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¹⁸ Lehmbruch, , “Consociational Democracy, Class Conflict, and the New Corporatism,” IPSA Round Table (September 1974)Google Scholar; Pahl, and Winkler, , “The Coming Corporatism,” New Society, XXX (October 10, 1974), 72ff.Google Scholar; Schmitter, , “Still the Century of Corporatism?,” Review of Politics, XXXVI (January, 1974), 85ff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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²⁰ Ibid., 13.

²¹ Wilensky, , “Leftism, Catholicism, and Democratic Corporatism: The Role of Political Parties in Recent Welfare State Development,” in Flora, Peter and Heidenheimer, Arnold, The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1981), 345ff.Google Scholar

²² Schmitter and Lehmbruch (fn. 19), 15ff.

²³ Kvavik, , Interest Groups in Norwegian Politics (Oslo, Universitetsforlaget, 1976), 20ff.Google Scholar

²⁴ Wilensky (fn. 21).

²⁵ Lange, , “The Conjunctural Conditions for Consensual Wage Regulations; An Initial Examination of Some Hypotheses,” paper presented at meeting of the American Political Science Association, New York, September 1981.Google Scholar

²⁶ See, for example, Beer (fn. 7), chaps. 1 and 2, p. 330; Rokkan, , “Numerical Democracy and Corporate Pluralism,” in Dahl, Robert A., ed., Political Oppositions in Western Democracies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966)Google Scholar, chap. 4; LaPalombara (fn. 10), 227–;31, 383–84; Ehrmann (fn. 17), part 1; Linz (fn. 11), 270.

²⁷ See, among others, Truman, David B., “Political Group Analysis,” in Sills, David, International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (New York: Macmillan, 1968), XII, 241ff.Google Scholar; Henry Kariei, “Pluralism,” ibid., 164ff.; Henry Ehrmann, “Interest Groups,” ibid., VII, 486ff.; David Greenstone, J., “Group Theories,” in Greenstein, Fred and Polsby, Nelson, Handbook of Political Science (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1975), II, 243–318Google Scholar; and Robert H. Salisbury, “Interest Groups,” ibid., IV, 171–228.

²⁸ Herring (fn. 1, 1940), chap. 29; Truman (fn. 3), chap. 16, esp. 522ff.; Dahl (fn. 26), 367ff., and Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971), chap. 6; LaPalombara (fn. 17), chap. 1; LaPalombara (fn. 10), 42ff. and 394ff.; Ehrmann (fn. 17), chap. 9.

²⁹ See, among others, Nie, Norman H., Bingham Powell, G., and Prewitt, Kenneth, “Social Structure and Political Participation,” American Political Science Review, Vol. 63 (June and December, 1969), 361–78, 808–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Verba, Sidney and Nie, Norman H., Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality (New York: Harper & Row, 1972)Google Scholar; Verba, Sidney, Nie, Norman H., and Kim, Jae-on, Participation and Political Equality (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1978)Google Scholar, chap. 14; Schlozman, Kay L. and Verba, Sidney, Injury to insult: Unemployment, Chss, and Political Response (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979).Google Scholar

³⁰ See, for example, Truman (fn. 3), 56ff., on interest groups and government; on varieties of interest groups, pp. 63ff.; and on the origins of interest groups and government, pp. 74ff. Also, LaPalombara (fn. 17), on the effect of war and revolution on the trade union movement; Ehrmann (fn. 17), on the impact of war and fascism on French business organization.

³¹ For emphasis on the importance of historical experience in the formation of interest groups, see particularly the first chapters of Beer (fn. 7), Ehrmann (fn. 17), and LaPalombara (fn. 10). Also, Almond, Gabriel A. and Bingham Powell, G., Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach (Boston: Little, Brown, 1966), 314ff.Google Scholar

³² LaPalombara (fn. 10), 161ff.

³³ Beer (fn. 7), chap. 4 and throughout.

³⁴ Weiner (fn. 15), chap. 2.

³⁵ Childs (fn. 2), chap. 4.

³⁶ Garceau (fn. 2).

³⁷ Truman (fn. 3), chaps. 5, 6, 7.

³⁸ Schmitter, , Interest Conflict and Political Change in Brazil (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1971).Google Scholar

³⁹ Kvavik (fn. 23).

⁴⁰ See Pendleton Herring, E., “The British Have Lobbies Too,” Virginia Quarterly Review, VI (July 1930), 342ff.Google Scholar