We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)
References
1
1.Ahrens, E. H.Jr., Blankenhorn, D. H. and Tsaltas, T. T.Effect on human serum lipids of substituting plant for animal fats in diet. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 86:8721954.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2
2.Almquist, H. J., Lorenz, F. W. and Burmester, B. R.. 1955. Relations of depot fat to egg yolk fat in laying hens. Jour. Biol. Chem., 106:365. 1934.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3
3.Anderson, J. T.Keys, A. and Grande, F.The effects of different food fats on serum cholesterol concentration in man. Jour. Nutrition, 62:421. 1934.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4
4.Anderson, W. E. and Mendel, L. B.. The relation of diet to the quality of fat produced in the animal body. Jour. Biol. Chem., 76:729. 1928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5
5.Asmundson, V. S. et al. 1955. The effect of certain fish meals and fish oils in the ration on the flavour of the turkey. Poultry Science, 17:147. 1938.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6
6.Beveridge, J. M. R., Connel, W. F. and Mayer, G. A.. 1955. Dietary factors affecting the level of plasma cholesterol in humans: The role of fat. Can. Jour. Biochem. Physiology, 34:441. 1956.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7
7.Bieri, J. G. et al. Essential fatty acids in the chick. I. Development of fat deficiency. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.93:237. 1956.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8
8.Bieri, J. G.Pollard, C. J.Briggs, G. M.. Essential fatty acids in the chick. II. Polyunsaturated fatty composition of blood, heart and liver. Arch. Biochem. Biophysics68:300. 1957.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9
9.Briggs, G. M. and Fox, M. R. S.. Do chicks need a dietary source of unsaturated fatty acids?. Poultry Science, 34:1231. 1955.Google Scholar
10
10.Brown, J. B.Sheldon, C. C.. The occurrence of highly unsaturated fatty acids in the oils of some common fowls and in animal fats. Jour. Amer. Chem. Soc.56:2149. 1934.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11
11.Carew, L. B.Jr.. Studies of the effects of dietary vegetable oils on growth rate, energy intake, tissue composition and energy metabolism of chicks. Ph. D. Thesis Cornell University. Ithaca, N. Y.Google Scholar
12
12.Carrick, C. W. and Hauge, S. M.. The effect of cod liver oil upon flavour in poultry meat. Poultry Science, 5:213. 1926.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13
13.Carver, D. S.. Variation in the effects of fat supplementations on broiler pigmentation, growth and feed conversion. Poultry Science38:71. 1959.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14
14.Carver, D. S. and Johnson, E. L.. Unidentified growth factors for the chick in vegetable oils and fatty acid concentrates. Poultry Science32:701. 1953.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15
15.Carver, D. S. and Johnson, E. L.. Further studies of the unidentified chick growth factors in unsaturated fats. Poultry Science33:543. 1954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16
16.Carver, D. S. et al. The utilization of fats of different melting points added to broiler feed. Poultry Science34:544. 1955.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17
17.Choudhury, R. B. R. and Reiser, R.. Inter-conversions of polyunsaturated fatty acids by the laying hen. Jour. Nutrition68:457. 1959.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18
18.Chu, T. K. and Kummerow, F. A.. The deposition of linolenic acid in chickens fed linseed oil. Poultry Science, 29:846. 1950.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19
19.Combs, G. F. and Helbacka, N. V.. Studies with laying hens. I. Effect of dietary fat, protein levels and other variables in practical rations. Poultry Science, 39:271. 1960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20
20.Coppock, J. B. M. and Daniels, N. W. R.. Influence of diet and husbandry on the nutritional value of the hen's egg. Jour. Sci. Food Agric., 13:459. 1962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21
21.Cruickshank, E. M.. Studies in fat metabolism in the fowl. I. The composition of the egg fat and depot fat of the fowl as affected by the ingestion of large amounts of different fats. Biochem. Jour.28:965. 1934.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22
22.Cruickshank, E. M.. Feeding of different fats to poultry. Agr. Progress, 11:147. 1934.Google Scholar
23
23.Cruickshank, E. M., Houston, J. and Moore, T.. Spectroscopic changes in fatty acids. V. Effect of dietary fat on body fat and egg fat of the hen. Biochem. Jour., 33:1630. 1939.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24
24.Curtin, L. V. and Raper, J. T.. Feeding value of hydrolyzed vegetable fats in broiler rations. Poultry Science, 35:273. 1956.Google Scholar
25
25.Daghir, N. J., W. W., Marion and Balloun, S. L.. Influence of dietary fat and choline on serum and egg yolk cholesterol in the laying chicken. Poultry Science, 39:1459. 1950.Google Scholar
26
26.Dam, H.. Studies on vitamin E deficiency in chicks. Jour. Nutrition27:193. 1944.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27
27.Dam, H. and Sondergaard, E.. The encephalomalacia producing effect of arachidonic and linoleic acids. Z. F. Ernahrung2:217. 1962.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28
28.Dam, H. et al. Influence of varied levels of peanut oil and cholesterol on cholesterol and polyenoic acids in tissues of chicks. Acta Physiol. Scand., 36:319. 1956.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29
29.Dam, H. et al. Influence of dietary hydrogenated peanut oil and cholesterol on cholesterol and polyenoic fatty acids in tissues of chicks. Acta Physiol. Scand., 43:97. 1958.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30
30.Dam, H. et al. Influence of dietary cholesterol, cod liver oil and linseed oil on cholesterol and polyenoic fatty acids in tissues from fasted and non-fasted chicks. Acta Physiol. Scand., 45:31. 1959.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31
31.Dam, R. et al. Studies of the effect of quantity and type of fat on chick growth. Jour. Nutrition, 68:615. 1959.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32
32.Dansky, L. M.. The growth promoting properties of menhaden fish oil as influenced by various fats. Poultry Science, 41:1352. 1962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33
33.Davis, H. J. and Upp, C. W.. Studies on the fat requirements of the domestic fowl. Poultry Science, 20:459. 1941.Google Scholar
34
34.Duckworth, J., Naftalin, J. M. and Dalgarno, A. C.Digestibility of linseed oil and mutton fat by chicks. Jour. Agric. Sci., 40:391950.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35
35.Edwards, H. M.Jr., Marion, J. E. and Driggers, J. C.Effect of deutectomy and dietary supplementation with various fats on chick growth. Poultry Science, 40: 13971961.Google Scholar
36
36.Edwards, H. M.Jr., Marion, J. E. and Driggers, J. C.Serum and egg cholesterol levels in mature hens as influenced by dietary protein and fat changes. Poultry Science, 41:7131962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37
37.Evans, R. J., Bandemer, S. L. and Davidson, J. A.Fatty acid distribution in lipides from eggs produced by hens fed cottonseed oil and cottonseed fatty acid fractions. Poultry Science, 39:11191960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38
38.Ewing, W. R.Poultry nutrition 4th edition, revised. Published by Ewing, W. Ray, South Pasadena, California. 1951.Google Scholar
39
39.Feede, M. R., Waibel, P. E. and Burger, R. E.. Factors affecting the absorbability of certain dietary fats in the chick. Jour. Nutrition70:447. 1962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40
40.Feigenbaum, A. S. and Fisher, H.. The influence of dietary fat on the incorporation of fatty acids into body and egg fat of the hen. Arch. Biochem. Biophysics79:302. 1959.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41
41.Fisher, H. and Leveille, G. A.. Observations on the cholesterol, linolenic and linolenic acid content of eggs as influenced by dietary fats. Jour. Nutrition, 63:119. 1957.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42
42.Fisher, H. and Leveille, G. A.. Fatty acid composition of eggs as influenced by dietary fats. Poultry Science, 36:1116. 1957.Google Scholar
