Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-05T15:39:17.810Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Weed Resistance Monitoring in the Canadian Prairies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Hugh J. Beckie ,
Julia Y. Leeson ,
A. Gordon Thomas ,
Clark A. Brenzil ,
Linda M. Hall ,
Grant Holzgang ,
Chris Lozinski  and
Scott Shirriff
Hugh J. Beckie*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X2
Julia Y. Leeson
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X2
A. Gordon Thomas
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X2
Clark A. Brenzil
Affiliation:
Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food (SAF), Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4S 0B1
Linda M. Hall
Affiliation:
Alberta Agriculture and Food/University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
Grant Holzgang
Affiliation:
Crop Protection Lab, Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4S 0B1
Chris Lozinski
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X2
Scott Shirriff
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X2
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Weed resistance monitoring has been routinely conducted in the Northern Great Plains of Canada (Prairies) since the mid-1990s. Most recently, random surveys were conducted in Alberta in 2001, Manitoba in 2002, and Saskatchewan in 2003 totaling nearly 800 fields. In addition, nearly 1,300 weed seed samples were submitted by growers across the Prairies between 1996 and 2006 for resistance testing. Collected or submitted samples were screened for group 1 [acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor] and/or group 2 [acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor] resistance. Twenty percent of 565 sampled fields had an herbicide-resistant (HR) wild oat biotype. Most populations exhibited broad cross-resistance across various classes of group 1 or group 2 herbicides. In Manitoba, 22% of 59 fields had group 1–HR green foxtail. Group 2–HR biotypes of kochia were documented in Saskatchewan, common chickweed and spiny sowthistle in Alberta, and green foxtail and redroot pigweed in Manitoba. Across the Prairies, HR weeds are estimated to occur in fields covering an area of nearly 5 million ha. Of 1,067 wild oat seed samples submitted by growers and industry for testing between 1996 and 2006, 725 were group 1 HR, 34 group 2 HR, and 55 groups 1 and 2 HR. Of 80 submitted green foxtail samples, 26 were confirmed group 1 HR; most populations originated from southern Manitoba where the weed is most abundant. Similar to the field surveys, various group 2–HR biotypes were confirmed among submitted samples: kochia, wild mustard, field pennycress, Galium spp., common chickweed, and common hempnettle. Information from grower questionnaires indicates patterns of herbicide usage are related to location, changing with cropping system. Two herbicide modes of action most prone to select resistance, groups 1 and 2, continue to be widely and repeatedly used. There is little evidence that growers are aware of the level of resistance within their fields, but a majority have adopted herbicide rotations to proactively or reactively manage HR weeds.

Keywords

Common chickweed, Stellaria media (L.) Vill. STEMEcommon hempnettle, Galeopsis tetrahit L. GAETEfield pennycress, Thlaspi arvense L. THLARgreen foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. SETVIkochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. KSHSCredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. AMAREspiny sowthistle, Sonchus asper (L.) Hill SONASwild mustard, Sinapis arvensis L. SINARwild oat, Avena fatua L. AVEFAACCase inhibitorALS inhibitorcross resistancegrower awarenessgrower practicesherbicide resistanceresistance managementsurvey
Type
Education/Extension
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 22 , Issue 3 , September 2008 , pp. 530 - 543
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 2003. A national ecological framework for Canada: GIS data. http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/nsdb/ecostrat/gis_data.html. Accessed: February 25, 2007.Google Scholar
Beckie, H. J. 2006. Herbicide-resistant weeds: management tactics and practices. Weed Technol. 20:793–814.Google Scholar
Beckie, H. J., Hall, L. M., Meers, S., Laslo, J. J., and Stevenson, F. C. 2004. Management practices influencing herbicide resistance in wild oat. Weed Technol. 18:853–859.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beckie, H. J., Hall, L. M., and Tardif, F. J. 2001a. Herbicide resistance in Canada—where are we today. Pages 1–36. in Blackshaw, R. E. and Hall, L. M., editors. Integrated Weed Management: Explore the Potential. Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC Expert Committee on Weeds.Google Scholar
Beckie, H. J., Hall, L. M., and Tardif, F. J. 2001b. Impact and management of herbicide-resistant weeds in Canada. Pages 747–754. in. Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference—Weeds. Farnham, UK British Crop Protection Council.Google Scholar
Beckie, H. J., Heap, I. M., Smeda, R. J., and Hall, L. M. 2000. Screening for herbicide resistance in weeds. Weed Technol. 14:428–445.Google Scholar
Beckie, H. J. and Kirkland, K. J. 2003. Implication of reduced herbicide rates on resistance enrichment in wild oat (Avena fatua). Weed Technol. 17:138–148.Google Scholar
Beckie, H. J., Thomas, A. G., and Légère, A. 1999a. Nature, occurrence, and cost of herbicide-resistant green foxtail (Setaria viridis) across Saskatchewan ecoregions. Weed Technol. 13:626–631.Google Scholar
Beckie, H. J., Thomas, A. G., Légère, A., Kelner, D. J., Van Acker, R. C., and Meers, S. 1999b. Nature, occurrence, and cost of herbicide-resistant wild oat (Avena fatua) in small-grain production areas. Weed Technol. 13:612–625.Google Scholar
Beckie, H. J., Thomas, A. G., and Stevenson, F. C. 2002. Survey of herbicide-resistant wild oat (Avena fatua) in two townships in Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 82:463–471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourgeois, L., Kenkel, N. C., and Morrison, I. N. 1997a. Characterization of cross-resistance patterns in acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor resistant wild oat (Avena fatua). Weed Sci. 45:750–755.Google Scholar
Bourgeois, L. and Morrison, I. N. 1997a. Mapping risk areas for resistance to ACCase inhibitor herbicides in Manitoba. Can. J. Plant Sci. 77:173–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourgeois, L. and Morrison, I. N. 1997b. A survey of ACCase inhibitor resistant wild oat in a high risk township in Manitoba. Can. J. Plant Sci. 77:703–708.Google Scholar
Bourgeois, L., Morrison, I. N., and Kelner, D. 1997b. Field and grower survey of ACCase resistant wild oat in Manitoba. Can. J. Plant Sci. 77:709–715.Google Scholar
Friesen, L. F., Jones, T. L., Van Acker, R. C., and Morrison, I. N. 2000. Identification of Avena fatua populations resistant to imazamethabenz, flamprop, and fenoxaprop-P. Weed Sci. 48:532–540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heap, I. M. 2008. International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. http://www.weedscience.org. Accessed: March 15, 2008.Google Scholar
Heap, I. M. and Morrison, I. N. 1992. Resistance to auxin-type herbicides in wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) populations in western Canada. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 32:55.Google Scholar
Heap, I. M. and Morrison, I. N. 1996. Resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate and cyclohexanedione herbicides in green foxtail (Setaria viridis). Weed Sci. 44:25–30.Google Scholar
Heap, I. M., Murray, B. G., Loeppky, H. A., and Morrison, I. N. 1993. Resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate and cyclohexanedione herbicides in wild oat (Avena fatua). Weed Sci. 41:232–238.Google Scholar
Karlowsky, J. D., Brûlé-Babel, A. L., Friesen, L. F., Van Acker, R. C., and Crow, G. H. 2006. Inheritance of multiple herbicide resistance in wild oat (Avena fatua L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 86:317–329.Google Scholar
Leeson, J. Y., Thomas, A. G., Andrews, T., Brown, K. R., and Van Acker, R. C. 2002a. Manitoba weed survey of cereal and oilseed crops in 2002. Weed Survey Series Publ. 02-2. Saskatoon, Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 191.Google Scholar
Leeson, J. Y., Thomas, A. G., Beckie, H. J., Hall, L. M., Brenzil, C., Van Acker, R. C., Brown, K. R., and Andrews, T. 2006a. Group 2 herbicide use in the prairie provinces. in. Proceedings of the 2004 National Meeting, Canadian Weed Science Society. http://www.cwss-scm.ca. Accessed: March 15, 2008.Google Scholar
Leeson, J. Y., Thomas, A. G., Beckie, H. J., Van Acker, R. C., and Andrews, T. 2004. Do Manitoba producers reduce in-crop herbicide rates. Proceedings of the 2003 National Meeting, Canadian Weed Science Society. in. http://www.cwss-scm.ca. Accessed: March 15, 2008.Google Scholar
Leeson, J. Y., Thomas, A. G., and Brenzil, C. A. 2003a. Saskatchewan weed survey of cereal, oilseed and pulse crops in 2003. Weed Survey Series Publ. 03-1. Saskatoon, Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 342.Google Scholar
Leeson, J. Y., Thomas, A. G., Brenzil, C. A., and Beckie, H. J. 2006b. Do Saskatchewan producers reduce in-crop herbicide rates. in. Proceedings of the 2004 National Meeting, Canadian Weed Science Society. http://www.cwss-scm.ca. Accessed: March 15, 2008.Google Scholar
Leeson, J. Y., Thomas, A. G., and Hall, L. M. 2002b. Alberta weed survey of cereal, oilseed and pulse crops in 2001. Weed Survey Series Publ. 02-1. Saskatoon, Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 263.Google Scholar
Leeson, J. Y., Thomas, A. G., Hall, L. M., and Beckie, H. J. 2003b. Do Alberta producers reduce in-crop herbicide rates. in. Proceedings of the 2002 National Meeting, Canadian Weed Science Society. http://www.cwss-scm.ca. Accessed: March 15, 2008.Google Scholar
Leeson, J. Y., Thomas, A. G., Hall, L. M., Brenzil, C. A., Andrews, T., Brown, K. R., and Van Acker, R. C. 2005. Prairie weed surveys of cereal, oilseed and pulse crops from the 1970s to the 2000s. Weed Survey Series Publ. 05-1. Saskatoon, Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 395.Google Scholar
Légère, A., Beckie, H. J., Stevenson, F. C., and Thomas, A. G. 2000. Survey of management practices affecting the occurrence of wild oat (Avena fatua) resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors. Weed Technol. 14:366–376.Google Scholar
Morrison, I. N., Bourgeois, L., Friesen, L., and Kelner, D. 1995. Betting against the odds: the problem of herbicide resistance. Pages 159–164. in Roberts, T. L., editor. Proc. 1995 Western Canada Agronomy Workshop. Red Deer, Canada Potash and Phosphate Institute of Canada.Google Scholar
Morrison, I. N. and Devine, M. D. 1994. Herbicide resistance in the Canadian prairie provinces: five years after the fact. Phytoprotection. 75/Suppl:5–16.Google Scholar
Morrison, I. N. and Kraft, D. 1994. Sustainability of Canada's Agri-Food System—A Prairie Perspective. Winnipeg, Canada International Institute for Sustainable Development. 168.Google Scholar
Morrison, I. N., Todd, B. G., and Nawolsky, K. M. 1989. Confirmation of trifluralin-resistant green foxtail (Setaria viridis) in Manitoba. Weed Technol. 3:544–551.Google Scholar
O'Donovan, J. T., Harker, K. N., Blackshaw, R. E., Rashid, A., Sharma, M. P., Khan, A., Maurice, D., and Kibite, S. 1998. Investigation of herbicide resistant wild oat populations in Alberta. Final Report Project No. 920037. Vegreville, Canada Alberta Research Council. 134.Google Scholar
O'Donovan, J. T., Jeffers, G. M., Maurice, D., and Sharma, M. P. 1994a. Investigation of a chlorsulfuron-resistant chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Vill.] population. Can. J. Plant Sci. 74:693–697.Google Scholar
O'Donovan, J. T., Sharma, M. P., Harker, K. N., Maurice, D., Baig, M. N., and Blackshaw, R. E. 1994b. Wild oat (Avena fatua) populations resistant to triallate are also resistant to difenzoquat. Weed Sci. 42:195–199.Google Scholar
Rashid, A., Newman, J. C., O'Donovan, J. T., Robinson, D., Maurice, D., Poisson, D., and Hall, L. M. 2003. Sulfonylurea herbicide resistance in Sonchus asper biotypes in Alberta, Canada. Weed Res. 43:214–220.Google Scholar
Statistics Canada 2002. Census of Agriculture 2001. Table 13—Hay and Field Crops, by Province, Census Agricultural Region and Census Division, 2001 [CD-ROM]. Stat. Reference Cent. Ottawa, Canada Statistics Canada.Google Scholar
Thomas, A. G. 1985. Weed survey system used in Saskatchewan for cereal and oilseed crops. Weed Sci. 33:34–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, A. G., Frick, B. L., and Hall, L. M. 1998a. Alberta weed survey of cereal and oilseed crops in 1997. Weed Survey Ser. Publ. 98-2. Saskatoon, Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 283.Google Scholar
Thomas, A. G., Frick, B. L., Van Acker, R. C., Knezevic, S. Z., and Joosse, D. 1998b. Manitoba weed survey of cereal and oilseed crops in 1997. Weed Survey Series Publ. 98-1. Saskatoon, Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 228.Google Scholar
Thomas, A. G., Leeson, J. Y., Beckie, H. J., and Hall, L. M. 2003. Herbicide use patterns and herbicide-resistant weed awareness: results from grower surveys in Alberta, Canada. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 43:66.Google Scholar
Thomas, A. G., Wise, R. F., Frick, B. L., and Juras, L. T. 1996. Saskatchewan weed survey of cereal, oilseed and pulse crops in 1995. Weed Survey Series Publ. 96-1. Saskatoon, Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 419.Google Scholar
Warwick, S. I., Sauder, C., and Beckie, H. J. 2005. Resistance in Canadian biotypes of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) to acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides. Weed Sci. 53:631–639.Google Scholar