Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-f46jp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-11T10:07:31.237Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Principles of Weed Threshold Research

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Lawrence R. Oliver
Lawrence R. Oliver*
Affiliation:
Univ. Arkansas, Altheimer Lab, 276 Altheimer Dr., Fayetteville, AR 72703
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Competitive and economic thresholds are distinctive and important concepts to weed scientists. The producer is most concerned about the economic threshold because of its importance in production decisions. The three additive research techniques to determine competitive weed thresholds are removal or plant-back, paired plot, and area of influence. Each method has advantages and disadvantages and must be conducted in a specific manner in the field. The area of influence technique is the most accurate for determining the influence of a single weed. Data must be reported in a usable form such as percent yield reduction. An example calculation for determining the two weed thresholds is illustrated with common cocklebur in soybeans. Generally, the economic threshold is one-half to one-third the competitive threshold.

Keywords

Common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. # XANSTsoybeans, Glycine max (L.)Merr.Competitive thresholdeconomic thresholdadditive removal or plant-back techniquearea of influence techniquepaired plot techniqueweed interferencethreshold calculations
Type
Feature
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 2 , Issue 4 , October 1988 , pp. 398 - 403
Copyright
Copyright © 1988 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Barrentine, W. L. 1974. Common cocklebur competition in soybeans. Weed Sci. 22:600–603.Google Scholar
2. Barrentine, W. L., and Oliver, L. R. 1977. Competition, threshold levels, and control of cocklebur in soybeans. Miss. Agric. For. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. 83.Google Scholar
3. Bell, V. D., and Oliver, L. R. 1979. Germination, control, and competition of cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata) in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 27:133–138.Google Scholar
4. Bloomberg, J. R., Kirkpatrick, B. L., and Wax, L. M. 1982. Competition of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum) with soybean (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 30:507–513.Google Scholar
5. Bridges, D. C., and Chandler, J. M. 1984. Devilsclaw and wild okra competition with cotton. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 37:312.Google Scholar
6. Buchanan, G. A. 1981. Management of weeds in cotton. p. 215–242 in Pimental, D., ed. Handbook of Pest Management in Agriculture. Vol. III. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
7. Buchanan, G. A., and Burns, E. R. 1971. Weed competition in cotton. I. Sicklepod and tall morningglory. Weed Sci. 19:576–579.Google Scholar
8. Buchanan, G. A., and Burns, E. R. 1971. Weed competition in cotton. II. Cocklebur and redroot pigweed. Weed Sci. 19:580–582.Google Scholar
9. Buchanan, G. A., Crowley, R. H., Street, J. E., and McGuire, J. A. 1980. Competition of sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 28:258–262.Google Scholar
10. Chamblee, R. W., Thompson, L. Jr., and Coble, H. D. 1982. Interference of broadleaf signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla) in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea). Weed Sci. 30:45–49.Google Scholar
11. Chandler, J. M. 1977. Competition of spurred anoda, velvetleaf, prickly sida, and Venice mallow in cotton. Weed Sci. 25:151–158.Google Scholar
12. Chandler, J. M., and Meredith, W. R. Jr. 1983. Yields of three cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivars as influenced by spurred anoda (Anoda cristata) competition. Weed Sci. 31:303–307.Google Scholar
13. Coble, H. D., and Ritter, R. L. 1978. Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum) interference in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed So. 26:556–559.Google Scholar
14. Coble, H. D., Williams, F. M., and Ritter, R. L. 1981. Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) interference in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 29:339–342.Google Scholar
15. Cordes, R. C., and Bauman, T. T. 1984. Field competition between ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) and soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 32:364–370.Google Scholar
16. Crowley, R. H., and Buchanan, G. A. 1978. Competition of four morningglory (Ipomoea spp.) species with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 26:484–488.Google Scholar
17. Diarra, A., Smith, R. J. Jr., and Talbert, R. E. 1985. Interference of red rice (Oryza sativa) with rice (O. sativa). Weed Sci. 33:644–649.Google Scholar
18. Egley, G. H., and Chandler, J. M. 1983. Longevity of weed seeds after 5.5 years in the Stoneville 50-year buried-seed study. Weed Sci. 31:264–270.Google Scholar
19. Feltner, K. C., Hurst, H. R., and Anderson, L. E. 1969. Yellow foxtail competition in grain sorghum. Weed Sci. 17:211–213.Google Scholar
20. Hagood, E. S. Jr., Bauman, T. T., Williams, J. L. Jr., and Schreiber, M. M. 1981. Growth analysis of soybeans (Glycine max) in competition with jimsonweed (Datura stramonium). Weed Sci. 29:500–504.Google Scholar
21. Keisling, T. C., Oliver, L. R., Crowley, R. H., and Baldwin, F. L. 1984. Potential use of response surface analyses for weed management in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 32:552–557.Google Scholar
22. Marra, M. C., and Carlson, G. A. 1983. An economic threshold model for weeds in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 31:604–609.Google Scholar
23. McWhorter, C. G., and Anderson, J. M. 1981. The technical and economic effects of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) control in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 29:245–253.Google Scholar
24. McWhorter, C. G., and Hartwig, E. E. 1972. Competition of johnsongrass and cocklebur with six soybean varieties. Weed Sci. 20:56–59.Google Scholar
25. Moiser, D. G. 1986. Common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) and entireleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula) interference on soybeans (Glycine max). Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Arkansas, Fayetteville.Google Scholar
26. Monks, D. W. 1985. Emergence, seedling growth, and area of influence of weeds common in soybeans (Glycine max). Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Arkansas, Fayetteville.Google Scholar
27. O'Donovan, J. T., de St. Remy, E. A., O'Sullivan, P. A., Dew, D. A., and Sharma, A. K. 1985. Influence of the relative time of emergence of wild oat (Avena fatua) on yield loss of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Sci. 33:498–503.Google Scholar
28. Oliver, L. R., and Buchanan, G. A. 1986. Weed competition and economic thresholds. p. 71–97 in Camper, N. D., ed. Research Methods in Weed Science (Third Edition). South. Weed Sci. Soc., Champaign, IL.Google Scholar
29. Patterson, M. G., Buchanan, G. A., Street, J. E., and Crowley, R. H. 1980. Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) competition with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 28:327–329.Google Scholar
30. Patterson, D. T., and Flint, E. P. 1983. Comparative relations photosynthesis, and growth of soybean (Glycine max) and seven associated weeds. Weed Sci. 31:318–323.Google Scholar
31. Reynolds, D. B. 1984. Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) interference with soybeans (Glycine max) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). M.S. thesis, Univ. Arkansas, Fayetteville.Google Scholar
32. Rogers, N. K., Buchanan, G. A., and Johnson, W. C. 1976. Influence of row spacing on weed competition with cotton. Weed Sci. 24:410–413.Google Scholar
33. Schultz, M. E., and Burnside, O. C. 1979. Distribution, competition, and phenology of hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum) in Nebraska. Weed Sci. 27:565–570.Google Scholar
34. Schweizer, E. E. 1983. Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) interference in sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris). Weed Sci. 31:5–8.Google Scholar
35. Shurtleff, J. L., and Coble, H. D. 1985. The interaction of soybean (Glycine max) and five weed species in the greenhouse. Weed Sci. 33:669–672.Google Scholar
36. Sims, B. D. 1986. Influence of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) on soybean (Glycine max) growth and yield. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville.Google Scholar
37. Snipes, C. E., Buchanan, G. A., Street, J. E., and McGuire, J. A. 1982. Competition of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum) with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 30:553–556.Google Scholar
38. Staniforth, D. W. 1962. Responses of soybean varieties to weed competition. Agron. J. 54:11–13.Google Scholar
39. Street, J. E., Buchanan, G. A., Crowley, R. H., and McGuire, J. A. 1981. Influence of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) densities on competitiveness of pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) and sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia). Weed Sci. 29:253–256.Google Scholar
40. Thurlow, D. L., and Buchanan, G. A. 1972. Competition of sicklepod with soybeans. Weed Sci. 20:379–384.Google Scholar
41. Weatherspoon, D. M., and Schweizer, E. E. 1971. Competition between sugarbeets and five densities of kochia. Weed Sci. 19:125–128.Google Scholar
42. Williams, C. S., and Hayes, R. M. 1984. Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) competition in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 32:498–501.Google Scholar
43. Wilson, H. P., and Cole, R. H. 1966. Morningglory competition in soybeans. Weeds 14:49–51.Google Scholar
44. Young, F. L., Wyse, D. L., and Jones, R. J. 1984. Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) interference on corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 32:226–234.Google Scholar