Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T15:54:39.274Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Political Geography of Legal Integration

Visualizing Institutional Change in the European Union

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 June 2018

R. Daniel Kelemen  and
Tommaso Pavone

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

How are processes of political development structured across space and time by preexisting institutions? This article develops a spatiotemporal theory of institutional change by analyzing the evolving infrastructural power of the European Union's legal order using geospatial methods. Specifically, the authors theorize that the pattern and pace of the domestic spread of EU law has been shaped by preexisting state institutions—particularly by the degree to which national judiciaries are hierarchically organized. To assess this claim, the article compares patterns of domestic judicial enforcement of EU law across France (a unitary state with a centralized judiciary), Italy (a weaker unitary state with a centralized judiciary), and Germany (a federal state with a decentralized judiciary). Developing a geospatial approach to the study of legal integration and historical institutionalism more broadly, the authors leverage an original geocoded data set of cases referred to the European Court of Justice by national courts to visualize how the subnational penetration of Europe's supranational legal order is conditioned by state institutions.

Type
Research Article
Information
World Politics , Volume 70 , Issue 3 , July 2018 , pp. 358 - 397
Copyright
Copyright © Trustees of Princeton University 2018 

References

Alter, Karen. 1996. “The European Court's Political Power.” West European Politics 19, no. 3: 458–87. doi: 10.1080/01402389608425146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alter, Karen. 2001. Establishing the Supremacy of European Law: The Making of an International Rule of Law in Europe. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Alter, Karen, and Helfer, Laurence. 2017. The Law and Politics of the Andean Tribunal of Justice. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Audretsch, D. B. 1998. “Agglomeration and the Location of Innovative Activity.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 14, no. 2: 18–29. doi: 10.1093/oxrep/14.2.18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, John. 2006. Judiciaries Within Europe: A Comparative Review. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bennett, Andrew, and Checkel, Jeffrey, eds. 2014. Process Tracing: From Metaphor to Analytic Tool. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berman, Harold J. 1983. Law and Revolution: The Formation of the Western Legal Tradition. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Börzel, Tanja A., and Risse, Thomas. 2003. “Conceptualizing the Domestic Impact of Europe.” In Kevin Featherstone and Claudio M. Radaelli, eds., The Politics of Europeanization. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Boucoyannis, Deborah. 2005. “Land, Courts, and Parliaments: The Hidden Sinews of Power in the Emergence of Constitutionalism.” Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Burley, Anne-Marie, and Mattli, Walter. 1993. “Europe before the Court: A Political Theory of Legal Integration.” International Organization 47, no. 1: 41–76. doi: 10.1017/S0020818300004707.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cammett, Melanie, and Issar, Sukriti. 2010. “Bricks and Mortar Clientelism: Sectarianism and the Logics of Welfare Allocation in Lebanon.” World Politics 62, no. 3 (July): 381–421. doi: 10.1017/S0043887110000080.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carrubba, Clifford J., Matthew Gabel, and Hankla, Charles. 2008. “Judicial Behavior under Political Constraints: Evidence from the European Court of Justice.” American Political Science Review 102, no. 4: 435–52. doi: 10.1017/S000 3055408080350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casonato, Carlo, and Woelk, Jens, eds. 2008. Costituzione della Repubblica italiana. Trento, Italy: Università di Trento. At http://www.jus.unitn.it/dsg/pubblicazioni/costituzione/costituzione%20genn2008ita.pdf, accessed April 13, 2018.Google Scholar
Chalmers, Damian, and Chaves, Mariana. 2012. “The Reference Points of EU Judicial Politics.” Journal of European Public Policy 19, no. 1: 25–42. doi: 10.1080/13501763.2012.632125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cho, Wendy K. Tam, and Gimpel, James G.. 2012. “Geographic Information Systems and the Spatial Dimensions of American Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science 15: 443–60. doi: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-031710-112215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowe, Justin. 2012. Building the Judiciary: Law, Courts, and the Politics of Institutional Development. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Davies, Bill. 2012. Resisting the European Court of Justice. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European Commission. 2016. “North Rhine-Westphalia.” At https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/regional-innovation-monitor/base-profile/north-rhine-westphalia, accessed September 8, 2016.Google Scholar
