Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T01:54:36.875Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Inhibition of Photochemical Activity of Isolated Chloroplasts by Polycyclic Ureas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

D. E. Moreland  and
K. L. Hill
D. E. Moreland
Affiliation:
Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Crop Science Department, N. C. State College, Raleigh
K. L. Hill
Affiliation:
Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Crop Science Department, N. C. State College, Raleigh
Get access

Abstract

The effect of fully-saturated bicyclic and partially-saturated tricyclic dimethylureas and dimethylthioureas on the photolytic activity (Hill reaction) of chloroplasts isolated from turnip greens (Brassica spp.) was studied. Photochemical activity was measured potentiometrically with ferricyanide as the electron acceptor. Chemicals tested were 3-[5-(3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindenyl)]-1,1-dimethylurea; 3-(chloro-2-norbornyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; 1,1-dimethyl-3-(2-norbornyl)urea; and the 3 corresponding thioureas. Concentrations of the 3 polycyclic ureas required to inhibit the Hill reaction by 50 percent (I50) were respectively 4.0 × 10-6 M, 1.2 × 10-5 M, and 6.6 × 10-5 M. The thioureas were not very inhibitory to the Hill reaction; consequently, their I50 values were not determined. The fully or partially-saturated polycyclic dimethylureas were weaker inhibitors of the Hill reaction than the phenyldimethylureas. The decreased inhibitory activity of the polycyclic ureas was attributed to increased lipophilic properties, unfavorable spatial configurations, and lack of resonance interaction between the ring system and the imino nitrogen.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weeds , Volume 11 , Issue 4 , October 1963 , pp. 284 - 287
Copyright
Copyright © 1963 Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Barker, M., Hunter, L., and Reynolds, N. G. 1948. The associating effect of the hydrogen atom. Part XIII. The N-H-O bond. Esters of carbamic acid. J. Chem. Soc. 874–881.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Burrows, A. A., and Hunter, L. 1952. The associating effect of the hydrogen atom. Part XV. The S-H-N bond. Esters of thion- and diothio-carbamic acids. J. Chem. Soc. 4118–4122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Ferguson, L. N. 1952. Electron structures of organic molecules. Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York.Google Scholar
4. Good, N. E. 1961. Inhibitors of the Hill reaction. Plant Physiol. 36:788–803.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5. Gillam, A. E., and Stern, E. S. 1954. An introduction to electronic absorption spectroscopy. Edward Arnold Ltd., London.Google Scholar
6. Hopkins, G., and Hunter, L. 1942. The associating effect of the hydrogen atom. Part XI. Hydrogen bonds involving the sulphur atom. The S-H-N bond. J. Chem. Soc. 638–642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Horsfall, F. G. 1956. Principles of fungicidal action. Chronica Botanica Co. Waltham, Mass. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Huggins, M. L. 1962. Physicochemical aspects of hydrogen bonds and their application to biology. Am. Sci. 50:485–496.Google ScholarPubMed
9. Moreland, D. E., and Hill, K. L. 1959. The action of alkyl N-phenylcarbamates on the photolytic activity of isolated chloroplasts. J. Agr. Food Chem. 7:832–837.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Moreland, D. E., and Hill, K. L. 1962. Interference of herbicides with the Hill reaction of isolated chloroplasts. Weeds 10:229–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Moreland, D. E., and Hill, K. L. 1963. Inhibition of photochemical activity of isolated chloroplasts by acylanilides. Weeds 11: 55–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Pauling, L. 1960. The nature of the chemical bond. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.Google Scholar
13. Rich, S., and Horsfall, J. G. 1952. The relation between fungitoxicity, permeation, and lipid solubility. Phytopath. 42:457–460.Google Scholar
14. Shaw, W. C., and Swanson, C. R. 1953. The relation of structural configuration to the herbicidal properties and phytotoxicity of several carbamates and other chemicals. Weeds 2:43–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Veldstra, H. 1953. The relation of chemical structure to biological activity in growth substances. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 4:151–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Veldstra, H., and Booij, H. L. 1949. Researches on plant growth regulators. XVII. Structure and activity. On the mechanism of action III. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta 3:278–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar