in young chickens. Poultry Sci. 36: 821824.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'dell, B. L., Woods, W. D., Laerdal, O. A., Jeffay, A. M. and Savage, J. E., 1960. Distribution of the major nitrogenous compounds and amino acids in chicken urine. Poultry Sci. 39: 426432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsson, N. and Kihlen, G., 1948. Edin's indicator method in digestibility experiments on poultry. 8th World's Poultry Congress, pp. 225232.Google Scholar
Proudman, J. A., Mellen, W. J. and Anderson, D. L., 1970. Utilization of food in fast and slow-growing lines of chickens. Poultry Sci. 49: 961972.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pryor, W. H., and Conner, J. K., 1966. Energy evaluation of poultry feed-stuffs. Aust. Vet. J. 42: 141145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, P. V. and Clandinin, D. R., 1970. Effect of method of determination on the metabolizable energy of rape seed meal. Poultry Sci. 49: 10691074.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, C. E., Teekell, R. A. and Watts, A. B., 1968. The effects of energy levels on nitrogen components or urine. Poultry Sci. 41: 288292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schurch, A. F., Loyd, L. E. and Crampton, E. W., 1950. The use of chromic oxide as an index for determining the digestibility of a diet. J. Nutrition. 41: 629636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shannon, D. W. F. and Brown, W. O., 1969. Loss of energy and nitrogen on drying poultry excreta. Poultry Sci. 48: 4143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shannon, D. W. F. and Brown, W. O., 1970. A calorimetric estimate of the efficiency of utilization of dietary energy by the growing cockerel. Br. Poultry Sci. 11: 16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sibbald, I. R., Summers, J. D. and Slinger, S. J., 1960. Factors affecting the metabolizable energy content of poultry feeds. Poultry Sci. 39: 544556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sibbald, I. R. and Slinger, S. J., 1962. The relation between classical and corrected metabolizable energy values. Poultry Sci. 41: 10071009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sibbald, I. R. and Slinger, S. J., 1963a. A biological assay for metabolizable energy in poultry feed ingredients together with findings which demonstrate some of the problems associated with the evaluation of fats. Poultry Sci. 42: 315325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sibbald, I. R. and Slinger, S. J., 1963b. The effect of breed and sex on arsenical and nutrient density on the utilization of dietary energy. Poultry Sci. 42: 13251332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sibbald, I. R., Czarnocki, J.Slinger, S. J. and Ashton, G. C., 1963. The prediction of the metabolizable energy content of poultry feeding stuffs from a knowledge of their chemical composition. Poultry Sci. 42: 486492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slinger, S. J., Sibbald, I. R. and Pepper, W. F., 1964. The relative abilities of two breeds of chickens and two varieties of turkeys to metabolize dietary energy and dietary nitrogen. Poultry Sci. 43: 329333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Titus, H. W., 1957. Energy values of feedstuffs for poultry (mimeo-graphed sheets available from the author).Google Scholar
Titus, H. W., Mehring, A. Jr., Johnson, D. Jr., Nesbitt, L. L. and Thomas, T., 1959. An evaluation of MCF (micro-cel-fat), a new type of fat products. Poultry Sci. 38: 11141119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Titus, H. W., 1961. The Scientific Feeding of Chickens. 4th Ed. The Interstate, Danville, Illinois.Google Scholar
Vogt, H. and Stute, K., 1971. Uber die Verdaulichkeit einiger Kohlenhy-dratfractionen (Zucker, Starke, Pentosane, Rohcellulose, Lignin) im Huhnerfutter. Arch. Gelflugelk. 35: 2935Google Scholar
Vohra, P., 1966. Energy concepts for poultry nutrition. World's Poultry Sci. 46: 16031604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vohra, P. and Kratzer, F. H., 1967. Absorption of barium sulfate and chromic oxide from the chicken gastrointestinal tract. Poultry Sci. 46: 16031604CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vohra, P. and Kratzer, F. H., 1970. Metabolizable energy of alfalfa meals. Abstracts of scientific communications, XIV World's Poultry Congress, pp. 158.Google Scholar
Whitson, D., Carrick, C. W.Roberts, R. E. and Haughe, S. M., 1943. Utilization of fat by chickens— A method of determining the absorption of nutrients. Poultry Sci. 22: 137141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar