Article contents
A New Brezhnev Doctrine: The Restructuring of International Relations
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 June 2011
Abstract
Contemporary Soviet doctrine on international relations emphasizes changes in the relationships of both domestic and world political structures; all the processes of restructuring are said to be “organically” interconnected. An extensive reconceptualization of domestic processes of social change has provided ideological legitimation for elites in the highly bureaucratized Soviet system. Meanwhile, according to Soviet spokesmen, the world correlation of forces has shifted decisively in favor of the U.S.S.R. Because of this change in the world balance, the Soviets claim the power to set the rules in international relations. The new Brezhnev Doctrine projects the U.S.S.R. as the center of the world, largely determining the direction and pace of political change. The Soviet leaders view detente in terms of rational acceptance by the “imperialist camp” of unavoidable processes of restructuring favorable to the “socialist camp.”
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Trustees of Princeton University 1978
References
1 Lebedev, N., “The USSR's Effort to Restructure International Relations,” International Affairs, No. 1 (January 1976), 3–4.Google Scholar
2 See Triska, Jan F. and Finley, David D., Soviet Foreign Policy (New York: Macmillan 1968), 108–15Google Scholar, for a discussion of the problems in the construction of such a general model. Triska and Finley also offer an imaginative framework for inquiry in this area of research.
3 Constantine Olgin, “Recent Doctrinal Adjustments in Soviet Philosophy,” Radio Liberty Dispatch, July 12, 1973; Konstantinov, F. V., “Sovremenni problemi marksistoleninskoi filosofii i zadachi filosofskoi obshestvennosti” [Contemporary Problems of Marxist-Leninist Philosophy and the Tasks of the Philosophical Association], Voprosy Filosofii, No. 1 (January 1972), 25–39.Google ScholarAlthusser, Cf. Louis, Lenin and Philosophy (New York: Monthly Review Press 1971), 15–19, 66–67.Google Scholar All translations are by the present author unless otherwise noted.
4 Gilison, , The Soviet Image of Utopia (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press 1975).Google Scholar
5 Jacoby, , The Bureaucratization of the World (Berkeley: University of California Press 1973), 123–36.Google Scholar
6 Kassof, , “The Administered Society: Totalitarianism Without Terror,” World Politics, XVI (July 1964), 558–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7 Rigby, , “Traditional, Market, and Organizational Societies and the USSR,” World Politics, XVI (July 1964), 539–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8 Meyer, , “Theories of Convergence,” in Johnson, Chalmers, ed., Change in Communist Systems (Stanford: Stanford University Press 1970), 327.Google Scholar
9 Brzezinski, , “The Soviet Political System: Transformation or Degeneration,” in Brzezinski, , ed., Dilemmas of Change in Soviet Politics (New York: Columbia University Press 1969), 1–34.Google Scholar
10 See speech by Suslov, Mikhail A., Pravda, October 23, 1974, pp. 1–2.Google Scholar
11 Izvestia, September 5, 1974, p. 1; Maj. Gen. Volkonogov, D., “The Ideological Struggle in Conditions of Detente,” Kommunist vooruzhennykh sil, No. 3 (February 1977), 9–23Google Scholar; trans, in Current Digest of the Soviet Press, XXIX (March 2, 1977), 5.Google Scholar
12 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union: Documents (Moscow: Novosti 1971), 87, 126, 226Google Scholar; Brezhnev's speech to the 11th Hungarian Party Congress, Pravda, March 19, 1975, pp. 1–2; Brezhnev's speech to the 25th CPSU Congress, Pravda, February 25, 1976, p. 10; editorial, “Leninskoe edinstvo partii i naroda” [Leninist Unity of Party and People], Kommunist, No. 6 (April 1975), 10.
13 Viktorov, A., “XXV S'ezd KPSS—tvorcheskii razvitie teoriia” [25th CPSU Congress: Creative Development of Theory], Pravda, March 27, 1976, p. 2.Google Scholar
14 Gilison (fn. 4), chap. 3.
15 Yegerov, A. G., “Partiia nauchnogo kommunizma” [The Party of Scientific Communism], Kommunist, No. 2 (February 1973), 48–49Google Scholar; Afanasyev, V. G., “V. I. Lenin o nauchnom upravlenni obshestvom” [V. I. Lenin on the Scientific Direction of Society], Voprosy Filosofii, No. 1 (January 1974), 17–29Google Scholar; Warsaw, Brezhnev's speech, Pravda, July 22, 1974, p. 1.Google Scholar
16 Yegerov (fn. 15), 36–55; Grigoryan, B., “Problema cheloveka v marksisto-leninskoi filosofii” [The Problem of the Individual in Marxist-Leninist Philosophy], Kommunist, No. 3 (February 1975), 48–58.Google Scholar
17 Yegerov (fn. 15), 53–54.
18 Fedoseev, P., “Vozrastanie roli partii-zakonomernost stroitelstva sotzialisma i kommunizma” [Growth in the Role of the Party-Revolutionary Law of Socialist and Communist Construction], Kommunist, No. 15 (October 1971), 72–91Google Scholar; Pavlov, G., “Vozrastanie roli partii i otvetstvennosti kommunistov” [Growth in the Role of the Party and the Responsibility of Communists], Kommunist, No. 4 (March 1972), 14–25, esp. 15.Google Scholar
19 A. Viktorov (fn. 13), 3.
20 TASS, March 17, 1976.
21 Gililov, , “Vospitatelnaya missiia kommunistov” [The Educational Mission of Communists], Kommunist, No. 15 (October 1975), 102–12.Google Scholar
22 A. Interview with Leonid Zamyatin, Moscow Domestic Service, March 23, 1976; Lebedev (fn. 1), 8.
23 Zagladin, V., “Internatzionalisme—znamia Kommunist” [Internationalism: Communist Banner], Pravda, April 20, 1976, p. 3.Google Scholar
24 Viktorov (fn. 13), 3.
25 Sanakoyev, Sh., “Capitalism, A Society Without a Future,” International Affairs, No. 8 (August 1976), 9.Google Scholar
26 Zakharov, Y., “International Cooperation and the Battle of Ideas,” International Affairs, No. 1 (January 1976), 86.Google Scholar
27 Organisyan, Y., “Proletarian Internationalism and the Present Day,” Sovetskaya Belorussia, June 8, 1976, p. 3Google Scholar; trans, in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, June 17, 1976.
28 New York Times, April 6, 1976, pp. 1, 14.
29 Pravda, February 25, 1976, p. 1.
30 TASS, June 29, 1976.
31 See Rakowska-Harmstone, Teresa, “Socialist Internationalism and Eastern Europe—A New Stage,” Survey, No. 22 (Winter 1976), 38–54Google Scholar; Kozin, B., “The Drawing Together of the Socialist Countries—An Objective Regularity,” International Affairs, No. 10 (October 1976), 14–21.Google Scholar
32 Gililov (fn. 21), 102–12; Viktorov (fn. 13), 2–3.
33 Timofeyev, T. T., “Leninskii klassovi analiz i sovremenni revizionizm” [Leninist Class Analysis and Contemporary Revisionism], Voprosy Filosofii, No. 5 (May 1974), 31–44.Google Scholar
34 Izvestia, July 13, 1974, pp. 3–4.
35 Speech by Suslov, Mikhail A. to the USSR Academy of Sciences, Pravda, March 18, 1976, p. 2.Google Scholar
36 Pravda, February 25, 1976, p. 3.
37 TASS, March 17, 1976.
38 Lebedev (fn. 1), 6.
39 Pravda, June 15, 1974, p. 1.
40 Kommunist (fn. 12), 6.
41 Grechko, A. A., “Glavnoi roli KPSS v stroeni armiie razvitie sotzialisticheskem obshestve” [The Main Role of the CPSU in Building the Army of Developed Socialist Society], Voprosy Istorii KPSS, No. 5 (April 1974), 30–47.Google Scholar
42 Sovetskaya Rossiya, February 23, 1976, p. 1.
43 Gromyko, , “Programma mira v deistvii” [The Peace Program in Action], Kommunist, No. 14 (September 1975), 5.Google Scholar
44 Sanakoyev, Sh., “Socialist Foreign Policy: Coordination and Effectiveness,” International Affairs, No. 6 (June 1971), 10.Google Scholar
45 Pravda, December 27, 1975, p. 1.
46 Zakharov (fn. 26), 92.
47 Kapchenko, N., “Socialist Foreign Policy and the Restructuring of International Relations,” International Affairs, No. 4 (April 1975), 8.Google Scholar
48 Zakharov (fn. 26), 87.
49 Pravda, October 15, 1975, p. 1.
50 Pravda, February 25, 1976, p. 3.
51 Suslov, M. A., “Kommunisticheskoe dvizhenie v avangarde borbi za mir, sotzialnoe i natzionalnoe osvobozhdenie” [The Communist Movement in the Avantgarde Struggle for Peace, Socialism, and National Liberation], Kommunist, No. 11 (July 1975), 3–10.Google Scholar
52 Pravda, August 6, 1975, p. 3; cited in Donaldson, Robert H., “U.S.S.R. Profile,” in Staar, Richard F., ed., Yearbook, on International Communist Affairs, 1976 (Stanford: Hoover Institution Press 1976), 66.Google Scholar
53 Pravda, February 25, 1976, p. 4.
54 See Zhurkin, V., “Detente and International Conflicts,” International Affairs, No. 7 (July 1974), 90.Google Scholar
55 See speech by Suslov, Mikhail A. to the USSR Academy of Sciences, Pravda, March 18, 1976, p. 1Google Scholar; Timofeyev, T., “Razvitie rabochii klassa i sovremennik ideologicheskii borba” [Development of the Working Class and the Contemporary Ideological Struggle], Pravda, January 17, 1976, pp. 3–4Google Scholar; Rodionov, P., “An Ardent Fighter for Communism,” Pravda, March 10, 1976, p. 6; trans, in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, March 15, 1976.Google Scholar
56 See Brezhnev's speech to the 25th CPSU Congress, Pravda, February 25, 1976, p. 4.
57 Izvestia, April 23, 1976, p. 1.
58 Zakharov (fn. 26), 91.
59 Stepanov, V., “The Restructuring of International Economic Relations,” International Affairs, No. 8 (August 1976), 27–31.Google Scholar
60 Ibid., 28.
61 Ibid., 30.
62 Kapchenko (fn. 47), 7.
63 Interview with Zamyatin, Leonid M., Moscow Domestic Television Service, March 23, 1976; trans, in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, April 2, 1976.Google Scholar
64 Pravda, February 20, 1976, p. 1.
65 Izvestia, April 23, 1976, p. 2; cf. Pravda, February 20, 1977, p. 1.
66 Sovetskaya Kultura, February 20, 1976, p. 3.
67 Pravda, April 18, 1976, p. 1.
68 Pravda, February 1, 1976, p. 1; February 5, 1976, p. 2; May 14, 1976, p. 1.
69 Izvestia, August 14, 1976, p. 3.
70 Pravda, April 8, 1976, p. 1.
71 Pravda, May 5, 1976, p. 1.
72 Cf. Gilison (fn. 4), chap. 5.
- 10
- Cited by