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Concepts and methods for understanding bone metabolism in laying hens

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2012

W.K. KIM ,
S.A. BLOOMFIELD ,
T. SUGIYAMA  and
S.C. RICKE
W.K. KIM*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2, Canada
S.A. BLOOMFIELD
Affiliation:
Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843-4243, USA
T. SUGIYAMA
Affiliation:
Department of Agrobiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 9502181, Japan
S.C. RICKE
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayatteville, AR 72704-4678, USA
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

Laying hens have a unique bone turnover due to the daily egg laying cycle. Laying hens have three distinctive kinds of bones related to egg formation: cortical, cancellous, and medullary bones. Cortical bone is a compact structural bone, whereas cancellous bone is the three-dimensional lattice-like honeycomb architecture at the end of long bones. Medullary bone is a highly labile woven bone lying in the marrow cavities. Medullary bone acts as Ca storage for egg shell formation. Thus, bone quality is closely related with egg production and eggshell quality. During the daily egg laying cycle, medullary bone osteoclasts alternately cease and accelerate bone resorption. Although osteoclast numbers are not changed during the daily egg laying cycle, considerable morphological changes in osteoclasts occur along with changes in calcium requirements for egg shell formation. Furthermore, the selection of proper methods is critical to obtain precise bone evaluation data, and include bone ashing, densitometric techniques, mechanical testing, or histomorphometry to evaluate bone status in laying hens. Since bone metabolism in laying hens is related to economic and animal welfare issues, better understanding of bone metabolism in laying hens would be important to enhance productivity and improve animal welfare.

Keywords

laying hensmedullary bonecancellous bonecortical boneosteoclastegg productionbone remodellinghistomorphometrybone density
Type
Review Article
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 68 , Issue 1 , March 2012 , pp. 71 - 82
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2012

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