Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-s22k5 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-09T23:04:12.982Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Botanicals: an alternative approach for the control of avian coccidiosis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 May 2012

R.Z. ABBAS ,
D.D. COLWELL  and
J. GILLEARD
R.Z. ABBAS*
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040-Pakistan
D.D. COLWELL
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Ave. S., Lethbridge, AB., T1J 4B1, Canada
J. GILLEARD
Affiliation:
Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Room HSC 2557, 3330, Hospital Drive, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Coccidiosis is recognized as the major parasitic disease of poultry and is caused by the apicomplexan protozoan Eimeria. In the past, conventional disease control strategies have depended mainly on anticoccidial drugs and, to a certain extent, live vaccines. Anticoccidial drugs have played a major role in the effective control of avian coccidiosis, but, their extensive use has resulted in the emergence of drug resistant coccidian strains. In such situations, new drugs should be available to replace the older ones against which resistance has developed, however it takes a long time to develop any new compounds. Because of the high cost of developing new drugs and vaccines, development of drug resistance and concerns over drug residues associated with the continuous use of these chemicals, there is a renewed interest in the use of botanicals for safe, effective and cheap control of avian coccidiosis. Several poultry scientists all over the world are now actively engaged in research into the use of plants and plant derived products to fight and reduce the heavy economic losses in poultry industry caused by coccidiosis. This paper reviews the research on botanicals, herbal complexes and commercially available botanical products having anticoccidial properties against avian coccidiosis. Information regarding active compounds, doses and mechanism of action of plants provided in this paper may serve as a guideline for the use of botanical anticoccidial agents as a part of integrated control strategies for the effective control of resistant coccidian parasites.

Keywords

botanical anticoccidialspoultrycoccidia (or Eimeria)drug resistance
Type
Review Article
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 68 , Issue 2 , June 2012 , pp. 203 - 215
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ABBAS, R.Z., IQBAL, Z., KHAN, M.N., ZAFAR, M.A. and ZIA, M.A. (2010) Anticoccidial activity of Curcuma longa L. in Broiler Chickens. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 53: 63-67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ABBAS, R.Z., IQBAL, Z., SINDHU, Z.D., KHAN, M.N. and ARSHAD, M. (2008) Identification of cross resistance and multiple resistance in Eimeria tenella field isolates to commonly used anticoccidials in Pakistan. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 17: 361-368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ABBAS, R.Z., IQBAL, Z., BLAKE, D., KHAN, M.N. and SALEEMI, M.K. (2011a) Anticoccidial drug resistance in fowl coccidia: the state of play revisited. World's Poultry Science Journal 67: 337-350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ABBAS, R.Z., MUNAWAR, S.H., MANZOOR, ZA., IQBAL, Z., KHAN, M.N., SALEEMI, M.K., ZIA, M.A. and YOUSAF, A. (2011b) Anticoccidial effects of acetic acid on performance and pathogenic parameters in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria tenella. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31: 99-103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ABBAS, R.Z., MANZOOR, Z., MUNAWAR, S.H., IQBAL, Z., KHAN, M.N., SALEEMI, M.K., ZIA, M.A. and YOUSAF and A., (2011c) Anticoccidial activity of hydrochloric acid (HCl) against Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31: 425-429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ABBAS, R.Z, IQBAL, Z., AKHTAR, M.S., KHAN, M.N., JABBAR, A. and SANDHU, Z.D. (2006) Anticoccidial Screening of Azadirachta indica (Neem) in broilers. Pharmacologyonline 3: 365-371.Google Scholar
ALFARO, D.M., SILVA, A.V.F., BORGES, S.A., MAIORKA, F.A., VARGAS, S. and SANTIN, E. (2007) Use of Yucca schidigera extract in broiler diets and its effects on performance results obtained with different coccidiosis control methods. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 16: 248-254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
AL-FIFI, Z.I.A. (2007) Effect of leaves extract of Carica papaya, Vernonia amigdalina and Azadiratcha indica on the coccidiosis in free-range chickens. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences 1: 26-32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ALLEN, P.C. (2003) Dietary supplementation with Echinacea and development of immunity to challenge infection with coccidia. Parasitology Research 91: 74-78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ALLEN, P.C., LYDIN, J. and DANFORTH, H.D. (1997a) Effects of components of Artemisia annua on coccidia infections in chickens. Poultry Science 76: 1156-1163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ALLEN, P.C., DANFORTH, H.D. and LEVANDER, O.A. (1997b) Interaction of dietary flaxseed with coccidia infections in chickens. Poultry Science 76: 822-827.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ALLEN, P.C., DANFORTH, H.D. and AUGUSTINE, P.C. (1998) Dietary modulation of avian coccidiosis. International Journal of Parasitology 28: 1131-1140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ANOSA, G.N. and OKORO, O.J. (2011) Anticoccidial activity of the methanolic extract of Musa paradisiaca root in chickens. Tropical Animal Health and Production 43: 245-248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ARAB, H.A., RAHBARI, S., RASSOULI, A., MOSLEMI, M.H. and KHOSRAVIRAD, F. (2006) Determination of artemisinin in Artemisia sieberi and anticoccidial effects of the plant extracts in broiler chickens. Tropical Animal Health and Production 38: 497-503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ATHANASIADOU, S., GITHIORI, J. and KYRIAZAKIS, I. (2007) Medicinal plants for helminth parasite control: facts and fiction. Animal 1: 1392-1400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
AUGUSTINE, P.C., MCNAUGHTON, J.L., VIRTANEN, E. and ROSI, L. (1997) Effect of betaine on the growth performance of chicks inoculated with mixed cultures of Avian Eimeria species and on invasion and development of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina in vivo and in vitro. Poultry Science 79: 802-809.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
AWAIS, M.M., AKHTAR, M., MUHAMMAD, F., HAQ, A.U. and ANWAR, M.I. (2011) Immunotherapeutic effects of some sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) extracts against coccidiosis in industrial broiler chickens. Experimental Parasitology 128: 104-110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BAMPIDIS, V.A., CHRISTOUDOULOU, V., FLOROU-PANERI, P., CHRISTAKI, E., CHATZPOULOU, P.S., TSILIGIANNI, T. and SPAIS, A.B. (2005) Effect of dietary dried oregano leaves on growth performance, carcass characteristics and serum cholesterol of female early maturing turkeys. British Poultry Science 46: 595-601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BANFIELD, M.J., KWAKKEL, R.P. and FORBES, J.M. (2002) Effects of wheat structure and viscosity on coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology 98: 37-48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BAO, Y.M. and CHOCT, M. (2010) Dietary NSP nutrition and intestinal immune system for broiler chickens. World's Poultry Science Journal 66: 511-518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BAUER, R. (1999) Chemistry, analysis and immunological investigations of Echinacea phytopharmaceuticals, in: WAGNER, H. (Ed.) Immunomodulatory agents from plants, pp. 41-48 (Basel, Berlin, Boston: Birkhäuser Verlag).Google Scholar
BIU, A.A., YUSUF, S.D. and RABO, J.S. (2006) Use of neem (Azadirachta indica) aqueous extract as a treatment for poultry coccidiosis in Borno State, Nigeria. African Scientist 7: 147-153.Google Scholar
BLAND, J. (1985) Effect of orally consumed Aloe vera juice on gastrointestinal function in normal humans. Preventive Medicine14: 152-154.Google Scholar
BRISIBE, E.A., UMOREN, E.U., OWAI, P.U. and BRISIBE, F. (2008) Dietary inclusion of dried Artemisia annua leaves for management of coccidiosis and growth enhancement in chickens. African Journal of Biotechnology 7: 4083-4092.Google Scholar
CHANDRAKESAN, P., MURAlIDHARAN, K., KUMAR, V.D., PONNUDURAI, G., HARIKRISHNAN, T.J. and RANI, K.S.V.N. (2009) Efficacy of a herbal complex against caecal coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Veterinary Archives 79: 199-203.Google Scholar
CHAPMAN, H.D. (2000) Practical use of vaccines for the control of coccidiosis in the chicken. World's Poultry Science Journal 56: 7-20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CHAPMAN, H.D. (2009) A landmark contribution to poultry science – prophylactic control of coccidiosis in poultry. Poultry Science 88: 813-815.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
CHEN, H., ZHANG, M., QU, Z. and XIE, B. (2008) Antioxidant activities of different fractions of polysaccharide conjugates from green tea (Camellia Sinensis). Food Chemistry 106: 559-563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CHRISTAKI, E., FLOROU-PANERI, P., GIANNENEA, I., PAPZAHARIADOU, M., BOTSOGLOU, N.A. and SPAIS, A.S.B. (2004) Effect of a mixture of herbal extracts on broiler chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. Animal Research 53: 137-144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DAS, N., PANDA, D.N. and PANDA, R. (2001) Synergistic effect of herbal immunostimulant "IMMU-21 and anticoccidial-1HP-250C and ACC-7 against induced Eimeria tenella infection in broiler chicks. Phytomedica 2: 77-84.Google Scholar
DE PABLOS, L.M., DOS SANTOS, M.F., MONTERO, E., GARCIA-GRANADOS, A., PARRA, A. and OSUNA, A. (2010) Anticoccidial activity of maslinic acid against infection with Eimeria tenella in chickens. Parasitology Research 107: 601-604.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DU, A. and HU, S. (2004) Effects of a herbal complex against Eimeria tenella infection in chickens. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B 51: 194-197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DUFFY, C.F., MATHIS, G.F. and POWER, R.F. (2005) Effects of NatustatTM supplementation on performance, feed efficiency and intestinal lesion scores in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima and Eimeria tenella. Veterinary Parasitology 130: 185-190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
EL-ABASY, M., MOTOBU, M., NA, K.J., SHIMURA, K., NAKAMURA, K., KOGE, K., ONODERA, T. and HIROTA, Y. (2003) Protective effects of sugar cane extracts (SCE) on Eimeria tenella infection in chickens. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 65: 865-871.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ENGELHARDT, U.H. (2010) Chemistry of Tea. Comprehensive Natural Products II: Chemistry and Biology, Vol. 9, pp. 999-1032 (Elsevier Science).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FORBES, J.M. and COVASA, M. (1995) Application of diet selection by poultry with particular reference to whole cereals. World's Poultry Science Journal 5: 149-165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GADZIRAYI, C.T., MUPANGWA, J.F. and MUTANDWA, E. (2005) Effectiveness of Aloe excelsa in controlling coccidiosis in broilers. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa 7: issue 1.Google Scholar
GIANNENAS, P.M., FLOROU-PANERI, M., PAPAZAHARIADOU, E., CHRISTAKI, E., BOTSOGLOU, N.A. and SPAIS, A.B. (2003) Effect of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on performance of broilers after experimental infection with Eimeria tenella. Archives of Animal Nutrition 57: 99-106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
GUO, F.C., KWAKKEL, R.P., WILLIAMS, B.A., PARAMENTIER, H.K., LI, W.K., YANG, Z.Q. and VERSTEGEN, M.W. (2004) Effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides on cellular and humoral immune responses of E. tenella-infected chickens. Poultry Science 83: 1124-1132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
GUO, F.C., KWAKKEL, R.P., WILLIAMS, B.A., SUO, X., LI, W.K. and VERSTEGEN, M.W. (2005) Coccidiosis immunization: effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides on immune responses of chickens with Eimeria tenella. Avian Diseases 4: 70-73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HAQ, I.U, PASHA, T.N. and KHALIQUE, A. (2011) Comparative efficacy of herbal and allopathy drugs against occidiosis in poultry. Italian Journal of Animal Science 10: e3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HASSAN, S.M., EL-GAYAR, A.K., CADWELL, D.J., BAILEY, C.A. and CARTWRIGHT, A.L. (2008) Guar meal ameliorates Eimeria tenella infection in broiler chicks. Veterinary Parasitology 157: 133-138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
