Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-s22k5 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-08T20:00:49.767Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Rapeseed (Brassica napus) Green Manure Crop Suppresses Weeds in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Rick A. Boydston  and
Ann Hang
Rick A. Boydston
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric. and Washington State Univ., Irrig. Agric. Res. and Ext. Ctr., Prosser, WA 99350-9687
Ann Hang
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric. and Washington State Univ., Irrig. Agric. Res. and Ext. Ctr., Prosser, WA 99350-9687
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Fall-planted rapeseed and sudangrass were evaluated for weed control in potato during a two-year study. Rapeseed incorporated in the spring in a loamy sand soil reduced weed density 85 and 73% in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and reduced weed biomass 96 and 50% in 1992 and 1993, respectively, in following potato crops compared to potato after fallow. Potato following rapeseed yielded 25% and 17% more total tuber weight than potato following sudangrass in 1992 and fallow in 1993, respectively. In greenhouse trials, rapeseed tissue added to a loamy sand soil at 20 g fresh weight per 400 g dry soil reduced biomass of hairy nightshade and longspine sandbur by 90 and 83%, respectively. Similarly, white mustard tissue added at 20 g fresh weight per 400 g dry soil reduced biomass of hairy nightshade and green foxtail by 83 and 70%, respectively.

Keywords

Green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. # SETVIhairy nightshade, Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner # SOLSAlongspine sandbur, Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fern. # CCHPApotato, Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Russet Burbank’rapeseed, Brassica napus ‘Jupiter,’ sudangrass, Sorghum sudanense (P.) Stapf ‘Trudan 8’white mustard, Brassica hirta Moench ‘Martigena.’
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 9 , Issue 4 , December 1995 , pp. 669 - 675
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Bell, D. T. and Muller, C. H. 1973. Dominance of California annual grasslands by Brassica nigra . Am. Midland Nat. 90:277–299.Google Scholar
2. Boydston, R. A., Al-Khatib, K., Hang, A., Krishnan, G., and Nissen, S. 1994. Weed control with rapeseed (Brassica napus) and white mustard (Brassica hirta) as green manure crops. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 34:89 #266.Google Scholar
3. Brown, P. D. and Morra, J. J. 1993. Fate of ionic thiocyanate (SCN–) in soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41:978–982.Google Scholar
4. Brown, P. D., Morra, J., McCaffrey, J. P., Auld, D. L., and Williams, L. III. 1991. Allelochemicals produced during glucosinolate degradation in soil. J. Chem. Ecol. 17:2021–2034.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5. Chew, F. S. 1988. Biological effects of glucosinolates. p. 155–181 in Cutler, H. G., ed., Biologically Active Natural Products: Potential Use in Agriculture. Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Series No. 380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Cole, R. 1976. Isothiocyanates, nitriles, and thiocyanates as products of autolysis of glucosinolates in Cruciferae. Phytochemistry 15:759–762.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Cole, R. A. 1980. Volatile components produced during ontogeny of some cultivated crucifers. J. Sci. Food Agric. 31:549–557.Google Scholar
8. Dale, J. E. 1986. Decline in phytotoxicity of benzyl isothiocyanate formulated as granules. Weed Sci. 34:325–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Daun, J. K. and McGregor, D. I. 1983. Glucosinolate analysis of rapeseed (canola). Method of the Canadian Grain Commission Grain Research Lab, 2nd Ed., Winnipeg, Manitoba. 32 p.Google Scholar
10. Daun, J. K. 1986. Glucosinolate analysis in rapeseed and canola. An update. Yukajaku 35:426–434.Google Scholar
11. Davison, J. G. 1978. The influence of dose and incorporation on the activity and persistence of metham-sodium. Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. Weeds 2:459–465.Google Scholar
12. Economic Research Service (ERS). 1994. RTD Updates: Integrated pest management. August 1994, No. 1. ERS-USDA, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
13. Erickson, C. G. and Duke, W. B. 1978. Release of phytotoxic residues from wild mustard (Brassica kaber (D.C.) L. C. Wheeler). Proc. Northeast. Weed Sci. Soc. 32:70.Google Scholar
14. Evenari, M. 1949. Germination inhibitors. Bot. Rev. 15:153–194.Google Scholar
15. Fenwick, G. R., Heaney, R. K., and Mawson, R. 1989. Glucosinolates. p. 97–141 in Cheeke, P. R., ed., Toxicants of plant origin, Vol. II: Glycosides. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
16. Fenwick, G. R., Heaney, R. K., and Mullin, W. J. 1983. Glucosinolates and their breakdown products in food and food plants. In Furia, T. E., ed., CRC Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 18:123–201. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
