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Institutions, Elites, and Technological Change in France and Germany

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 June 2011

J. Nicholas Ziegler
J. Nicholas Ziegler
Affiliation:
Sloan School of Management, MIT
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Abstract

Most comparative studies of public strategies for competitiveness focus on the links between public agencies and industrial sectors. This paper argues that the professions—or knowledge-bearing elites—that animate these organizational links are equally significant. For public policies to promote technological advance, the visions and self-images of knowledge-bearing elites are particularly important. By examining administrative and technical elites in France and Germany in the 1980s, the paper identifies characteristics that enable these elites to implement policy in some cases but not in others. France's “state-created” elites were well positioned to initiate and implement large technology projects, such as digitizing the telecommunications network. By contrast, Germany's state-recognized elites were better positioned to facilitate framework-oriented programs aimed at the diffusion of new technologies throughout industry. The linkages between administrative and technical elites also explain why French policymakers had difficulty adapting policy to changing circumstances over time, whereas German policymakers managed in many cases to learn more from previous policy experiences and to adapt subsequent initiatives accordingly.

Type
Research Article
Information
World Politics , Volume 47 , Issue 3 , April 1995 , pp. 341 - 372
Copyright
Copyright © Trustees of Princeton University 1995

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63 Author interview with personnel director, Societe NUM, Nanterre, December 1988. This figure compares favorably with the legal minimum (1.1%), the average for mechanical engineering (1.26%), and the average for all French business (1.83%), according to Groupe de Strategie Industrielle, no. 11, “De la mécanique traditionelle a la productique” (Paris: Commmissariat Général du Plan, April 1983).

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