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Tillage and Nitrogen Influence Weed Population Dynamics in Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

John T. O'Donovan ,
David W. McAndrew  and
A. Gordon Thomas
John T. O'Donovan
Affiliation:
Alberta Research Council, Postal Bag 4000, Vegreville, AB, Canada T9C IT4
David W. McAndrew
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agri-Food Diversification Research Centre 101, Route 100, Morden, MB, Canada R6M 1Y5
A. Gordon Thomas
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 0X2
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Abstract

Field experiments were initiated at Alliance and Hairy Hill, Alberta, in 1989 to investigate the effects of conventional tillage, zero tillage, and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer on continuous barley production. In both tillage systems, the nitrogen was banded 6 to 8 cm deep between alternate barley rows. Herbicides were used for weed control each year. The influence of tillage and nitrogen on weed seed population dynamics was determined in 1991 and 1992. In the zero-tillage system, a large proportion of the weed seeds were present either at the soil surface or at the 5- to 10-cm depth. Green foxtail, the dominant species at Alliance, was also present at Hairy Hill where field pennycress was dominant. Green foxtail was consistently associated with low (residual) nitrogen and, in most cases, with conventional tillage. At both locations, green foxtail populations tended to decrease to very low levels as nitrogen rate increased, especially in zero tillage. At Hairy Hill, field pennycress populations in the soil seedbank were higher in zero tillage compared with conventional tillage, but plants that emerged from the soil seedbank in the field in spring were lower in zero tillage. Field pennycress populations were highest under low nitrogen. The results indicate that banding nitrogen has the potential to be an effective tool for green foxtail and field pennycress management in conventional- and zero-tillage systems, resulting in less dependence on herbicides for their control.

Keywords

Field pennycress, Thlapsi arvense L.# THLARgreen foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. # SETVIbarley, Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Leduc’Banded nitrogenfield pennycressgreen foxtailordinationzero tillageSETVITHLARPOLCOConv, conventional tillage systemNadd, nitrogen at 60, 120, and 180 kg/haNres, residual nitrogenRDA, redundancy analysiszero, zero-tillage system
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 11 , Issue 3 , September 1997 , pp. 502 - 509
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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