Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T04:29:54.183Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Phytotoxicity and Persistence in Soils of Benzoic Acid Herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

T. W. Donaldson  and
Chester L. Foy
T. W. Donaldson
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, University of California, Davis
Chester L. Foy
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, University of California, Davis
Get access

Abstract

In nutrient solution, 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid (2,3,6-TBA) was less toxic to oats than either 2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (dicamba) or 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben). The latter two herbicides were similar in phytotoxicity.

In soil, dicamba was the most phytotoxic in each of four soils used, while 2,3,6-TBA and amiben were similar in toxicity in all soils except the organic soil, in which amiben was less phytotoxic than 2,3,6-TBA. In the sandy soils the same amount of herbicide was required to reduce the growth of oats by 50% as was required in nutrient solution, but considerably higher amounts were required in the organic soil. This reduction in phytotoxicity was attributed to adsorption of the herbicides in an unavailable form by the organic matter of the soils, amiben being adsorbed to a greater extent than 2,3,6-TBA or dicamba. Practically no adsorption occurred on the clay colloids of the various soils.

In persistence studies, amiben was more subject to apparent microbial decomposition than 2,3,6-TBA or dicamba. Decomposition was more rapid in the organic soil than in the clay or sandy soils. In leaching studies, the three herbicides were readily washed out of columns of the various soils. Differences in movement of herbicide in these soils could be related to the rate of water movement through the soil.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weeds , Volume 13 , Issue 3 , July 1965 , pp. 195 - 202
Copyright
Copyright © 1965 Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Burnside, O. C., Wicks, G. A., and Fenster, C. R. 1963. The effects of rainfall and soil type on the disappearance of 2,3,6-TBA. Weeds 11:45–47.Google Scholar
2. Coggins, C. W. and Crafts, A. S. 1959. Substituted urea herbicides; their electrophoretic behaviour and the influence of clay colloid in nutrient solution on their phytotoxicity. Weeds 7:349–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Crafts, A. S. and Drever, H. 1960. Experiments with herbicides in soils. Weeds 8:12–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Dewey, O. R. and Pfeiffer, R. K. 1959. Soil persistence and biological breakdown of 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid. p. 899–904. In XI International Symposium on Crop Protection. Belgium.Google Scholar
5. Dewey, O. R., Lyndsay, R. V., and Hartley, G. S. 1962. Biological destruction of 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid in soil. Nature 195 (4847):1232.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Freed, V. H., Vernetti, J., and Montgomery, M. 1962. The soil behaviour of herbicides as influenced by their physical properties. Proc. WWCC 19:21–36.Google Scholar
7. Hartley, G. S. 1960. Physico-chemical aspects of the availability of herbicides in soils. p. 63–78. In Herbicides and the soil. Blackwell Scientific Publications, England.Google Scholar
8. Klingman, G. C. 1961. Weed control: As a science. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
9. Rauser, W. E. and Switzer, C. M. 1962a. Factors contributing to the loss of amiben phytotoxicity in soils. Proc. NEWCC 16:304–305.Google Scholar
10. Rauser, W. E. and Switzer, C. M. 1962b. Factors contributing to the loss of amiben phytotoxicity in soils. Weeds 10:62–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Sheets, T. J. 1958. The comparative toxicities of four phenylurea herbicides in several soil types. Weeds 6:413–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Sheets, T. J. 1959. The comparative toxicities of monuron and simazine in soil. Weeds 7:189–194.Google Scholar
13. Sheets, T. J. 1963. Photochemical alteration and inactivation of amiben. Weeds 11:186–190.Google Scholar
14. Warren, G. F. 1956. The relative adsorption of several herbicides by widely differing soils. Proc. NCWCC 13:5.Google Scholar
15. Warren, G. F. 1963. Adsorption of amiben in soils. The Hormolog 4(1):15–16.Google Scholar
16. Wiese, A. F. 1962. Effect of soil conditions on the decomposition of 2,4-D, fenac, PBA and 2,3,6-TBA. Res. Rept. NCWCC 19:129.Google Scholar
17. Zimmerman, P. W. and Hitchcock, A. E. 1942. Substituted phenoxy and benzoic acid growth substances and the relation of structure to physiological activity. Contr. Boyce Thompson Inst. 12:321–344.Google Scholar