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Interactions of Several Paraquat-Surfactant Mixtures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

L. W. Smith  and
C. L. Foy
L. W. Smith
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, University of California, Davis
C. L. Foy
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, University of California, Davis
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Abstract

Measurements were made of plant toxicity and of several physical and chemical properties of spray solutions containing 1,1′-dimethyl-4, 4′-bipyridinium salt (paraquat) and either anionic, nonionic, or cationic surfactants. Surface tension and pH values were variable among 10 surfactant-paraquat mixtures and also at 0.1 and 1.0% surfactant concentrations, but neither showed any correlation with herbicidal activity on corn when all surfactants were considered. All four nonionic, both cationic, and two out of four anionic surfactants markedly enhanced paraquat toxicity at appropriate concentrations. Studies of UV absorbance of herbicide and surfactant solutions, alone and in combination, and adsorption of paraquat-C14 at solution-air interfaces indicate that significant interactions occurred between paraquat and the anionic surfactants. Foliar toxicity studies offered substantiating evidence of such interactions; however, the degree or lack of enhancement of paraquat toxicity was strongly influenced by plant species (corn vs. bean) and the type and concentration of surfactant. No surfactant-paraquat combinations studied were less effective than ⅛ oz/A of paraquat used alone.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weeds , Volume 15 , Issue 1 , January 1967 , pp. 67 - 72
Copyright
Copyright © 1967 Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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