Feldman, Maryann P. 1999. “The New Economics of Innovation Spillovers and Agglomeration: A Review of Empirical Studies.” Economics of Innovation and New Technology 8, 1–2: 5–25. doi: 10.1080/10438599900000002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fioretos, Orfeo. 2011. Creative Reconstructions: Multilateralism and European Varieties of Capitalism after 1950. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Fontanelli, Filippo, and Martinico, Giuseppe. 2010. “Between Procedural Impermeability and Constitutional Openness: The Italian Constitutional Court and Preliminary References to the European Court of Justice.” European Law Journal 16, no. 3: 345–64. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0386.2010.00511.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franzese, Robert, and Hays, Jude C.. 2008. “Interdependence in Comparative Politics: Substance, Theory, Empirics, Substance.” Comparative Political Studies 41, 4–5: 742–80. doi: 10.1177/0010414007313122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frymer, Paul. 2008. “Law and American Political Development.” Law and Social Inquiry 33, no. 3: 779–803. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4469.2008.00121.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frymer, Paul. 2017. Building an American Empire: The Era of Territorial and Political Expansion. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Fukuyama, Francis. 2012. The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution. New York, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Google Scholar
Garrett, Geoffrey. 1992. “International Cooperation and Institutional Choice: The European Community's Internal Market.” International Organization 46, no. 2: 533–60. doi: 10.1017/S0020818300027806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Getis, Arthur, and Ord, J. K.. 1992. “The Analysis of Spatial Association by Use of Distance Statistics.” Geographical Analysis 24, no. 3: 189–206. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-4632.1992.tb00261.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede, and Ward, Michael D.. 2006. “Diffusion and the International Context of Democratization.” International Organization 60, no. 4: 911–33. doi: 10.1017/S0020818306060309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede, and Weidmann, Nils D.. 2012. “Richardson in the Information Age: Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Data in International Studies.” Annual Review of Political Science 15, June: 461–81. doi: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-031710-112604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gompert, David C., and Larrabee, F. Stephen. 1998. America and Europe: A Partnership for a New Era. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hacker, Jacob S. 2004. “Privatizing Risk Without Privatizing the Welfare State: The Hidden Politics of Social Policy Retrenchment in the United States.” American Political Science Review 98, no. 2: 243–60. doi: 10.1017/S0003055404001121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, Peter A. 2016. “Politics as a Process Structured in Space and Time.” In Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Historical Institutionalism. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Halliday, Terrence C., and Shaffer, Gregory. 2015. Transnational Legal Orders. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hooghe, Liesbet, Marks, Gary, Schakel, Arjan H., Niedzwiecki, Sara, Osterkatz, Sandra Chapman, and Shair-Rosenfield, Sharon. 2016. Measuring Regional Authority: A Postfunctionalist Theory of Governance, Vol. 1. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ingram, Matthew C. 2016. “Mandates, Geography, and Networks: Diffusion of Criminal Procedure Reform in Mexico.” Latin American Politics and Society 58, no. 1: 121–45. doi: 10.1111/j.1548-2456.2016.00301.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacoby, Wade. 2002. “Ordering from the Menu.” Paper presented at the Enlargement and European Governance ECPR Joint Session Workshops, Turin, Italy, March 22–27.Google Scholar
Jupille, Joseph, and Caporaso, James A.. 2009. “Domesticating Discourses: European Law, English Judges, and Political Institutions.” European Political Science Review 1, no. 2: 205–28. doi: 10.1017/S1755773909000149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelemen, R. Daniel. 2011. Eurolegalism: The Transformation of Law and Regulation in the European Union. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelemen, R. Daniel. 2016. “Constructing the European Judiciary.” Paper presented at the 23rd International Conference for Europeanists, Philadelphia, Pa., April 16.Google Scholar