17. Freeman, G. G. and Mossadeghi, N. 1972. Influence of sulphate nutrition on flavour components of three cruciferous plants: radish (Raphanus sativus), cabbage (Brassicaoleracea capitata) and white mustard (Sinapsis alba). J. Sci. Food Agric. 23:387–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Grodzinsky, A. M. 1992. Allelopathic effects of cruciferous plants in crop rotation. p. 77–85 in Rizvi, S.J.H. and Rizvi, V., ed., Allelopathy: Basic and Applied Aspects. Chapman and Hall Press, London.Google Scholar
19. Heaney, R. K. and Fenwick, G. R. 1980. The analysis of glucosinolates in Brassica species using gas chromatography. Direct determination of the thiocyanate ion precursors, glucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin. J. Sci. Food Agric. 31:593–599.Google Scholar
20. Horricks, J. S. 1969. Influence of rape residue on cereal production. Can. J. Plant Sci. 49:632–634.Google Scholar
21. Josefsson, E. 1968. Method for quantitative determination of p-hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate in digests of seed meal of Sinapsis alba L. J. Sci. Food Agric. 19:192–194.Google Scholar
22. Josefsson, E. 1970. Glucosinolate content and amino acid composition of rapeseed (Brassica napus) meal as affected by sulphur and nitrogen nutrition. J. Sci. Food Agric. 21:98–103.Google Scholar
23. Ju, H. Y., Bible, B. B., and Chong, C. 1983. Influence of ionic thiocyanate on growth of cabbage, bean, and tobacco. J. Chem. Ecol. 9:1255–1262.Google Scholar
24. Jurges, K. 1978. Glucosinolates in the growing and flowering plants of Brassica napus and Brassica campestris . Proc. 5th Int. Rapeseed Conf., Malmo, p. 57–60.Google Scholar
25. Leather, G. R. 1983. Weed control using allelopathic crop plants. J. Chem. Ecol. 9:983–989.Google Scholar
26. Mason-Sedun, W. and Jessop, R. S. 1988. Differential phytotoxicity among species and cultivars of the genus Brassica to wheat. II. Activity and persistence of water-soluble phytotoxins from residues of the genus Brassica . Plant Soil 107:69–80.Google Scholar
27. Mason-Sedun, W., Jessop, R. S., and Lovett, J. V. 1986. Differential phytotoxicity among species and cultivars of the genus Brassica to wheat. I. Laboratory and field screening of species. Plant Soil 93:3–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28. Mojtahedi, H., Santo, G. S., Hang, A. N., and Wilson, J. H. 1991. Suppression of root-knot nematode populations with selected rapeseed cultivars as green manure. J. Nematol. 23:170–174.Google Scholar
29. Mojtahedi, H., Santo, G. S., Wilson, J. H., and Hang, A. N. 1993. Managing Meloidogyne chitwoodi on potato with rapeseed as green manure. Plant Dis. 77:42–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30. Muehlchen, A. M., Rand, R. E., and Parke, J. L. 1990. Evaluation of crucifer green manures for controlling Aphanomyces root rot of peas. Plant Dis. 64:651–654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31. Purvis, C. E., Jessop, R. S., and Lovett, J. V. 1985. Selective regulation of germination and growth of annual weeds by crop residues. Weed Res. 25:415–421.Google Scholar
32. Smelt, J. H. and Leistra, M. 1974. Conversion of metham-sodium to methyl isothiocyanate and basic data on the behavior of methyl isothiocyanate in soil. Pestic. Sci. 5:401–407.Google Scholar
33. Smith, W.H.M. and Griffiths, D. W. 1988. A time-course study of glucosinolates in the ontogeny of forage rape (Brassica napus L.). J. Sci. Food Agric. 43:121–134.Google Scholar
34. Stiehl, B. and Bible, B. B. 1985. Effect of crucifer toxin on seedling growth and germination of crop species. HortScience 20:185.Google Scholar
35. Teasdale, J. R. and Taylorson, R. B. 1986. Weed seed response to methyl isothiocyanate and metham. Weed Sci. 34:520–524.Google Scholar
36. Thies, W. 1978. Quantitative analysis of glucosinolates after their enzymatic desulfatation on ion exchange columns. Proc. 5th Int. Rapeseed Congress, Sweden. p. 136–139.Google Scholar
37. Tollsten, L. and Bergstrom, G. 1988. Headspace volatiles of whole plants and macerated plant parts of Brassica and Sinapsis . Phytochemistry 27:4013–4018.Google Scholar
38. Turner, N. J. and Corden, M. E. 1963. Decomposition of sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate in soil. Phytopathology 53:1388–1394.Google Scholar
39. VanEtten, C. H. and Tookey, H. L. 1979. Chemistry and biological effects of glucosinolates. p. 471–500 in Rosental, G. A. and Janzen, D. H., eds., Herbivores Their Interaction with Secondary Plant Metabolites, Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
40. Vaughan, J. G. and Hemingway, J. S. 1959. The utilization of mustards. Econ. Bot. 13:196–204.Google Scholar
41. Vaughan, S., Spencer, G. F., and Loria, R. 1993. Inhibition of Helminthosporium solani strains by natural isothiocyanates. Am. Potato J. 70:852–853.Google Scholar
42. Waddington, J. 1978. Growth of barley, bromegrass, and alfalfa in the greenhouse in soil containing rapeseed and wheat residues. Can. J. Plant Sci. 58:241–248.Google Scholar
43. White, J. G. 1978. Weed control by soil partial sterilant chemicals: A Review. Proc. 1978 Br. Crop Prot. Conf. Weeds 3:987–995.Google Scholar
44. Williams, L. III, Morra, M., Brown, P., and McCaffrey, J. 1993. Toxicity of allyl isothiocyanate-amended soil to Limonius californicas (Mann.) (Coleoptera: Elateridae) wireworms. J. Chem. Ecol. 19:1033–1046.Google Scholar
45. Wolf, R. B., Spencer, G. F., and Kwolek, W. F. 1984. Inhibition of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) germination and growth by benzyl isothiocyanate, a natural toxicant. Weed Sci. 32:612–615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar