Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T18:23:57.879Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Egg Shell Quality III: Calcium and phosphorus requirements of commercial Leghorns*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2007

David A. Roland Sr.
Affiliation:
Poultry Science Department, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, AL 36849
Get access

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Article No. 12-85845.

References

Ademosun, A. A. and Kalango, I. O. (1973). Effect of calcium and phosphorus levels on the performance of layers in Nigeria. 1. Egg production, egg shell quality, feed intake and body weight. Poultry Science 52: 13831392.Google Scholar
Atteh, J. O. and Leeson, S. (1985). Response of laying hens to dietary saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the presence of varying dietary calcium levels. Poultry Science 64: 520528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Common, R. H. (1943). Observations on the mineral metabolism of pullets. VII. The calcium requirement of the laying bird. Journal of Agricultural Science 33: 213220.Google Scholar
Crowley, T. A., Pasvogel, M. W., Kemmerer, A. R., Vaivch, M. G. and Kurnick, A. A. (1961). Effect of soft phosphate and dicalcium phosphate on reproductive performance and egg quality. Poultry Science 40: 7480.Google Scholar
Crowley, T. A., Kurnick, A. A. and Reid, B. L. (1963). Dietary phosphorus for laying hens. Poultry Science 42: 758765.Google Scholar
Davidson, J. and Boyne, A. W. (1970). The calcium and phosphorus requirements of laying hens. British Poultry Science 11: 231240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dilworth, B. C., Day, E. J. and Hill, J. E. (1964). Availability of calcium in feed grade phosphates to the chick. Poultry Science 43: 11321134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Draper, H. H., Sie, Ten-Lin and Bergan, J. G. (1972). Osteoporosis in aging rates induced by high phosphorus diets. Journal of Nutrition 102: 11331142.Google Scholar
Edwards, H. M. Jr. (1978). Phosphorus requirement of laying hens. Proceedings Georgia Nutrition Conference pp. 6773.Google Scholar
Evans, R. J., Carver, J. S. and Brant, A. W. (1944). The influence of dietary factors on egg shell quality. II. Calcium. Poultry Science 23: 3641.Google Scholar
Gardiner, E. E. (1969). Response of two breeds of chickens to graded levels of dietary phosphorus. Poultry Science 48: 986993.Google Scholar
Garlich, J. D. (1979). The phosphorus requirement of laying hens. Proceedings Georgia Nutrition Conference pp. 104114.Google Scholar
Gillis, M. B., Norris, L. C. and Heuser, G. F. (1953). Phosphorus metabolism and requirements of hens. Poultry Science 32: 977984.Google Scholar
Gleaves, E. W., Mather, F. B. and Ahmad, M. M. (1977). Effects of dietary calcium, protein and energy on feed intake, egg shell quality and hen performance. Poultry Science 56: 402406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griminger, P. (1961). Calcium requirement of laying hens. Feedstuffs 33: 54.Google Scholar
Gutowska, M. S. and Parkhurst, R. T. (1942). Studies in mineral nutrition of laying hens. 2. Excess of calcium in the diet. Poultry Science 21: 321328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, R. M. G. and Sibbald, I. R. (1977). The effects of dietary phosphorus on productive performance and egg quality of ten strains of white leghorns. Poultry Science 56: 12211228.Google Scholar
Hamilton, R. M. G. (1980). The effects of dietary phosphorus, vitamin D3, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 levels on feed intake, productive performance and egg shell quality in two strains of force-molted white leghorns. Poultry Science 59: 598604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harms, R. H., Douglas, C. R. and Waldroup, P. W. (1961). The effects of feeding various levels and sources of phosphorus to laying hens. Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 644. pp. 122.Google Scholar
Harms, R. H., Damron, B. L. and Waldroup, P. W. (1965). Influence of high phosphorus levels in caged layer diets. Poultry Science 44: 12491253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harms, R. H. and Waldroup, P. W. (1971). The effect of high dietary calcium on the performance of laying hens. Poultry Science 50: 967969.Google Scholar
Harms, R. H. (1979). Revised specifications for feeding layers based on daily feed intake. Feedstuffs 51: 2728.Google Scholar
Holcombe, D. J., Roland, D. A. Sr. and Harms, R. H. (1975). The ability of hens to adjust calcium intake when given a choice of diets containing two levels of calcium. Poultry Science 54: 552561.Google Scholar
Holder, D. P. (1981). Dietary phosphorus requirements of forced-molted leghorn hens. Poultry Science 60: 433437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hulan, H. W. and Nikolaiczuk, N. (1971). Effect of feed additives on calcium requirement, calcium retention and shell calcification in the laying hen. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 51: 169177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, J. R. and Chancey, H. W. R. (1970). Influence of dietary phosphorus on shell quality. British Poultry Science 11: 259267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurwitz, S. and Griminger, P.. (1962). Estimation of calcium and phosphorus requirement in laying hens by balance techniques. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 3: 185191.Google Scholar
Ingram, R. F., Bletner, J. K. and McGhee, G. (1976). The response of four strains of S.C. White Leghorn layers to two levels of dietary phosphorus. Poultry Science 55: 2047.Google Scholar
Ivy, C. A. and Nesheim, M. C. (1973). Factors influencing the liver fat content of laying hens. Poultry Science 52: 281291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lennards, R. M. and Roland, D. A. Sr. (1981). The influence of time of dietary calcium intake on shell quality. Poultry Science 60: 21062113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macintyre, T. M., Chancey, H. W. R., and Gardiner, E. E. (1963). Effect of dietary energy and calcium level on egg production and egg quality. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 43: 337343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mikaelian, K. S. and Sell, J. L. (1981). Performance of laying hens fed various phosphorus levels continuously or phase fed decremental phosphorus levels. Poultry Science 60: 19161924.Google Scholar
Miles, R. D., Costa, P. T. and Harms, R. H. (1983). The influence of dietary phosphorus levels on laying hen performance, egg shell quality, and various blood parameters. Poultry Science 62: 10331037.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miles, R. D. and Rossi, A. (1983). Cation-anion balance in laying hens. Proceedings of Florida Nutrition Conference.. pp. 1522.Google Scholar
Miller, E. R. (1980). Bioavailability of minerals. Proc. of 41st Minnesota Nutrition Conference pp. 144160.Google Scholar
Miller, P. C. and Sunde, M. L. (1975). Dietary calcium levels of prelay and lay diets in leghorn pullets. Poultry Science 54: 18561867.Google Scholar
Mongin, P. and Sauveur, B. (1979). Plasma inorganic phosphorus concentration during eggshell formation. Brit. Poultry Science 20: 401412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mueller, W. J. (1961). The effect of constant and fluctuating environmental temperatures on the biological performance of laying pullets. Poultry Science 40: 15621571.Google Scholar
Nesheim, M. C., Ivy, C. A. and Norrell, M. J. (1979). Some observations on fatty liver in laying hens. Proceedings Cornell Nutrition Conference pp. 3641.Google Scholar
Nott, H., Morris, F. R. and Taylor, T. E. (1967). Utilization of phytate phosphorus by laying hens and young chicks. Poultry Science 46: 1301.Google Scholar
Ousterhout, L. E. (1980). Effect of calcium and phosphorus levels on egg weight and egg shell quality in laying hens. Poultry Science 59: 14801484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owings, W. J., Sell, J. L. and Balloun, S. L. (1977). Dietary phosphorus needs of laying hens. Poultry Science 56: 20562060.Google Scholar
Paul, H. S. and Snetsinger, D. C. (1969). Dietary calcium and phosphorus and variations in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity in relationship to physical characteristics of eggshells. Poultry Science 48: 241251.Google Scholar
Pepper, W. F., Slinger, S. J., Summers, J. D. and McConachie, J. D. (1967). The interaction between dietary calcium and protein for laying hens. Poultry Science 46: 411417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pepper, W. F., Winget, C. M. and Slinger, S. J. (1961). Influence of calcium and ascorbic acid on egg quality. Poultry Science 40: 657662.Google Scholar
Petersen, C. F., Conrad, D. H., Lumijarvi, D. H., Sauter, E. A. and Lampman, C. E. (1960). Studies on the calcium requirements of high producing white leghorn hens. Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin 44: 134.Google Scholar
Reddy, C. V., Sanford, P. E. and Clegg, R. E. (1968). Influence of calcium in laying rations on shell quality and interior quality of eggs. Poultry Science 47: 10771083.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reichmann, K. G. and Conner, J. K. (1977). Influence of dietary calcium and phosphorus on metabolism and production in laying hens. British Poultry Science 18: 633640.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodriguez, M., Owings, W. J. and Sell, J. L. (1984). Influence of phase feeding available phosphorus on egg production characteristics, carcass phosphorus content, and serum inorganic phosphorus levels of three commercial layer strains. Poultry Science 63: 15531562.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roland, D. A. Sr., Sloan, D. R. and Harms, R. H. (1974). Effect of various levels of calcium with and without pullet sized limestone on shell quality. Poultry Science 53: 662666.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roland, D. A. and Harms, R. H. (1976). The influence of feeding diets containing different calcium-phosphorus ratios on the laying hen. Poultry Science 55: 637641.Google Scholar
Roland, D. A. Sr., (1978). Nutritional disorders: Effect of nutrient deficiencies in animals: Calcium in CRC Handbook series on Nutrition and Food, Vol. 2, CRC Press Inc., Cleveland, Ohio.Google Scholar
Roland, D. A. Sr. (1980). Egg shell quality. II. Effect of dietary manipulations of protein, amino acids, energy, and calcium in young hens on egg weight, shell weight, shell quality and egg production. Poultry Science 59: 20472054.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roland, D. A. Sr. and Farmer, M. (1982). Studies concerning possible mechanisms for the varying response of different phosphorus levels on egg shell quality. Poultry Science 61: 1393.Google Scholar
Roland, D. A. Sr. and Farmer, M. (1984a). Egg shell quality. II. Importance of time of calcium intake with emphasis on broiler breeders. WPSA Journal 40: 255260.Google Scholar
Roland, D. A. Sr. and Farmer, Mark (1984b). Relation of calcium to excess feed consumption and fat deposition in commercial egg pullets. Proceedings of California Annual Nutrition Conference pp. 7993.Google Scholar
Roland, D. A. Sr., Farmer, M. and Marple, D. (1986). Calcium and its relationship to excess feed consumption, body weight, egg size, fat deposition, shell quality and fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome. Poultry Science 65: (in press).Google Scholar
Said, N. W., Sunde, M. L., Bird, H. R. and Suttie, J. W. (1979). Raw rock phosphate as a phosphorus supplement for growing pullets and layers. Poultry Science 58: 15571563.Google Scholar
Said, N. W., Sullivan, T. W., Sunde, M. L. and Bird, H. R. (1984). Effect of dietary phosphorus level and source on productive performance and egg quality of two commercial strains of laying hens. Poultry Science 63: 20072019.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salman, A. J., Ali, M. S. and McGinnis, J. (1969). Effect of level and source of phosphorus and different calcium levels on productivity and phosphorus utilization by laying hens. Poultry Science 48: 10041009.Google Scholar
Scott, M. L., Hull, S. J., and Mullenhoff, R. A. (1971). The calcium requirement of laying hens and effects of dietary oyster shell upon shell quality. Poultry Science 50: 10551063.Google Scholar
Sell, J. L. (1979). Phosphorus requirement of laying hens: A basic approach. Feed Management 30: 24.Google Scholar
Shirley, H. V. (1974). Calcium and phosphorus in rations of laying stocks. Tennessee Farm and Home Science. July and September, pp. 812.Google Scholar
Singsen, E. P., Spandorf, A. H., Matterson, L. D., Serafin, J. A. and Tlustohowicz, J. J. (1962). Phosphorus in the nutrition of the adult hen. 1. Minimum phosphorus requirements. Poultry Science 41: 14011414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sullivan, T. W. and Kingan, J. R. (1962). Effect of dietary calcium level, calcium lactate, and ascorbic acid on egg production of S. C. White Leghorn hens. Poultry Science 41: 15961602.Google Scholar
Summers, J. D., Grandhi, R. and Leeson, S. (1976). Calcium and phosphorus requirements of the laying hens. Poultry Science 55: 402413.Google Scholar
Talmage, R. V., Roycroft, J. H. and Anderson, J. J. B. (1975). Daily fluctuations in plasma calcium, phosphate and their radionuclide concentrations in the rat. Caleif. Tiss. Res. 17: 19102.Google ScholarPubMed
Tanaka, Y. and Deluca, H. F. (1973). The control of 25-hydroxyvitamin D metabolism by inorganic phosphorus. Arch. Biochem. Biophys 154: 566574.Google Scholar
Taylor, T. G. (1965). Dietary phosphorus and egg shell thickness in the domestic fowl. British Poultry Science 6: 7987.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tortuero, F. and Centeno, C. (1973). Studies of the use of calcium carbonate in the feeding of laying hens during summer months. Poultry Science 52: 866872.Google Scholar
Walter, E. D. and Aitken, J. R. (1962). Phosphorus requirements of laying hens confined to cages. Poultry Science 41: 386390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, R. J., Nesheim, M. C., Desai, I. D. and Scott, M. L. (1964). The effect of high dietary calcium on growing pullets and the performance of laying hens. Proceedings Cornell Nutrition Conference pp. 4549.Google Scholar