43
43.Goettsch, M. and Pappenheimer, A. M.. The prevention of nutritional encephalomalacia in chicks by vegetable oils and their fractions. Jour. Biol. Chem., 114:673. 1936.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44
44.Halnan, E. T. and Cruickshank, E. M.. Some aspects of fat metabolism in fowls and their practical significance. Proc. 5th World's Poultry Congress (Rome), 2:612. 1933.Google Scholar
45
45.Hammond, J. C.. A factor in cod liver oil that hinders the utilization of vitamin E by chickens. Poultry Science, 20:369. 1941.Google Scholar
46
46.Hegsted, D. M., Gotsis, A. and Stare, F. J.. The effect of various fats upon experimental hypercholesteremia in the rat. Jour. Nutrition, 63:377. 1957.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47
47.Heywang, B. W.. Hatchability in relation to the fat content of the diet. Poultry Science, 21:521. 1942.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48
48.Hilditch, T. P.Jones, E. C. and Rhead, A. J.. The body fats of the hen. Biochem. Jour28:786. 1934.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
49
49.Hill, F. W., Dam, R. and Carew, L. B.Jr. Special nutritive properties of fats in poultry rations. Proc. Cornell Nutrition Conference, p. 19. 1958.Google Scholar
50
50.Hite, J. P., Kloxin, S. E. and Kummerow, F. A.. Fat rancidity in eviscerated poultry. IV. The effect of variations in dietary fat, ethanolamine and choline on the characteristics of fat extracted from turkeys. Poultry Science, 28:249. 1949.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
51
51.Hite, J. P. et al. Fat rancidity in eviscerated poultry. III. The effect of variations in dietary fat, ethanolamine and choline on the storage quality of mature turkeys. Poultry Science, 28:244. 1949.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
52
52.Holman, R. T.. The function of the essential fatty acids. Svensk Kem. Tidskr., 68:282. 1956.Google Scholar
54.Holman, R. T. and Greenberg, S. I.. Highly unsaturated fatty acids. I. A. survey of possible animal sources. Jour. Amer. Oil Chemists' Soc., 30:600. 1953.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
55
55.Holmer, G., Kristensen, G. and Dam, H.. The influence of ethyl linoleate and ethyl inolenate on polyenoic acids and cholesterol in tissues of chicks. Z. f. Eranhrung., 2:223. 1962.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
56
56.Holmer, G. et al. Polyenoic fatty acids and cholesterol in blood, heart and liver of chicks fed on hydrogenated and unhydrogenated arachis oil. Brit. Jour. Nutrition., 14:247. 1960.Google ScholarPubMed
57
57.Holmes, A. D. and Deuel, H. J.Jr.. Digestibility of certain miscellaneous vegetable fats. Jour. Biol. Chem.41:227. 1960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
58
58.Holmes, A. D. and Deuel, H. J.Jr.. Digestibility of some hydrogenated oils. Amer. Jour. Physiol.54:479. 1921.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
59
59.Hopkins, D. T. and Nesheim, M. C.. Essential fatty acids for poultry. Proc. Cornell Nutrition Conference, p. 31.1961.Google Scholar
59
59.Hopkins, D. T. and Nesheim, M. C.. Further studies on linoleic acid deficiency in hens and chicks. Proc. Cornell Nutrition Conference, p. 104.1962.Google Scholar
61
61.Hopkins, D. T. et al. Unsaturated fatty acids in poultry nutrition. Proc. Cornell Nutrition Conference, p. 71.1960.Google Scholar
62
62.Horlick, L. and O'Neil, J. B.. The modification on egg-yolk fats by sunflower seed oil and the effect of such yolk fats on blood cholesterol levels. The Lancet, p. 243. 1958.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
63
63.Jordan, R. et al. Functional properties and flavour of eggs laid by hens on diets containing different fats. Food Technology, 14:418. 1960.Google Scholar
64
64.King, F. B.Whitman, E. F. and Rose, W. G.. Cake-making quality of eggs as related to some factors in egg production. Cereal Chemistry, 13:703. 1936.Google Scholar
65
65.Klose, A. A. et al. The role of dietary fat in the quality of fresh and frozen storage turkeys. Jour. Amer. Oil Chemists' Society28:162. 1951.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
66
66.Klose, A. A. et al. Chemical characteristics of turkey carcass fat as a function of dietary fat. Poultry Science31:354. 1952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
67
67.Klose, A. A. et al. Quality and stability of turkeys as a function of dietary fat. Poultry Science32:82. 1953.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
68
68.Kummerow, F. A., Hite, J. and Kloxin, S.. Fat rancidity in eviscerated poultry. II. The effect of variation in diet on the characteristics of the fat extracted from immature turkeys. Poultry Science, 27: 689. 1948.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
69
69.Kummerow, F. A. et al. Fat rancidity in eviscerated poultry. V. The effect of dietary sources of linolenic acid on the development of rancidity. Poultry Science29:768. 1950.Google Scholar
70
70.Leveille, G. A. and Fisher, H.. Observation on lipid utilization in hens fed vegetable and animal fat supplemented diets. Poultry Science37:658. 1958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
71
71.Machlin, L. J. and Gordon, R. S.. The requirement of the chicken for certain unsaturated fatty acids. Poultry Science, 39:1271. 1960.Google Scholar
72
72.Machlin, L. J. and Gordon, R. S.. Effect of dietary fatty acids and cholesterol on growth and fatty acid composition of the chicken. Jour. Nutrition, 17:49. 1938.Google Scholar
73
73.Marble, D. R. et al. Fishy flavour and odour in turkey meat. Poultry Science17:49. 1938.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
74
74.March, B. and Biely, J.. Fat studies in poultry. 6. Utilization of fats of different melting points. Poultry Science36:71. 1957.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
75
75.Marion, J. E. and Edwards, H. M.Jr.. Observations on the influence of diet and age upon liver lipid changes in the chick. Jour. Nutrition77:23. 1962.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
76
76.Marion, W. W. et al. Egg yolk and serum cholesterol values as influenced by dietary fats and fatty acids. Poultry Science, 39:1271. 1960.Google Scholar
77
77.Mattson, F. H. and Lutton, E. S.. The specific distribution of fatty acids in the glycerides of animal and vegetable fats. Jour. Biol. Chem., 233:868. 1956.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
78
78.Mecchi, E. P. et al. The role of tocopherol content in the comparative stability of chicken and turkey fat. Poultry Science, 35:1238. 1956.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
79
79.Mecchi, E. P. et al. Further studies on tocopherol content and stability of carcass fat of chickens and turkeys. Poultry Science, 35:1246. 1956.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
80
80.Miller, E. C., Menge, H. and Denton, C. A.Effect of dietary fat on tissue fat and plasma cholesterol level in broilers. Poultry Science, 41: 9701962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
81
81.Murty, N. L. and Reiser, R.. Influence of graded levels of dietary linoleic and linolenic acids on the fatty acid composition of hens' eggs. Jour. Nutrition75:287. 1961.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
81
81.Murty, N. L.Williams, M. C. and Reiser, R.. Nonsynthesis of linoleic acid from acetate-1-C14 by the laying hen. Jour. Nutrition72:451. 1960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
83
83.Nesheim, M. C. Report to Soybean Research Council, National Soybean Processors' Association. 1963.Google Scholar
84
84.Nutter, M. K., Lockhart, E. E. and Harris, R. S.. The chemical composition of depot fats in chickens and turkeys. Oil and Soap, 20:2311963.Google Scholar
85
85.Ostrander, J. G. et al. The ether extract of yolks of eggs from hens on feed containing different fats. Poultry Science, 39:746. 1960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
86
86.Peifer, J. J. and Lundberg, W. O.. Effect of unsaturated acids and fish oils on plasma and tissue lipides from hypercholesteremic rats. Fed. Proc., 18:3001959.Google Scholar
87
87.Popjak, G. and Tietz, A.The biosynthesis of fat and cholesterol in vitro by ovarian tissues of the laying hen. Biochem, Jour., 54:Proc. p. XXXV.1953.Google Scholar
88
88.Price, J. D., Reid, B. L. and Couch, J. R.The effect of feeding high levels of soybeanlecithin and various fats on the feed efficiency and egg production of White Leghorn hens. Poultry Science, 36:11501957.Google Scholar
89
89.Reiser, R.. Fatty acid changes in the egg yolk of hens on a fat-free and a cottonseed oil ration. Jour. Nutrition, 40:429. 1950.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
90
90.Reiser, R.. Essential role of fatty acids in rations for growing chicks. Jour. Nutrition, 42:319. 1950.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
91
91.Reiser, R.. The metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids in growing chicks. Jour. Nutrition, 42:325. 1950.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
92
92.Reiser, R.. The biochemical conversion of conjugated dienoic and trienoic fatty acids. Arch. Biochem. Biophysics, 32:113. 1951.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
93
93.Reiser, R.. The synthesis and interconversions of polyunsaturated fatty acids by the laying hen. Jour. Nutrition, 44:159. 1951.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
94
94.Renner, R. and Hill, F. W.The utilization of corn oil, lard and tallow by chickens of various ages. Poultry Science, 39: 8491960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
95
95.Riemenschnieider, R. W., Ellis, N. R. and Titus, H. W.. The fats acids in the lecithin and glyceride fractions of egg yolk. Jour. Biol. Chem., 126:255. 1938.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
96
96.Russell, W. C., Taylor, M. W. and Polskin, L. J.. Fat requirements of the growing chick. Jour. Nutrition19:555. 1940.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
97
97.Schreiber, M. L. et al. The effect of tissue fat stability on deterioration of frozen poultry. Poultry Science26:14. 1947.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
98
98.Sherman, W. C.. The effect of certain fats and unsaturated fatty acids upon the utilization of carotene. Jour. Nutrition, 22:153. 1941.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
99
99.Shorland, F. B.. Effect of dietary fat on the composition of the depot fat of animals. Nature165:766. 1950.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
100
100.Shorland, F. B.. The fatty acid composition of egg-yolk lipids. New Zealand Jour. Sci. Technol.B33:224. 1951.Google Scholar
101
101.Shutze, J. V., Jensen, L. S. and McGinnis, J.Effect of different dietary lipids on egg size. Poultry Science, 37: 12421958.Google Scholar
102
102.Shutze, J. V., Jensen, L. S. and McGinnis, J.Further studies on unidentified nutritional factor affecting egg size. Poultry Science, 38: 12471959.Google Scholar
103
103.Sibbald, I. R., Slinger, S. J. and Ashton, G. C.The utilization of a number of fats, fatty materials and mixtures thereof evaluated in terms of metabolizable energy, chick weight gains and gain:feed ratios. Poultry Science, 41: 461962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
104
104.Sunde, M. L.Use of animal fats in poultry feeds. Jour. Amer. Oil Chemists' Soc., 31: 491954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
105
105.Sunde, M. L.. The effects of fats and fatty acids on feed conversion in chicks. Poultry Science, 33:1084. 1954.Google Scholar
106
106.Sunde, M. L.. The effect of fats and fatty acids in chick rations. Poultry Science35:362. 1956.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
107
107.Titus, H. W., Byerly, T. C. and Ellis, N. R.Effect of diet on egg composition. 1. Partial chemical analyses of eggs produced by pullets on different diets. Jour. Nutrition, 6: 1271933.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
108
108.Verzar, F.. The absorption of fats. Nutrition Abs. and Rev.2:441. 1933.Google Scholar
109
109.Weiss, H. S. and Fisher, H.Plasma lipid and organ changes associated with the feeding of animal fat to laying chickens. Jour Nutrition, 61: 2671957.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
110
110.Wheeler, P., Peterson, D. W. and Michaels, G. D.Fatty acid distribution in egg yolk as influenced by type and level of dietary fat. Jour. Nutrition, 69: 2531959.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
111
111.Young, R. J. and Renner, R.Factors affecting the utilization of fats and fatty acids by the chicken. Proc. Cornell Nutrition Conference, p. 75. 1960.Google Scholar