Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T07:41:09.683Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Acid-base balance in broilers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2007

S.A. BORGES ,
A.V. FISCHER DA SILVA  and
A. MAIORKA
S.A. BORGES
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, 81530-000 Curitiba PRBrasil
A.V. FISCHER DA SILVA*
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, 81530-000 Curitiba PRBrasil
A. MAIORKA
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, 81530-000 Curitiba PRBrasil
*
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

High ambient temperature could result in numerous physiological and metabolic changes in broilers, that adversely impact broiler performance and immune response. In addition to environmental control techniques that have been frequently used to reduce the negative impact of heat stress on birds' performance, other measures have been studied. Lately, proper nutritional management has shown to be effect as a preventive measure against heat stress because the function of the thermoregulating system of broilers (heat production, evaporative and nonevaporative routes for heat dissipation) can be influenced by diet. This applies particularly to the establishment of proper electrolyte balances due to their physiological importance in the heat stress mechanism. Thus, nutritional mechanisms should be reassessed as a tool to control this metabolic dysfunction in birds.

Keywords

blood parametersbroilerselectrolyte balanceheat stress
Type
Review Article
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 63 , Issue 1 , March 2007 , pp. 73 - 81
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AIT-BOULAHSEN, A., GARLICH, J.D. and EDENS, F.W. (1995) Potassium chloride improves the thermotolerance of chickens exposed to acute heat stress. Poultry Science 74: 75–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BACILA, M. (1980) Bioquímica Veterinária. Varela, São Paulo, 534 pp.Google Scholar
BELAY, T. and TEETER, R.G. (1993) Broiler water balance and thermobalance during thermoneutral and high ambient temperature exposure. Poultry Science 72: 116–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BORGES, S.A. (1997) Suplementação de cloreto de potássio e bicarbonato de sódio para frangos de corte, durante o verão. MS Thesis, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil.Google Scholar
BORGES, S.A. (2001) Balanço eletrolítico e sua interrelação com o equilíbrio ácido-base em frangos de corte submetidos a estresse calórico. PhD Thesis, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil.Google Scholar
BORGES, S.A., ARIKI, J., SANTIN, E., FISCHER DA SILVA, A.V. and MAIORKA, A. (1999) Balanço eletrolítico em dieta pré-inicial de frangos de corte durante o verão. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 1: 175–179.Google Scholar
BORGES, S.A., FISCHER DA SILVA, A.V., ARIKI, J., HOOGE, D.M. and CUMMINGS, K.R. (2003a) Dietary electrolyte balance for broiler chickens under moderately high ambient temperatures and relative humidities. Poultry Science 82: 301–308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BORGES, S.A., FISCHER DA SILVA, A.V., ARIKI, J., HOOGE, D.M. and CUMMINGS, K.R. (2003b) Dietary electrolyte balance for broiler chickens exposed to thermoneutral or heat-stress environments. Poultry Science 82: 428–435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BRAKE, J., BALNAVE, D. and DIBNER, J.J. (1998) Optimum dietary arginine:lysine ratio for broiler chickens is altered during heat stress in association with changes in intestinal uptake and dietary sodium chloride. British Poultry Science 39: 639–647.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BRANTON, S.L., REECE, F.N. and DEATON, J.W. (1986) Use of ammonium chloride and sodium bicarbonate in acute heat exposure of broilers. Poultry Science 65: 1659–1663.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
CUNNINGHAM, J.G. (1999) Tratado de Fisiologia Veterinária. Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro, 454 pp.Google Scholar
FISCHER DA SILVA, A.V., FLEMMING, J.S. and FRANCO, S.G. (1994) Utilização de diferentes sais na prevenção do estresse calórico de frangos de corte criados em clima quente. Revista Setor de Ciências Agrárias 13: 287–92.Google Scholar
GORMAN, I. and BALNAVE, D. (1994) Effects of dietary mineral supplementation on the performance and mineral retentions of broilers at high ambient temperatures. British Poultry Science 35: 563–572.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
HULAN, H.W., SIMONS, P.C.M. and VAN SCHAGEN, P.J.W. (1987) Effect of altering the cation-anion (Na+K−Cl) and calcium content of the diet on general performance and incidence of tibial dischondroplasia of broiler chickens housed in batteries. Nutrition Reports International 33: 397–408.Google Scholar
HURWITZ, S., COHEN, I. and BAR, A. (1973) Sodium and chloride requirements of chick: relationship to acid-base balance. Poultry Science 52: 903–909.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
HURWITZ, S. (1981) Requirements and interaction of monovalant ions in nutrition. Proceedings of the Annual Minerals Conference, pp. 27–35.Google Scholar
JOHNSON, R.J. and KARUNAJEEWA, H. (1985) The effects of dietary minerals and electrolytes on the growth and physiology of the young chick. Journal of Nutrition 115: 1680–1690.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MACARI, M., FURLAN, R.L. and GONZALES, E. (1994) Fisiologia Aviária Aplicada A Frangos de Corte. Funep, Jaboticabal, 246 pp.Google Scholar
MARCH, B.E. (1984) Sodium chloride supplementation of all plant protein broiler diets. Poultry Science 63: 703–705.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MELLIERE, A.L. and FORBES, R.M. (1966) Effect of altering the dietary cation-anion ratio on food consumption and growth of young chicks. Journal of Nutrition 90: 310–314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MONGIN, P. (1981) Recent advances in dietary cation-anion balance: applications. Proceedings of the Poultry Nutrition Society, pp. 285–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NOSE, H., MACK, G.W., SHI, X. and NADEL, E.R. (1988) Role of osmolality and plasma volume during dehydration in humans. Journal Applied Physiology 65: 325–331.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NATIONAL RESEARCH CONCIL (1994) Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th Revision Edition. National Academy Press, Washington.Google Scholar
PORTSMOUTH, J. (1984). Changes needed in nutrient input data relating to leg problems in poultry. Feedstuffs 56: 43–52.Google Scholar
RONDÓN, E.O.O., MURAKAMI, A.E., FURLAN, A.C. and GARCIA, J. (2000) Exigências nutricionais de sódio e cloro e estimativa do melhor balanço eletrolítico da ração para frangos de corte na fase pré-inicial (1–7 dias de idade). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 29: 1162–1166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SALVADOR, D., ARIKI, J., BORGES, S.A., PEDROSO, A.A. and MORAES, V.M.B. (1999) Suplementação de bicarbonato de sódio na ração e na água de bebida de frangos de corte submetidos ao estresse calórico. ARS Veterinária 15: 144–148.Google Scholar
SMITH, M.O. and TEETER, R.G. (1993) Carbon dioxide, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, and performance of heat distressed broilers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 2: 61–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TEETER, R.G. and BELAY, T. (1996) Broiler management during acute heat stress. Animal Feed Science and Technology 58: 127–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TEETER, R.G., SMITH, M.O., OWENS, F.N., et al. (1985) Chronic heat stress and respiratory alkalosis: occurrence and treatment in broiler chicks. Poultry Science 64: 1060–1064.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed