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Spring- and Fall-Seeded Radish Cover-Crop Effects on Weed Management in Corn

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Miriam F. Gieske ,
Donald L. Wyse  and
Beverly R. Durgan
Miriam F. Gieske*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108
Donald L. Wyse
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108
Beverly R. Durgan
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Weeds often limit productivity of organic cropping systems. Radish is a fast-growing, potentially allelopathic cover crop that has the potential to improve weed management in organic systems. To evaluate the effect of radish on density, cover, and biomass of weeds in organically managed corn, 2-yr field experiments were conducted over 4 site years. Four cover-crop planting treatments (fall-only, spring-only, fall + spring, and no cover) were tested in factorial with three cultivation treatments (standard [three to four passes], false seedbed [standard with a false seedbed], and reduced [two passes]). All plots were tilled before planting. Shoot biomass averaged 3,057 kg ha−1 for fall-seeded radish and 385 kg ha−1 for spring-seeded radish. Radish cover crops generally did not improve management of weeds during the corn growing season. However, in the absence of a false seedbed, fall-seeded radish reduced field pennycress density from 9 to < 1 plant m−2 and horseweed density from 6 to 2 plants m−2 in spring in site years where these weeds were present. Fall-seeded radish also reduced cover of summer annual weeds during the fall cover-crop growing season from 4 to 0% in 1 site year, preventing these weeds from setting seed. Radish cover crops did not affect corn grain yield.

Las malezas a menudo limitan la productividad de los sistemas de cultivos orgánicos. El rábano es un cultivo de cobertura potencialmente alelopático de rápido crecimiento que tiene el potencial de mejorar el manejo de malezas en sistemas orgánicos. Para evaluar el efecto del rábano sobre la densidad, cobertura, y biomasa de malezas en maíz manejado orgánicamente, se realizaron estudios de campo de dos años de duración en 4 sitios-años. Cuatro tratamientos de siembra de cultivos de cobertura (sólo otoño, sólo primavera, otoño + primavera, y sin cobertura) fueron evaluados en forma factorial con tres tratamientos de labranza (estándar [tres a cuatro pases], cama de siembra falsa [estándar con cama de siembra falsa], y reducida [dos pases]). Todas las parcelas fueron labradas antes de la siembra. La biomasa de la parte aérea promedió 3,057 kg ha−1 para el rábano sembrado en el otoño y 385 kg ha−1 para el rábano sembrado en la primavera. Los cultivos de cobertura de rábano generalmente no mejoraron el manejo de malezas durante la temporada de crecimiento del maíz. Sin embargo, en ausencia de la cama de siembra falsa, el rábano sembrado en el otoño redujo la densidad de Thlaspi arvense de 9 a < 1 planta m−2 y la densidad de Conyza canadensis de 6 a 2 plantas m−2 en la primavera, en sitios-años en los que estas malezas estuvieron presentes. El rábano sembrado en el otoño también redujo la cobertura de malezas anuales de verano durante la temporada de crecimiento del cultivo de cobertura de 4 a 0% en 1 sitio-año, previniendo así que estas malezas produjeran semillas. Los cultivos de cobertura de rábano no afectaron el rendimiento de grano del maíz.

Keywords

Field pennycress, Thlaspi arvense L. THLARhorseweed, Conyza canadensis [L.] Cronq. ERICAradish, Raphanus sativus L.corn, Zea mays L.Brassicaecological weed managementfrost seedinggreen manuresorganic cropping systems
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , June 2016 , pp. 559 - 572
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108

Associate Editor for this paper: W. Carroll Johnson III, USDA-ARS.

References

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