Kelemen, R. Daniel, and Pavone, Tommaso. 2016. “Mapping European Law.” Journal of European Public Policy 23, no. 8: 1118–38. doi: 10.1080/13501763.2016.1186211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelemen, R. Daniel, and Pavone, Tommaso. 2018a. “Replication data for: The Political Geography of Legal Integration: Visualizing Institutional Change in the European Union.” Harvard Dataverse, V1. At https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/NTR9MZ.Google Scholar
Kelemen, R. Daniel, and Pavone, Tommaso. 2018b. Supplementary material for “The Political Geography of Legal Integration: Visualizing Institutional Change in the European Union.” At https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887118000011.Google Scholar
Krugman, Paul. 1991. “Increasing Returns and Economic Geography.” Journal of Political Economy 99, no. 3: 483–99. doi: 10.1086/261763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindseth, Peter L. 2010. Power and Legitimacy: Reconciling Europe and the Nation State. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahoney, James, and Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, eds. 2003. Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahoney, James, and Thelen, Kathleen. 2010. “A Theory of Gradual Institutional Change.” In James Mahoney and Kathleen Thelen, eds., Explaining Institutional Change: Ambiguity, Agency, and Power. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mann, Michael. 1984. “The Autonomous Power of the State: Its Origins, Mechanisms, and Results.” European Journal of Sociology 25, no. 2: 185–213. doi: 10.1017/S0003975600004239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martinsen, Dorte Sindbjerg. 2015. An Ever More Powerful Court? The Political Constraints of Legal Integration in the European Union. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Obermaier, Andreas. 2008. “The National Judiciary—Swords of the European Court of Justice: Rulings: The Example of the Kohll/Dekker Jurisprudence.” European Law Journal 14, no. 6: 735–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orren, Karen, and Skowronek, Stephen. 2004. The Search for American Political Development. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsons, Craig. 2003. A Certain Idea of Europe. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Pavone, Tommaso. 2015. “Law Deserts and Legal Battlefields.” Paper presented at the 2nd Annual University of Texas Graduate Conference in Public Law, Austin, Tex., September 24–26.Google Scholar
Pech, Laurent, and Scheppele, Kim Lane. 2017. “Illiberalism Within: Rule of Law Backsliding in the EU.” Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 19, December: 3–47. doi: 10.1017/cel.2017.9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierson, Paul. 1995. Dismantling the Welfare State? Reagan, Thatcher and the Politics of Retrenchment. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Plötner, Jens. 1998. “Report on France.” In Anne-Marie Slaughter, Alec Stone Sweet, and Joseph H. H. Weiler, eds., The European Courts and National Courts Doctrine & Jurisprudence: Legal Change in its Social Context. Oxford, UK: Hart Publishing.Google Scholar
Powell, Walter, and DiMaggio, Paul, eds. 2012. The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Robertson, Paul, and Langlois, Richard. 1995. “Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration.” Research Policy 24, no. 4: 543–62. doi: 10.1016/S0048-7333(94)00786-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schimmelfennig, Frank, and Sedelmeier, Ulrich. 2005. The Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Schultz, Kenneth A. 2015. “Mapping Interstate Territorial Conflict: A New Data Set and Applications.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 61, no. 7: 1565–90. doi: 10.1177/0022002715620470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, James C. 1998. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Skowronek, Stephen. 1982. Building a New American State: The Expansion of National Administrative Capacities, 1877–1920. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soifer, Hillel. 2012. “Measuring State Capacity in Contemporary Latin America.” Revista de Ciencia Política 32, no. 3: 585–98.Google Scholar
Soifer, Hillel. Forthcoming. “Choosing the Unit of Analysis in Subnational Comparison.” In Augustina Giraudy, Eduardo Moncada, and Snyder, Richard, eds., Inside Countries: Subnational Research in Comparative Politics. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Stasavage, David. 2010. “When Distance Mattered: Georgraphic Scale and the Development of European Representative Assemblies.” American Political Science Review 104, no. 4: 625–43. doi: 10.1017/S0003055410000444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staszak, Sarah. 2014. No Day in Court: Access to Justice and the Politics of Judicial Retrenchment. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Stepan, Alfred C. 1999. “Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the US Model.” Journal of Democracy 10 no. 4: 19–34. doi:10.1353/jod.1999.0072.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone Sweet, Alec. 2000. Governing with Judges: Constitutional Politics in Europe. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone Sweet, Alec. 2004. The Judicial Construction of Europe. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone Sweet, Alec. 2010. “The European Court of Justice and the Judicialization of EU Governance.” Living Reviews in European Governance 5 no. 2: 1–50. doi: 10.12 942/lreg-2010-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone Sweet, Alec, and Brunell, Thomas L.. 1998. “Constructing a Supranational Constitution: Dispute Resolution and Governance in the European Community.” American Political Science Review 93, no. 1: 63–81. doi: 10.2307/2585929.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strang, David, and Meyer, John W.. 1993. “Institutional Conditions for Diffusion.” Theory and Society 22, no. 4: 487–511. doi: 10.1007/BF00993595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strang, David, and Soule, Sarah A.. 1998. “Diffusion in Organizations and Social Movements: From Hybrid Corn to Poison Pills.” Annual Review of Sociology 24, August: 265–90. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strayer, Joseph. 1970. On the Medieval Origins of the Modern State. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Streeck, Wolfgang, and Thelen, Kathleen. 2005. Beyond Continuity: Institutional Change in Advanced Political Economies. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Teece, David J. 1996. “Firm Organization, Industrial Structure, and Technological Innovation.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 31, no. 2: 193– 224. doi: 10.1016/S0167-2681(96)00895-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treib, Oliver. 2008. “Implementing and Complying with EU Governance Outputs.” Living Reviews in European Governance 3, no. 5: 4–30. At http://edoc.vifapol.de/opus/volltexte/2011/2474/pdf/lreg_2008_5Color.pdf, accessed April 12, 2018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treisman, Daniel. 2002. “Defining and Measuring Decentralization: A Global Perspective.” Working Paper. University of California, Los Angeles. At https://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/polisci/faculty/treisman/Papers/defin.pdf., accessed April 12, 2018.Google Scholar
Tridimas, George, and Tridimas, Takis. 2004. “National Courts and the European Court of Justice: A Public Choice Analysis of the Preliminary Reference Procedure.” International Review of Law and Economics 24, no. 2: 125–45. doi: 10.1016/j.irle.2004.08.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vallbe, Joan-Joseph. 2014. “Measuring the Judicial Power of Regions: A Judicial Regional Authority Index.” Working Paper. University of Barcelona. At https://ecpr.eu/filestore/paperproposal/8bab9f0e-3ba5-4b0a-895a-b569e2ae8fb6.pdf, accessed April 12, 2018.Google Scholar
Vauchez, Antoine, and de Witte, Bruno, eds. 2013. Lawyering Europe: European Law as a Transnational Social Field. Oxford, UK: Hart Publishing.Google Scholar
Vink, Maarten, Claes, Monica, and Arnold, Christine. 2009. “Explaining the Use of Preliminary References by Domestic Courts in EU Member States.” Paper presented at the 2009 European Union Studies Association Conference, Marina del Rey, April 24.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. 1921. “Politik als Beruf.” In Gesammelte Politische Schriften. Munich, Germany: Duncker & Humblodt. At http://polisci2.ucsd.edu/foundation/documents/03Weber1918.pdf, accessed April 13, 2018.Google Scholar
Weiler, J. H. H. 1991. “The Transformation of Europe.” Yale Law Journal 100, no. 8: 2403–83. At http://www.jstor.org/stable/i232711, accessed April 12, 2018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiler, J. H. H. 1994. “A Quiet Revolution: The European Court of Justice and its Interlocutors.” Comparative Political Studies 26, no. 4: 510–34. doi: 10.1177/0010414094026004006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wind, Marlene. 2010. “The Nordics, the EU and the Reluctance towards Supranational Judicial Review.” Journal of Common Market Studies 48, no. 4: 1039– 63. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5965.2010.02085.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ziblatt, Daniel. 2007. Structuring the State: The Formation of Italy and Germany and the Puzzle of Federalism. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Kelemen et al. supplementary material

Kelemen et al. supplementary material 1

Download Kelemen et al. supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 1.2 MB
Supplementary material: File

Kelemen et al. supplementary material

Kelemen et al. supplementary material 2

Download Kelemen et al. supplementary material(File)
File 19.5 KB