Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T02:56:32.111Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Factors Influencing the Phytotoxicity of Foliar Applications of Atrazine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

A. G. Dexter ,
O. C. Burnside  and
T. L. Lavy
A. G. Dexter
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
O. C. Burnside
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
T. L. Lavy
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
Get access

Abstract

Among 12 of the more effective surfactants selected from a preliminary experiment, there were few differences in their ability to increase atrazine toxicity to large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] and sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.), or in toxicity to large crabgrass and sorghum when used alone. Surfactants per se showed some toxicity to large crabgrass and sorghum. As large crabgrass increased in size, it became less susceptible to injury from atrazine plus dodecyl ether of polyethylene glycol (Surfactant WK). Early spraying with atrazine plus Surfactant WK reduced the top-growth yield of six grass species.

In field studies, atrazine alone and surfactants plus atrazine applied at the 1-in weed height gave very good early weed control. Field plots treated at the 4-in weed height generally produced more weed top-growth and less sorghum than plots treated at the 1-in height. Only the preemergence atrazine treatments gave weed yields that were equal to treatments that included handweeding. Sorghum injury from the surfactants was evidenced by reduced stover yields.

Atrazine plus surfactant toxicity to emerged large crabgrass, grown in growth chambers, increased with higher relative humidities. This was not true for sorghum. The 1% surfactant mixtures generally had a lower surface tension than the 0.1% concentrations although the differences were not great. Surface tension was not the main factor governing the phytotoxicity of foliar-applied atrazine solutions. Translocation of atrazine from sorghum and large crabgrass leaves dipped in a C14-ring-labeled atrazine solution was very slight or nonexistent.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weeds , Volume 14 , Issue 3 , July 1966 , pp. 222 - 228
Copyright
Copyright © 1966 Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Barrier, G. E. and Loomis, W. E. 1957. Absorption and translocation of 2,4-D and P32 by leaves. Plant Physiol. 32:225–231.Google Scholar
2. Biswas, Prosanto Kumar. 1964. Absorption, diffusion, and translocation of C14-labeled triazine herbicides by peanut leaves. Weeds 12:31–33.Google Scholar
3. Burnside, O. C. and Wicks, G. A. 1964. Cultivation and herbicide treatments of dryland sorghum. Weeds 12:307–310.Google Scholar
4. Clor, M. A., Crafts, A. S., and Yamaguchi, S. 1963. Effects of high humidity on translocation of foliar-applied labeled compounds in plants. II. translocation from starved leaves. Plant Physiol. 38:501–507.Google Scholar
5. Crockford, H. D. and Knight, Samuel B. 1959. Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 415 p.Google Scholar
6. Currier, H. B. and Dybing, C. D. 1959. Foliar penetration of herbicides—review and present status. Weeds 7:195–213.Google Scholar
7. Dorschner, K. P. and Buchholtz, K. P. 1956. Wetting ability of aqueous herbicidal sprays as a factor influencing stands of alfalfa seedlings. Agron. J. 48:59–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Dybing, C. Dean and Currier, H. B. 1961. Foliar penetration by chemicals. Plant Physiol. 36:169–174.Google Scholar
9. Ennis, W. B. Jr. and Boyd, F. T. 1946. The response of kidney bean and soybean plants to aqueous-spray applications of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with and without carbowax. Botan. Gaz. 107:552–559.Google Scholar
10. Evans, Raymond A. and Eckert, Richard E. Jr. 1965. Paraquat-surfactant combinations for control of downy brome. Weeds 13:150–151.Google Scholar
11. Foy, Chester L. 1964. Volatility and tracer studies with alkylamino-s-triazines. Weeds 12:103–108.Google Scholar
12. Foy, Chester L. and Smith, L. W. 1965. Surface tension lowering, wettability of paraffin and corn leaf surfaces, and herbicidal enhancement of dalapon by seven surfactants. Weeds 13:15–19.Google Scholar
13. Freed, V. H. and Montgomery, Marvin. 1958. The effect of surfactants on foliar absorption of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. Weeds 6:386–389.Google Scholar
14. Hill, G. D. Jr., Belasco, I. J., and Ploeg, H. L. 1965. Influence of surfactants on the activity of diuron, linuron, and bromacil as foliar sprays on weeds. Weeds 13:103–106.Google Scholar
15. Hoagland, D. R. and Arnon, D. I. 1950. The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. California Agr. Expt. Sta. Circ. 347. 32 p.Google Scholar
16. Hughes, R. E. and Freed, V. H. 1961. The role of surfactants in the foliar absorption of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Weeds 9:54–59.Google Scholar
17. Ilnicki, R. D., Tharrington, W. H., Ellis, J. F., and Visinski, E. I. 1965. Enhancing directed postemergence treatments in corn with surfactants. NEWCC Proc. 19:295–299.Google Scholar
18. Jansen, L. L. 1964. Surfactant enhancement of herbicide entry. Weeds 12:251–255.Google Scholar
19. Jansen, L. L. 1965. Effects of structural variations in ionic surfactants on phytotoxicity and physical-chemical properties of aqueous sprays of several herbicides. Weeds 13:117–123.Google Scholar
20. Jeffay, Henry and Alvarez, Julian. 1961. Liquid scintillation counting of carbon-14. Anal. Chem. 33:612–615.Google Scholar
21. Pallas, James E. Jr. 1960. Effects of temperature and humidity on foliar absorption and translocation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and benzoic acid. Plant Physiol. 35:575–580.Google Scholar
22. Phillips, W. M. 1958. The effect of 2,4-D on the yield of Midland grain sorghum. Weeds 6:271–280.Google Scholar
23. Steele, R. G. and Torrie, J. H. 1960. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. New York. 481 p.Google Scholar
24. Temple, Ralph E. and Wayne Hilton, H. 1963. The effect of surfactants on the water solubility of herbicides, and the foliar phytotoxicity of surfactants. Weeds 11:297–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25. Van Slyke, Donald D., Plazin, John, and Weisiger, James R. 1951. Reagents for the Van Slyke-Folch wet carbon combustion. J. of Biol Chem. 191:299–304.Google Scholar
26. Wax, L. M. and Behrens, R. 1965. Absorption and translocation of atrazine in quackgrass. Weeds 13:107–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar