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Weed Control in Cotton by Combinations of Microencapsulated Acetochlor and Various Residual Herbicides Applied Preemergence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Charles W. Cahoon ,
Alan C. York ,
David L. Jordan ,
Wesley J. Everman ,
Richard W. Seagroves ,
Lewis R. Braswell  and
Katherine M. Jennings
Charles W. Cahoon*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
Alan C. York
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
David L. Jordan
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
Wesley J. Everman
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
Richard W. Seagroves
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
Lewis R. Braswell
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
Katherine M. Jennings
Affiliation:
Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7609
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Residual herbicides are routinely recommended to aid in control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth in cotton. Acetochlor, a chloroacetamide herbicide, applied PRE, controls Palmer amaranth. A microencapsulated (ME) formulation of acetochlor is now registered for PRE application in cotton. Field research was conducted in North Carolina to evaluate cotton tolerance and Palmer amaranth control by acetochlor ME alone and in various combinations. Treatments, applied PRE, consisted of acetochlor ME, pendimethalin, or no herbicide arranged factorially with diuron, fluometuron, fomesafen, diuron plus fomesafen, and no herbicide. The PRE herbicides were followed by glufosinate applied twice POST and diuron plus MSMA directed at layby. Acetochlor ME was less injurious to cotton than pendimethalin. Acetochlor ME alone or in combination with other herbicides reduced early season cotton growth 5 to 8%, whereas pendimethalin alone or in combinations injured cotton 11 to 13%. Early season injury was transitory, and by 65 to 84 d after PRE treatment, injury was no longer noticeable. Before the first POST application of glufosinate, acetochlor ME and pendimethalin controlled Palmer amaranth 84 and 64%, respectively. Control by acetochlor ME was similar to control by diuron plus fomesafen and greater than control by diuron, fluometuron, or fomesafen alone. Greater than 90% control was obtained with acetochlor ME mixed with diuron or fomesafen. Palmer amaranth control was similar with acetochlor ME plus a full or reduced rate of fomesafen. Acetochlor ME controlled large crabgrass and goosegrass at 91 and 100% compared with control at 83 and 91%, respectively, by pendimethalin. Following glufosinate, applied twice POST, and diuron plus MSMA, at layby, 96 to 99% control was obtained late in the season by all treatments, and no differences among herbicide treatments were noted for cotton yield. This research demonstrated that acetochlor ME can be safely and effectively used in cotton weed management programs.

Los herbicidas residuales son rutinariamente recomendados para asistir en el control de Amaranthus palmeri resistente a glyphosate en campos de algodón. Acetochlor, un herbicida del grupo chloroacetamide, aplicado PRE controla A. palmeri. Una formulación microencapsulada (ME) de acetochlor está actualmente registrada para aplicaciones PRE en algodón. Se realizó una investigación de campo en North Carolina para evaluar la tolerancia del algodón y el control de A. palmeri con acetochlor ME solo y en varias combinaciones. Los tratamientos aplicados PRE fueron acetochlor ME, pendimethalin, y un testigo sin herbicida, arreglados factorialmente con diuron, fluometuron, fomesafen, diuron más fomesafen, y un testigo sin herbicida. Los herbicidas PRE fueron seguidos por glufosinate aplicado dos veces POST y diuron más MSMA dirigido a la base del cultivo antes del cierre del dosel (layby). Acetochlor ME causó menos daño al algodón que pendimethalin. Acetochlor ME solo o en combinación con otros herbicidas redujo el crecimiento del algodón 5 a 8% temprano durante la temporada, mientras que pendimethalin solo o en combinaciones dañó el algodón 11 a 13%. El daño temprano durante la temporada fue transitorio y a 65 y 84 d después del tratamiento PRE, el daño ya no se notaba. Antes de la primera aplicación POST de glufosinate, acetochlor ME y pendimethalin controlaron A. palmeri 84 y 64%, respectivamente. El control con acetochlor ME fue similar al control con diuron más fomesafen y fue mayor que el control con diuron, fluometuron, o fomesafen solos. Se obtuvo un control superior a 90% con acetochlor ME mezclado con diuron o fomesafen. El control de A. palmeri fue similar con acetochlor ME más fomesafen a una dosis completa o una dosis reducida. Acetochlor ME controló Digitaria sanguinalis y Eleusine indica a 91 y 100% al compararse con un control de 83 a 91% con pendimethalin, respectivamente. Después de las dos aplicaciones POST de glufosinate y la aplicación layby de diuron más MSMA, se obtuvo 96 a 99% de control al final de la temporada con todos los tratamientos, y no se notaron diferencias en el rendimiento del algodón entre ninguno de los tratamientos. Esta investigación demostró que acetochlor ME puede ser usado en forma segura y efectiva en programas de manejo de malezas en algodón.

Keywords

AcetochlordiuronfluometuronfomesafenglufosinateMSMApendimethalingoosegrass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Watscotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.Crop toleranceherbicide mixturesherbicide resistance managementherbicide-resistant weeds
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 29 , Issue 4 , December 2015 , pp. 740 - 750
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Lawrence E. Steckel, University of Tennessee.

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