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Spray Deposits from Nicosulfuron with Salts that Affect Efficacy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

John D. Nalewaja  and
Robert Matysiak
John D. Nalewaja*
Affiliation:
North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105-5051
Robert Matysiak
Affiliation:
North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105-5051
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Nicosulfuron efficacy varies with surfactant, natural salts in the spray water carrier, and added nitrogen fertilizer salts. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) were taken of nicosulfuron spray droplet residue on large crabgrass in the greenhouse. Spray residue characteristics differ for nicosulfuron applied with surfactants alone and with specific salts. Uniform deposits with close contact to the leaf epicuticular surface generally related positively to nicosulfuron efficacy. Ammonium salt enhancement of nicosulfuron phytotoxicity when with surfactant X-77® related to a change from a ring to a uniform deposit. Spray mixtures containing Tween 20 or Atplus 300F surfactants that gave distinct dark amorphous deposits over anticlinal cell walls generally related to effective nicosulfuron treatments. Salts that were antagonistic to nicosulfuron phytotoxicity left a large amorphous deposit, including ammonium nitrate antagonism of nicosulfuron applied with Pluronic® P85 surfactant and general antagonism from sodium bicarbonate. The SEM information indicates that the effect of surfactants and salts on spray deposit characteristics influence nicosulfuron efficacy.

Keywords

Nicosulfuron, 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamidelarge crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) ScopAdjuvantantagonismammonium nitrateureasodium bicarbonatespray technologySEM, scanning electron micrographs28% N, liquid fertilizer containing ammonium nitrate and urea
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 14 , Issue 4 , December 2000 , pp. 740 - 749
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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