Hostname: page-component-f554764f5-fnl2l Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-10T08:09:20.891Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The potential for using enzymatic assays to assess the health of turkeys

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 August 2016

K. OGNIK  and
M. KRAUZE
K. OGNIK*
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13. 20-950 Lublin, Poland
M. KRAUZE
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13. 20-950 Lublin, Poland
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Enzymatic activity assays, used mainly to show biochemical transformations in humans and mammals, have recently found increasing application in birds. Enzyme activity in birds is affected by numerous factors, including age, sex, species, breed, nutrition, physiological state, and farming techniques. In large-scale poultry breeding, in a flock that may number over ten thousand birds, individual birds may be in different stages of development of a disease process, and may respond differently to stress factors present during rearing. There is also high individual variation among birds, so that results of enzyme activity analyses fall within fairly broad ranges. The aim of this paper is to review experiments on the activity of selected antioxidant, liver and cardiac enzyme profiles in turkey tissues. The results of many years of measurements of the activity of selected enzymes, presented in this study, may be considered physiologically normal for this group of birds. Analyses of the activity of these enzymes are important in determining whether oxidative stress reactions are induced in cells and which cells or organs have been damaged. During oxidative stress, which leads to cell damage or organ dysfunction (of the liver or heart), there is generally an increase in the activity of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, GGT, SORD, MDH, AC, G6PC, G6PD, Cp, CK and HBDH, and a decrease in that of SOD, GPx, CAT, ACHE, BCHE, SDH, Ca2+ATPase. On the basis of the literature reviewed it can be concluded that the use of feed components and supplements with antioxidant or immunostimulatory properties can mitigate oxidative stress, which is manifested as beneficial changes in the activity of these enzymes.

Keywords

turkeyenzymeantioxidant profilehepaticcardiac profile
Type
Reviews
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 72 , Issue 3 , September 2016 , pp. 535 - 550
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

ALONSO-ALVAREZ, C., PEREZ, C. and VELANDO, A. (2007) Effects of acute exposure to heavy fuel oil from the Prestige spill on a seabird. Aquatic Toxicology 84: 103-110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BENTO, I., PEIXOTO, C., ZAITSEV, V.N. and LINDLEY, P.F. (2007) Ceruloplasmin revisited: structural and functional roles of various metal cation-binding sites. Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 63: 240-248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BRODACKI, A., BATKOWSKA, J. and ZADURA, A. (2006) Influence of Different Poultry Production Systemson Hematological and Biochemical Indices in Blood of Turkey Broilers. Annales UMCS 24 sec.EE: 335-342 (in Polish).Google Scholar
BUKOWSKA, B., PIENIĄŻEK, D., HUTNIK, K. and DUDA, W. (2007) Acetyl - and butyrylcholinesterase - structure, functions and their inhibitors . Current Topics in Biophysics 30 suppl. A: 11-23 (in Polish).Google Scholar
ÇOKUĞRAŞ, A.N. (2003) Butyrylcholinesterase: Structure and Physiological Importance. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry 28: 54-61.Google Scholar
CZECH, A., OGNIK, K. and GRELA, E.R. (2012) Efficacy of a mixture of synthetic antioxidant and protein-xanthophyll alfalfa concentrate in turkey hens feeding. Archiv für Geflügelkunde European Poultry Science 76: 105-112.Google Scholar
CZECH, A., OGNIK, K., SEMBRATOWICZ, I. and CHAŁABIS-MAZUREK, A. (2014) Concentration of trace elements vs redox status in blood, liver and muscles of turkey hens fed diets with the addition of soybean or linseed oil. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 58: 81-85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CZECH, A. and OGNIK, K. (2014) The effect of using soyabean or linseed oil with RRR-d-α-tocopherol or dl-α-tocopherol acetate on haematological parameters and rearing performance of young turkey hens. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 23: 262-268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DAS, T., PAL, A.K., CHAKRABORTY, S.K., MANUSH, S.M., CHATTERJEE, N. and APTE, S.K. (2006) Metabolic elasticity and induction of heat shock protein (hsp-70) in Labeo rohita acclimated to four temperatures. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 19: 1033-1039.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DEMBIŃSKA-KIEĆ, A. and NASKALSKI, J.W. (2009) Diagnostyka laboratoryjna z elementami biochemii klinicznej. Podręcznik dla studentów medycyny. Edition III, Elsevier, Urban & Partner, Wrocław.Google Scholar
DIVISI, D., DI TOMMASO, S. and SALVEMINI, S. (2006) Diet and cancer. Acta Biomedica 77: 118-123.Google ScholarPubMed
DROBEK-SŁOWIK, M., KARCZEWICZ, D. and SAFRANOW, K. (2007) The potential role of oxitative stress in the pathogenesis of the age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej(online) 61: 28-37.Google Scholar
DZIEWULSKA-SZWAJKOWSKA, D., ŁOZIŃSKA-GABSKA, M., ADAMOWICZ, A., WOJTASZEK, J. and DZUGAJ, A. (2003) The effect of high dose of cortisol on glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity, and glucose and fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate concentration in carp tissues (Cyprinus carpio L. ). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B 135: 485-491.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
EGESIE, O.J., GESIE, D.E., ISIGUZORO, I. and EGESIE, U.G. (2008) Glucose -6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity and deficiency in a population of Nigerian males resident in Jos. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences 23: 9-11.Google Scholar
FOYE, O.T., UNI, Z., MCMURTRY, J.P. and FERKET, P.R. (2006) The Effects of Amniotic Nutrient Administration, “In ovo Feeding” of Arginine And/or ß-Hydroxy-ß-Methyl Butyrate (HMB) on Insulin-like Growth Factors, Energy Metabolism and Growth in Turkey. International Journal of Poultry Science 5: 309-317.Google Scholar
GARG, U., PAL, A., JHA, G. and JADHAO, S. (2004) Haemato-biochemical and immuno-pathophysiological effects of chronic toxicity with synthetic pyrethroid, organophosphate and chlorinated pesticides in broiler chicks. International Immunopharmacology 4: 1709-1722.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
GHOSH, A., SHIEH, J.J., PAN, C.J. and CHOU, J.Y. (2004) Histidine 167 is the phosphate acceptor in glucose-6-phosphatase-beta forming a phosphohistidine enzyme intermediate during catalysis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 279: 12479-12483.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
GRUCKA-MAMCZAR, E., BIRKNER, E., ZALEJSKA-FIOLKA, J., KASPERCZYK, S., KASPERCZYK, A., STAWIARSKA-PIETA, B., BIRKNER, B. and POLONIAK, R. (2007) Impact sodium fluoride and caffeine on the activity of selected liver's enzymes of rat. Bromatologia. Chemia. Toksykologia, 40: 389-393 (in Polish).Google Scholar
GRYSZCZYŃSKA, B. and ISKRA, M. (2008) Interaction between exogenous and endogenous antioxidants in the human body. Nowiny Lekarskie 77: 50-55.Google Scholar
GRYZIŃSKA, M.M., KRAUZE, M. and STRACHECKA, A.J. (2012) Ca2+-ATPase activity according to the sex and age of Polbar hens. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 68: 483-487.Google Scholar
HANDLER, J.A., GENELL, C.A. and GOLDSTEIN, R.S. (1994) Hepatobiliary function in senescence male Sprague-Dawley rats. Hepatology 19: 1496-1503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
HONGU, N. and SACHAN, D. (2000) Caffeine, carnitine and choline supplementation of rats decreases body fat and serum leptin concentration as does exercise. Journal of Nutrition 130: 152-157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
HUFF, G.R., HUFF, W.E., RATH, N.C., ANTHONY, N.B. and NESTOR, K.E. (2008) Effects of Escherichia coli Challenge and Transport Stress on Hematology and Serum Chemistry Values of Three Genetic Lines of Turkeys. Poultry Science 87: 2234-2241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
INKSON, C.A., BRABBS, A.C., GREWAL, T.S., SKERRY, T.M. and GENEVER, P.G. (2004) Characterisation of acetylcholin-esterase expression and secretion during osteoblast differentiation. Bone 35: 819-827.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
JAMES, L.P., MAYEUX, P.R. and HINSON, J.A. (2003) Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 31: 1499-1506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KADIAM, C., SUBBAIAH, V. and RANIPRAMEEL, D. (2011) Perturbations in the antioxidant metabolism during Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection in chicken. Naturwissenschaften 98: 1019-1026.Google Scholar
KĘDZIERSKA, K., BOBER, J., KWIATKOWSKA, E., STACHOWSKA, E., OLSZEWSKA, M., CHLUBEK, D. and CIECHANOWSKI, K. (2008) Oxidative stress and trace elements affect the activity of sodium transporting systems in a cellular membrane of erythrocyte. Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis 54: 105-114.Google Scholar
KAWASHIMA, K. and FUJII, T. (2003) The lymphocytic cholinergic system and its contribution to the regulation of immune activity. Life Sciences 74: 675-696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KODA, M., KAWAKAMI, M., MURAWAKI, Y. and SENDA, M. (2007) The impact of visceral fat in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Crosssectional and longitudinal studies. Journal of Gastroenterology 42: 897-903.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KOINARSKI, V., GEORGIEVA, N., GADJEVA, V. and PETKOV, P. (2005) Antioxidant status of broiler chickens, infected with Eimeria acervulina . Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire 156 (10): 498-502.Google Scholar
KONCICKI, A. and KRASNODĘBSKA-DEPTA, A. (2005) The possibility of using hematology and biochemistry in the diagnosis of poultry diseases. Magazyn Weterynaryjny supl. Drób: 20-22 (in Polish).Google Scholar
KONCICKI, A., BUKOWSKA, A., MAZUR-GONKOWSKA, B., KRASNODEBSKA-DEPTA, A. and STENZEL, T. (2006) Evaluating 4-nitrophenylarsonic acid efficacy in preventing Histomonas meleagridis invasions in turkeys. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 62: 1191-1194.Google Scholar
KOTAKA, M., GOVER, S., VANDEPUTTE-RUTTEN, L., AU, S., LAM, V. and ADAMS, M. (2005) Structural studies of glucose-6-phosphate and NADP+ binding to human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 61: 495-504.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KRAMER, J.W., HOFFMANN, W.E. (1997) Clinical enzymology. Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. 5th. Academic Press and San Diego: 303-326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KRAUZE, M. (2013) The possibility of using selected enzymatic indicators in the assessment of stress response turkey hens for fattening neutralized by the addition L-carnitine or choline. Rozprawy Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie 377: ISSN: 1899-2374 (in Polish).Google Scholar
ŁUKASZEWICZ-HUSSAIN, A. (2003) The role of glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes in antioxidative processes. Medycyna Pracy 54: 473-479.Google Scholar
ŁUKASZEWICZ-HUSSAIN, A. and MONIUSZKO-JAKONIUK, J. (2004) Liver catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase activity, reduced glutathione and hydrogen peroxide levels in acute intoxication with chlorfenvinphos, an organophosphate insecticide. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 13: 303-309.Google Scholar
MA, H., SUMBILLA, C.M., FARRANCE, I.K., KLEIN, M.G. and INESI, G. (2004) Cell-specific expression of SERCA, the exogenous Ca2+ transport ATPase, in cardiac miocytes . American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology 286: 556-564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MESLAM, M., GUILLOZET, A., SHAW, P. and QUINN, B. (2002) Widely spread butyrylcholinesterase can hydrolyze acetylcholine in the normal and Alzheimer brain. Neurobiology of Disease 9: 88-93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MOKONDJIMOBE, E., LONGO-MBENZA, B., AKIANA, J., NDALLA, U.O., DOSSOU-YOVO, R., MBOUSSA, J. and PARRA, H.J. (2012) Biomarkers of oxidative stress and personalized treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: Emerging role of gamma-glutamyltransferase. Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10.1155: 1-7.Google Scholar
NEERAJ KUMAR, S.B., JADHAO, N.K., CHANDAN KUNDAN KUMAR, A.K., JHA, S. and BHUSHAN SAURAV KUMAR, R.S. (2012) Rana dietary choline, betaine and lecithin mitigates endosulfan-induced stress in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Fish Physiology and Biochememistry 38: 989-1000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NICHOLSON, D.S., LOCHMILLER, R.L., STEWART, M.D., MASTERS, R.E. and LESLIE, D.M. (2000) Risk factors associated with capture-related death in eastern wild turkey hens. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 36: 308-315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
OGNIK, K. and SEMBRATOWICZ, I. (2007) Influence of Biostymina and Bioaron C on some anti-oxidation and immune indices of turkey-hens' blood. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 16 (3A): 209-212.Google Scholar
OGNIK, K. and CZECH, A. (2010) The effect of diversified doses of aloes plus-a plant preparation on the level of antioxidant indices in the blood of turkey hens. Journal of Applied Animal Research 38: 45-48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OGNIK, K. and SEMBRATOWICZ, I. (2011) Influence of a newly-synthesised 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazyne derivative on antioxidant indices of blood and performance of turkey hens. South African Journal of Animal Science 41: 403-412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OGNIK, K. and WERTELECKI, T. (2012) Effect of different vitamin E sources and levels on selected oxidative status indices in blood and tissues as well as on rearing performance of slaughter turkey hens. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 21: 259-271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OGNIK, K. and KRAUZE, M. (2012) Dietary supplementation of mannanoligosaccharides to turkey hens on their growth performance and antioxidant status in the blood. South African Journal of Animal Science 42: 379-388.Google Scholar
OGNIK, K. (2013) The possibility of using natural antioxidants in feeding of slaughter poultry as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation. Rozprawy Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie 370: ISSN 1899-2374: 1-146 (in Polish).Google Scholar
OGNIK, K., CZECH, A. and STACHYRA, K. (2013) Effect of a natural versus a synthetic antioxidant, and sex and age on the redox profile in the blood of growing turkeys. South African Journal of Animal Science 43: 473-481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OGNIK, K. and CZECH, A. (2014) Effect of applying soybean and linseed oil and different forms of tocopherol on the redox and immune profiles in blood of slaughter turkey hens. South African Journal of Animal Science 44: 322-334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OGNIK, K., SEMBRATOWICZ, I., CZECH, A., KULAK, E. and MERSKA, M. (2015) Effect of an aloe preparation and 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine on the redox profile of the blood of turkey hens subjected to stress. Annals Animal Science 15: 93-105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OGUNKEYE, O.O. and ROLUGA, A.L. (2006) Serum cholinesterase activity helps to distinguish between liver disease and non-liver disease aberration in liver function . Pathophysiology 13: 91-93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ORDONEZ, F., ROSETY-PLAZA, M. and ROSETY-RODRIGUEZ, M. (2006) Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase is also increased in erythrocytes from adolescents with Down syndrome. Down Syndrome Research and Practice 11: 84-87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
PAL, A.K., KUSHWAH, H.S. and KUSHWAH, A. (1990) Impact of Malathion dipping one some carbohydrate constituents in poultry birds. Indian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 15: 104-110.Google Scholar
PILLAY, C., ELLIOT, E. and DENNISON, C. (2002) Endolysosomal proteolysis and its regulation. Biochemical Journal 363: 417-429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
PLEWKA, A., KAMIŃSKI, M., PLEWKA, D. and NOWACZYK, G. (2000) Glucose-6-phosphatase and age: biochemical and histochemical studies . Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 113: 49-59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
PLEWKA, A., PLEWKA, D. and IHNATOWICZ, J. (2006) Animals manifested the influence of age and some inducers on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 14: 87-93.Google Scholar
SANDERCOCK, D.A., HUNTER, E.R., NUTE, G.R., MITCHELL, M.A. and HOCKING, P.M. (2001) Acute heat stress-induced alterations in blood acid-base status and skeletal muscle membrane integrity in broiler chickens at two ages: implications for meat quality. Poultry Science 80: 418-425.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SANDERCOCK, D.A. and MITCHELL, M.A. (2003) Myopathy in broiler chickens: A role for Ca2+-activated phospholipase A2. Poultry Science 82: 1307-1312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SANGIAO-ALVARELLOS, S., GUZMAN, J.M., LAIZ-CARRION, R., MÍGUEZ, J.M., DEL RÍO, M.P.M., MANCERA, J.M. and SOENGAS, J.L. (2005) Interactive effects of high stocking density and food deprivation on carbohydrate metabolism in several tissues of gilthead sea bream Sparus auratus. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A 303: 761-775.Google ScholarPubMed
SCHALLREUTER, K.U., ELWARY, S.M., GIBBONS, N.C., ROKOS, H. and WOOD, J.M. (2004) Activation/deactivation of acetylcholinesterase by H2O2: more evidence for oxidative stress in vitiligo . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 315: 502-508.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SCHELLING, B., MURRAY, J., YOO, C.B., ROW, R.H., CUSACK, M.P., CAPALDI, R.A. and GIBSON, B.W. (2006) Proteomic analysis of succinate dehydrogenase and ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase (Complex II and III) isolated by immunoprecipitation from bovine and mouse heart mitochondria. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1762: 213-222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SEMBRATOWICZ, I., OGNIK, K., TRUCHLIŃSKI, J. and MODZELEWSKA-BANACHIEWICZ, B. (2004) The influence of 1,2,4-triazole and 5-oxo-triazyne derivatives on some indices of blood and performance of turkey hens. Journal of Animal Feed Sciences 13: 39-42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SKRZYCKI, M. and CZECZOT, H. (2004) Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) - structure, properties and functions. Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej(online) 58: 301-311.Google ScholarPubMed
SRIRAJASKANTHAN, R. and PREEDY, V. (2006) Biochemical markers of alcoholism and their clinical effectiveness. Journal of Clinical Nursing 9 Suppl. 3: 280-285.Google Scholar
STARCHER, B. and HILL, C.H. (1965) Hormonal induction of ceruloplasmin in chicken serum. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 15: 429-434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ŚCIBIOR, D. and CZECZOT, H. (2006) Catalase: structure, properties, functions. Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej(online) 60: 170-180.Google ScholarPubMed
TRIPATHI, G. and VERMA, P. (2004) Endosulfan - mediated biochemical changes in the freshwater fish Clarias batrachus . Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 17: 47-56.Google ScholarPubMed
WITMER, A.N., VRENSEN, G.F., VAN NOORDEN, C.J. and SCHLINGEMANN, R.O. (2003) Vascular endothelial growth factors and angiogenesis in eye disease. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 22: 11-29.Google Scholar
WON, J.S., KIM, J., ANNAMALAI, B., SHUNMUGAVEL, A., SINGHM, I. and SINGH, A.K. (2013) Protective role of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) against cognitive impairment in rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 34: 621-635.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
XU, Z.R., WANG, M.Q., MAO, H.X., ZHAN, X.A. and HU, C.H. (2003) Effects of L-carnitine on growth performance, carcass composition, and metabolism of lipids in male broilers. Poultry Science 82: 408-413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed