Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T14:02:46.489Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of feed formulation on feed manufacturing and pellet quality characteristics of poultry diets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2011

R.E. LOAR II  and
A. CORZO
R.E. LOAR II
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762, USA
A. CORZO*
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762, USA
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

There is a wide array of factors, of which feed formulation is one, that can drastically affect both the quality of the feed produced as well as the parameters associated with the production of the feed in the mill. It has long been the practice in commercial broiler production to pellet the feed. It has been accepted at this point that feeding a diet with high quality pellets leads to better performance compared to the same diet with low quality pellets or in mash form. On the other hand, producing a high quality pellet is not the typical result in a large feed mill. In large mills, great quantities of feed must be produced in a short time frame and this is usually accomplished by running the mill at a high production rate and pelleting the diet through a relatively thin die. This usually results in decreased conditioning time and contact with the die for the diet, and consequently a lower quality pellet results, mainly because these are the two primary locations for the physiochemical reactions such as starch gelatinisation and protein denaturation that cause pellet binding. In this review we will discuss research pertaining to the use of different grains, by-products, minerals, pellet binders and most notably feedstuff constituents and their effects on both physical pellet quality as well as feed manufacturing variables such as energy usage and production rate when the data is available. The main focus will be given to research performed within the last decade. However, we have placed no restrictions on the research referenced based on publication date as there is always quality research with pertinent findings that have stood the test of time.

Keywords

formulationpellet qualityfeed manufacturing
Type
Review Article
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 67 , Issue 1 , March 2011 , pp. 19 - 28
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BEHNKE, K.C. (1981) Pellet mill performance as affected by mineral source. Feedstuffs 53: 34-36.Google Scholar
BEHNKE, K.C. (2007) Feed manufacturing considerations for using DDGS in poultry and livestock diets. Proceedings Mid-Atlantic Nutrition Conference, College Park, MD.Google Scholar
BRIGGS, J.L., MAIER, D.E., WATKINS, B.A. and BEHNKE, K.C. (1999) Effects of ingredients and processing parameters on pellet quality. Poultry Science 78: 1464-1471.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BUCHANAN, N.P. and MORITZ, J.S. (2009) Main effects and interactions of varying formulation protein, fibre, and moisture on feed manufacture and pellet quality. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 18: 274-283.Google Scholar
CATALA-GREGORI, P., GARCA, V., MADRID, J., ORENGO, J. and HERNANDEZ, F. (2009) Inclusion of dried bakery product in high fat broiler diets: effect on pellet quality, performance, nutrient digestibility and organ weights. Asian-Australasian Journal Journal of Animal Sciences 22(5): 686.Google Scholar
DOZIER III, W.A., HANNA, W. and BEHNKE, K. (2005) Grinding and pelleting responses of pearl millet-based diets. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 14: 269-274.Google Scholar
EL-DEEK, A.A. and BRIKAA, M.A. (2009) Nutritional and biological evaluation of marine seaweed as a feedstuff and as a pellet binder in poultry diet. International Journal of Poultry Science 8 (9): 875-881.Google Scholar
FAIRCHILD, F. and GREER, D. (1999) Pelleting with precise mixer moisture control. Feed International 20(8): 32-36.Google Scholar
GEHRING, C.K., JACZYNSKI, J. and MORITZ, J.S. (2009) Improvement of pellet quality with proteins recovered from whole fish using isoelectric solubilisation-precipitation. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 18: 418-431.Google Scholar
HOTT, J.M., BUCHANAN, N.P., CUTLIP, S.E. and MORITZ, J.S. (2008) The effect of moisture addition with a mould inhibitor on pellet quality, feed manufacture, and broiler performance. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 17: 262-271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LOAR II, R.E., MORITZ, J.S., DONALDSON, J.R. and CORZO, A. (2010) Effects of feeding distillers dried grains with solubles to broilers from 0 to 28 days posthatch on broiler performance, feed manufacturing efficiency, and selected intestinal characteristics. Poultry Science Journal 89: 2242-2250.Google Scholar
MAIER, D.E., BRIGGS, J. and WATKINS, B.A. (1999) Effects of ingredients and processing conditions on the pelleting of feeds. Completed Research Summary. US Poultry and Egg Association, Tucker, GA. Project No. 305.Google Scholar
MOHSENIN, N. and ZASKE, J. (1976) Stress relaxation and energy requirements in compaction of unconsolidated material. Journal of Agricultual Engineering Research 21: 193-205.Google Scholar
MORITZ, J.S. (2010) Personal communication; Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.Google Scholar
MORITZ, J.S., BEYER, R.S., WILSON, K.J., CRAMER, K.R., MCKINNEY, L.J. and FAIRCHILD, F.J. (2001) Effect of moisture addition at the mixer to a corn-soybean based diet on broiler performance. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 10: 347-353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
RENEWABLE FUELS ASSOCIATION, (2010) Industry resources, co-products: historic distillers grains production from U.S. ethanol biorefineries. Available: http://www.ethanolrfa.org/pages/industry-resources-coproducts. Accessed August 6, 2010.Google Scholar
RICHARDSON, W. and DAY, E.J. (1976) Effect of varying levels of added fat in broiler diets on pellet quality. Feedstuffs 48: 24.Google Scholar
SALMON, R.E. (1985) Effects of pelleting, added sodium bentonite and fat in a wheat-based diet on performance and carcass characteristics of small white turkeys. Animal Feed Science and Technology 12: 223–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SRINIVASAN, R., CORZO, A., KOCH, K.B. and KIDD, M.T. (2009) Effect of fractionation of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on pelleting characteristics of broiler diets. Cereal Chemistry 86(4): 393-397.Google Scholar
TAKEMASA, M. and HIJIKURO, S. (1984) Possibility of seaweed as a pellet binder. Journal of Poultry Science 21: 231-234.Google Scholar
WINOWISKI, T. (1988) Wheat and pellet quality. Feed Management 39(9): 58-64.Google Scholar
WOOD, J.F. (1987) The functional properties of feed raw materials and their effect on the production and quality of feed pellets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 18: 1-17.Google Scholar
ZARATE, A.J., MORAN, E.T. JR. and STILBORN, H.L. (2004) Comparison of normal dent with waxy, high-oil, and waxy-high-oil corns on pellet quality of associated feeds and responses by broilers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 13: 650-659.Google Scholar
ZIMONJA, O. and SVIHUS, B. (2009) Effects of processing of wheat or oats starch on physical pellet quality and nutritional value for broilers. Animal Feed Science and Technology 149: 287-297.Google Scholar
ZIMONJA, O., HETLAND, H., LAZAREVIC, N., EDVARDSEN, D.H. and SVIHUS, B. (2008) Effects of fibre content in pelleted wheat and oat diets on technical pellet quality and nutritional value for broiler chickens. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 88(4): 613-622.Google Scholar