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Weed control and crop tolerance with S-metolachlor in seeded summer squash and cucumber

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2020

Thierry E. Besançon Open the ORCID record for Thierry E. Besançon [Opens in a new window] ,
Maggie H. Wasacz  and
Baylee L. Carr
Thierry E. Besançon*
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Maggie H. Wasacz
Affiliation:
Graduate student, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Baylee L. Carr
Affiliation:
Field Researcher IV, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Thierry Besançon, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, P.E. Marucci Research Center, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, NJ08018. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Residual herbicides remain the primary tool for efficient weed control in cucurbit crops because of the lack of crop tolerance to many POST herbicide options. Field experiments were conducted in New Jersey in 2018 and 2019 to determine weed control efficacy and tolerance of direct-seeded cucumber ‘Python’ and summer squash ‘Gold Prize’ to S-metolachlor applied at 0.7 or 1.4 kg ai ha−1 at planting (PRE) or when crops reached the second- to third-leaf stage (EPOST). Regardless of applied rate, S-metolachlor PRE or EPOST provided 96% to 100% control 3 wk after planting (WAP) of smooth pigweed, large crabgrass, and giant foxtail. S-metolachlor PRE significantly improved American black nightshade and carpetweed control 3 WAP with respect to bensulide, and smooth pigweed with respect to clomazone + ethalfluralin. Summer squash showed excellent tolerance, regardless of S-metolachlor rate or timing of application, with stunting not exceeding 17% 4 WAP and 3% 7 WAP at the 1.4 kg ha−1 rate. Marketable yield decreased by 15% with S-metolachlor PRE or POST at 1.4 kg ha−1 with respect to clomazone + ethalfluralin, a reduction not noted when comparing with bensulide or the handweeded control. Marketable fruit number plant−1 and individual fruit weight were not affected by S-metolachlor applications. Conversely, cucumber was more sensitive to S-metolachlor than summer squash was with 30% seedling emergence reduction and 36% to 43% stunting 4 WAP when S-metolachlor was applied PRE at 1.4 kg ha−1. EPOST application resulted in 15% to 26% cucumber injury 1 wk after treatment. Marketable yield declined by 21% and 39% with the 0.7 and 1.4 kg ha−1 rates of S-metolachlor, respectively, compared with clomazone + ethalfluralin. Therefore, S-metolachlor may be a novel alternative to already labeled residual herbicides for summer squash, but unacceptable injury and yield reduction do not support its registration on cucumber.

Keywords

BensulideclomazoneethalfluralinS-metolachlorAmerican black nightshade, Solanum americanum Mill.carpetweed, Mollugo verticillata L.giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm.large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L.cucumber, Cucumis sativus L.summer squash, Cucurbita pepo L.Crop injurycucurbitsPRE herbicideVLCFA inhibitor
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 34 , Issue 6 , December 2020 , pp. 849 - 856
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2020

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Peter J. Dittmar, University of Florida

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