HIKOSAKA, K., EL-ABASY, M., KOYAMA, Y., MOTOBU, M., KOGE, K., ISOBE, T., KANG, C.B., HAYASHIDANI, H., ONODERA, T., WANG, P.C., MATSUMURA, M. and HIROTA, Y. (2007) Immunostimulating effects of the polyphenol-rich fraction of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) extract in chickens. Phytotherapy Research 21: 120-125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
JANG, I.J., JUN, M., LILLEHOJ, H.S., DALLOUL, R.A., KONG, I.K., KIM, S. and MIN, W. (2007) Anticoccidial effect of green tea-based diets against Eimeria maxima. Veterinary Parasitology 144: 172-175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KETTUNEN, H., TIIHONEN, K., PEURANEN, S., SAARINEN, M.T. and REMUS, J.C. (2001) Dietary betaine accumulates in the liver and intestinal epithelium structure in healthy and coccidian infected broiler chickens. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 130: 759-769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KHALAFALLA, R.E. and DAUGSCHIES, A. (2010) In vivo evaluation of anticoccidial effect of antibody fragments expressed in pea (Pasum sativum) on Eimeria tenella sporozoites. Parasitology Research 107: 983-986.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KHAN, M.A., YOUNAS, M., KHAN, I., ABBAS, R.Z. and ALI, M. (2008) Comparative efficacy of some herbal and homeopathic preparations against coccidiosis in broilers. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 10: 358-360.Google Scholar
KLASING, K.C., ADLER, K.L., REMUS, J.C. and CALVERT, C.C. (2002) Dietary betaine increases intraepithelial lymphocytes in the duodenum of coccidial-infected chicks and increases functional properties of phagocytes. Journal of Nutrition 132: 2274-2282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KO, R., SMITH, L.T. and SMITH, G.M. (1994) Glycine betaine confers enhance osmotolerance and cryotolerance on Listeria monocytogenes. Journal of Bacteriology 176: 426-431.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KURKURE, N.V., KOLTE, S.W., BHANDARKAR, A.G. and KALOREY, D.R. (2006) Evaluation of herbal coccidiostat 'Coxynil' in broiler. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 44: 740-744.Google ScholarPubMed
LIU, Y.C., ZENG, J.G., CHEN, B.O. and YAO, S.Z. (2007) Investigation of phenolic constituents in Echinacea purpurea grown in China . Planta Medica 73: 1600-1605.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MARIZVIKURU, M., EVISON, B., MICHAEL, C. and TINYIKO, E.H. (2006) The in vitro studies on the effect of Aloe vera ((L.) Webb. and Berth.) and Aloe spicata (L. f.) on the control of coccidiosis in chickens. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine 4: 128-133.Google Scholar
MCALLISTER, T.A., WANG, Y., HRISTOV, A.N., OLSON, M.E. and CHEEKE, P.R. (1998) Applications of Yucca schidigera in livestock production. Proceedings of 33rd Pacific Northwest Animal Nutrition Conference, Canada, pp. 109-119.Google Scholar
MCDOUGALD, L.R., HOFACRE, C., MATHIS, G., FULLER, L., HARGROVE, J.L., GREENSPAN, P. and HARTLE, D.K. (2008) Enhancement of resistance to coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens by dietary muscadine pomace. Avian Diseases 52: 646-651.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MICHELS, M.G., BERTOLINI, L.C.T., ESTEVES, A.F., MOREIRA, P. and FRANCA, S.C. (2011) Anticoccidial effects of coumestans from Eclipta alba for sustainable control of Eimeria tenella parasitosis in poultry production. Veterinary Parasitology 177: 55-60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MILHAU, G., VALENTIN, A., BENOIT, F., MALLIE, M., BASTIDE, J.M., PELISSIER, Y. and BESSIERE, J.N. (1997) In vitro antimalarial activity of eight essential oils. Journal of Essential Oil Research 9: 329-333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MOLAN, A.L., ZHUOJIAN, L.I.U. and SHAMPA, D.E. (2009) Effect of pine bark (Pinus radiata) extracts on sporulation of coccidian oocysts. Folia parasitological 56: 1-5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NAIDOO, V., MCGAW, L.J., BISSCHOP, S.P., DUNCAN, N. and ELOFF, J.N. (2008) The value of plant extracts with antioxidant activity in attenuating coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Veterinary Parasitology 153: 214-219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, (1992) Neem: a tree for solving global problems. pp.115 (National Academy Press, Washington D.C.).Google Scholar
NIDAULLAH, H., DURRANI, F.R., AHMAD, S., JAN, I.U. and GUL, S. (2010) Aqueous extract from different medicinal plants as anticoccidial, growth promotive and immunostimulant in broilers. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 5: 53-59.Google Scholar
NOGUEIRA, V.A., FRANCA, T.N. and PEIXOTO, P.V. (2009) Ionophore poisoning in animals. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29: 191-197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NWEZE, N.E. and OBIWULU, I.S. (2009) Anticoccidial effects of Ageratum conyzoides. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 122: 6-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
OH, H.G., YOUN, H.G., NOH, H.J., JANG, J.W. and KANG, Y.B. (1995) Anticoccidial effects of artemisin on the Eimeria tenella. Korean Journal Veterinary Research 35: 123-130.Google Scholar
ROY, S., SASMAL, N.K. and MISRA, S.K. (1990) Efficacy of IHP-250C: as coccidiostat in comparison with Bifuran against Eimeria tenella and mixed oocysts infection in broiler chicks. Indian Veterinary Journal 67: 402-406.Google Scholar
SINGH, B.M., ASHUMA, , HARDEEP, K., RANJIT, K., PARAMJIT, K. and JASMER, S. (2008) Efficacy of some phytochemicals against Eimeria tenella infection in broilers. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 22: issue 1.Google Scholar
TIPU, M.A., PASHA, T.N. and ALI, Z. (2002) Comparative efficacy of salinomycin sodium and neem fruit (Azadirachta indica) as feed additive anticoccidials in broilers. International Journal of Poultry Sciences 1: 91-93.Google Scholar
TOULAH, F.H., ISMEEL, H.A. and KHAN, S. (2010) Effect of treatment with Neem (Azadirachta indica) compared with Baycox drug on the caecum of chicken experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella. Journal of Egyptian Society of Parasitology 40: 93-106.Google ScholarPubMed
WALDENSTEDT, L. (2003) Effect of vaccination against coccidiosis in combination with an antibacterial oregano (Origanum vulgare) compound in organic broiler production. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 53: 101-109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WALDENSTEDT, L., ELWINGER, K., HOOSHMAND-RAD, P., THEBO, P. and UGGLA, A. (1998) Comparison between effects of standard feed and whole wheat supplemented diet on experimental Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima infections in broiler chickens. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 39: 461-471.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
WANG, M.L., SUO, X., GU, J.H., ZHANG, W.W., FANG, Q. and WANG, X. (2008) Influence of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in broiler chickens: effect on chicken coccidiosis and antioxidant status. Poultry Science 87: 2273-2280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
WANG, Y., MCALLISTER, T.A., NEWBOLD, C.J., RODE, L.M., CHEEKE, P.R. and CHENG, K.J. (1998) Effects of Yucca schidigera extract on fermentation and degradation of steroidal saponins in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). Animal Feed Science and Technology 74: 143-153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
YIM, D., KANG, S.S., KIM, D.W., KIM, S.H., LILLEHOJ, H.S. and MIN, W. (2011) Protective effects of Aloe vera-based diets in Eimeria maxima-infected broiler chickens. Experimental Parasitology 127: 322-325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
YOUN, H.J. and NOH, J.W. (2001) Screening of the anticoccidial effects of herb extracts against Eimeria tenella. Veterinary Parasitology 96: 257-263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ZAMAN, M.A., IQBAL, Z., ABBAS, R.Z. and KHAN, M.N. (2011) Anticoccidial activity of herbal complex in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria tenella. Parasitology(In Press).Google ScholarPubMed
ZHAI, Z., YI, L., WU, L., SENCHINA, D.S., WURTELE, E.S., MURPHY, P.A., KOHUT, M.L. and CUNNIK, J.E. (2007) Enhancement of innate and adaptive immune functions by multiple Echinacea species . Journal of Medicinal Food 10: 423-434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed