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Temperature and Relative Humidity Affect Weed Response to Vinegar and Clove Oil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Daniel C. Brainard ,
William S. Curran ,
Robin R. Bellinder ,
Mathieu Ngouajio ,
Mark J. VanGessel ,
Milton J. Haar ,
W. Thomas Lanini  and
John B. Masiunas
Daniel C. Brainard*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, A440 Plant and Soil Science Building, East Lansing, MI 48824
William S. Curran
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 423 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA, 16802
Robin R. Bellinder
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, 164 Plant Science Building, Ithaca, NY, 14850
Mathieu Ngouajio
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, A440 Plant and Soil Science Building, East Lansing, MI 48824
Mark J. VanGessel
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, 16684 County Seat Highway, Georgetown, DE, 19947
Milton J. Haar
Affiliation:
Badlands National Park, 25216 Ben Reifel Rd., Interior, SD, 57750
W. Thomas Lanini
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, 278 Robbins Hall, Davis, CA 95616
John B. Masiunas
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 260 E R Madigan Laboratory, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Nonsynthetic herbicides offer a potentially useful addition to the suite of weed management tools available to organic growers, but limited information is available to guide the optimal use of these products. The objectives of this research were to (1) evaluate the efficacy of clove oil– and vinegar-based herbicides on weeds across multiple states, and (2) assess the potential role of temperature, relative humidity (RH), and cloud cover in explaining inter-state variations in results. From 2006 to 2008, a total of 20 field trials were conducted in seven states using an identical protocol. Seeds of brown mustard were sown and herbicides applied to both mustard and emerged weeds when mustard reached the three- to four-leaf stage. Treatments included clove oil at 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% v/v concentrations at 54 L ha−1, and vinegar at 5, 10, 15, and 20% v/v concentrations at 107 L ha−1. Results varied widely across trials. In general, concentrations of at least 7.5% for clove oil and 15% for vinegar were needed for adequate control of mustard. Both products were more effective at suppressing mustard than Amaranthus spp. or common lambsquarters. Poor control was observed for annual grasses. No significant effects of cloud cover on the efficacy of either product were detected. In contrast, RH was positively correlated with control of brown mustard by both clove oil and vinegar with improved control at higher RH. Temperature had no detectable effect on the efficacy of clove oil, but higher temperatures improved control of brown mustard by vinegar.

Herbicidas no-sintéticos ofrecen potencialmente una adición útil a la variedad de herramientas para el manejo de malezas, disponible para productores orgánicos. Sin embargo, hay poca información disponible para guiar el uso óptimo de estos productos. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron (1) evaluar, en diferentes estados, la eficacia de herbicidas a base de aceite de trébol y de vinagre sobre malezas, y (2) evaluar el papel potencial de la temperatura, humedad relativa (RH), y la cobertura nubosa para explicar variaciones inter-estatales en los resultados. De 2006 a 2008, un total de 20 experimentos de campo fueron realizados en siete estados usando un protocolo idéntico. Semillas de mostaza (Brassica juncea) fueron sembradas y los herbicidas aplicados a la mostaza y malezas emergidas cuando la mostaza alcanzó el estado de desarrollo de tres a cuatro hojas. Los tratamientos incluyeron aceite de trébol a concentraciones de 2.5, 5, 7.5 y 10% v/v a 54 L ha−1, y vinagre a concentraciones de 5, 10, 15 y 20% v/v a 107 L ha−1. Los resultados variaron ampliamente entre experimentos. En general, concentraciones de al menos 7.5% para el aceite de trébol y 15% para el vinagre fueron necesarias para el control adecuado de la mostaza. Ambos productos fueron más efectivos para suprimir la mostaza que Amaranthus spp. o Chenopodium album. Se observó un control pobre de gramíneas anuales. No se detectaron efectos significativos de la cobertura nubosa sobre la eficacia de ninguno de los productos. En cambio, la RH estuvo positivamente correlacionada con el control de la mostaza por el aceite de trébol y el vinagre con un mejor control a RH más altas. La temperatura no tuvo efectos detectables sobre la eficacia del aceite de trébol, pero las temperaturas altas mejoraron el control de la mostaza con vinagre.

Keywords

Clove oilvinegarcommon lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L.redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L.brown mustard, Brassica juncea L. CzerniakAcetic acidcloud cover effectseugenolnatural-product herbicidesorganic weed managementweed control
Type
Weed Management—Techniques
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 27 , Issue 1 , March 2013 , pp. 156 - 164
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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