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Phenological Indicators for Emergence of Large and Smooth Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis and D. ischaemum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

John Cardina ,
Catherine P. Herms  and
Daniel A. Herms
John Cardina*
Affiliation:
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691
Catherine P. Herms
Affiliation:
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691
Daniel A. Herms
Affiliation:
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

We studied the emergence phenology of large and smooth crabgrass in lawn and bare soil environments and identified ornamental plants as phenological indicators that predict the progress of emergence. From 2002 to 2004, we monitored emergence of large and smooth crabgrass in field plots to estimate the dates of first emergence, and 25, 50 and 80% emergence. Each year, we monitored 74 taxa of ornamental plants to determine dates of first and full bloom. We compiled dates of weed emergence and ornamental blooming to create a biological calendar of phenological events for each year, ordered by average cumulative degree days (DD) (January 1 start date, 10 C base temperature). Ornamental plant flowering events that occurred in a regular sequence before crabgrass emergence events were identified as the phenological indicators. We also evaluated DD and rule-based models for predicting crabgrass emergence and optimum time of PRE herbicide application. In general, smooth crabgrass reached each emergence stage earlier than large crabgrass. Differences in emergence between environments were not consistent over years for the two species. There was no consistent pattern in parameters for DD models predicting emergence events for either crabgrass species or environment. For published DD models, the deviation between observed and predicted emergence events ranged from 0 to > 60 d. Published rule-based predictions, though accurate in some cases, were sometimes difficult to implement. The order of ornamental plant blooming and crabgrass emergence events was generally consistent over years (R2 = 0.977). The biological calendar provided useful crabgrass emergence predictions using real-time field-based indicators of sequential biological events that can help managers plan and optimize management strategies.

Estudiamos la fenología de la emergencia de Digitaria sanguinalis y Digitaria ischaemum en ambientes de césped de jardín y del suelo desnudo e identificamos plantas ornamentales indicadoras que predicen la evolución de la emergencia. De 2002 a 2004 monitoreamos la emergencia de Digitaria sanguinalis y Digitaria ischaemum en parcelas de campo para estimar las fechas de la primera emergencia, y de 25, 50 y 80% de emergencia. Cada año, monitoreamos una muestra de 74 plantas ornamentales para determinar las fechas de la primera y de la floración total. Compilamos fechas de emergencia de las malezas y la floración de las plantas ornamentales para crear un calendario biológico de eventos fenológicos para cada año, ordenado por el promedio de grados-día acumulados (día de inicio: enero 1; temperatura base: 10 grados C). Los eventos de floración de las plantas ornamentales que ocurrieron en una secuencia regular antes de la emergencia de Digitaria ischaemum fueron identificados como indicadores fenológicos. También evaluamos modelos grado-día y modelos-norma basado en reglas para predecir la emergencia de Digitaria y el tiempo óptimo para la aplicación pre-emergente de herbicidas. En general, Digitaria ischaemum alcanzó cada etapa de emergencia más temprano que Digitaria sanguinalis. Las diferencias de emergencia entre los ambientes no fueron consistentes durante los años de estudio para las dos especies. No hubo un patrón consistente en los parámetros para de los modelos grado-día (DD) para predecir eventos de emergencia para ninguna de las especies de Digitaria o los dos ambientes. Para los modelos DD publicados, la desviación entre los eventos de emergencia observados y predichos, variaron entre 0 y > 60 días. Las predicciones publicadas basadas en modelos-norma, aunque bastante certeras en algunos casos, a veces fueron difíciles de implementar. El orden de floración de las plantas ornamentales y los eventos de emergencia de Digitaria fueron generalmente consistentes en los años del estudio (R2 = 0.977). El calendario biológico proporcionó predicciones útiles acerca de la emergencia de Digitaria, usando indicadores de los eventos de secuencia biológica, en tiempo real y basados en el campo, que pueden ayudar a los administradores a planear y optimizar las estrategias de manejo.

Keywords

Large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSAsmooth crabgrass, Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl. DIGISPhenologyemergence predictionindicator speciesdegree-day modelsbiological calendarPRE herbicide applicationsornamental plant floweringturfgrass
Type
Weed Biology and Competition
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 25 , Issue 1 , March 2011 , pp. 141 - 150
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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