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Modeling the Simultaneous Evolution of Resistance to ALS- and ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicides in Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in Clearfield® Rice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan ,
Jason K. Norsworthy ,
Kenneth L. Smith  and
Paul Neve
Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
Kenneth L. Smith
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
Paul Neve
Affiliation:
School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, United Kingdom
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass has become widespread in the rice production systems of the midsouthern United States, leaving few effective herbicide options for controlling this weed. The acetolactate synthase (ALS)- and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides remain largely effective in Clearfield® rice production, but strategies need to be developed to protect the long-term utility of these options. A two-trait model was developed to understand simultaneous evolution of resistance in barnyardgrass to the ALS- and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in Clearfield rice. The model was used to predict resistance under a number of common weed management scenarios across 1,000 hypothetical rice fields in the Mississippi Delta region and answer some key management questions. Under an ALS inhibitor–only program consisting of three annual applications of imidazolinone herbicides (imazethapyr or imazamox) in continuous Clearfield rice, resistance was predicted within 4 yr with 80% risk by year 30. Weed management programs that consisted of ALS- and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides such as fenoxaprop and cyhalofop greatly reduced the risk of ALS-inhibiting herbicide resistance (12% risk by year 30), but there was a considerable risk for ACCase resistance (evolving by year 14 with 13% risk by year 30) and multiple resistance (evolving by year 16 with 11% risk by year 30) to both of these mechanisms of action. A unique insight was that failure to stop using a herbicide soon after resistance evolution can accelerate resistance to the subsequent herbicide option. Further, a strong emphasis on minimizing seedbank size is vital for any successful weed management strategy. Results also demonstrated that diversifying management options is not just adequate, but diversity combined with timely herbicide applications aimed at achieving high efficacy levels possible is imperative.

Echinochloa crus-galli resistente a herbicidas se ha esparcido ampliamente en los sistemas de producción de arroz del centro-sur de los Estados Unidos, dejando pocas opciones efectivas de herbicidas para el control de esta maleza. Los herbicidas inhibidores de acetolactate synthase (ALS) y de acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) continúan siendo efectivos en la producción de arroz Clearfield®, pero se necesita desarrollar estrategias para proteger la utilidad de estas opciones en el largo plazo. Se desarrolló un modelo de dos caracteres para entender la evolución simultánea de resistencia a herbicidas inhibidores de ALS y ACCase en E. crus-galli en arroz Clearfield. El modelo fue usado para predecir la resistencia bajo un número de escenarios comunes de manejo de malezas en 1,000 campos hipotéticos de arroz en la región del Delta del Mississippi y así poder contestar algunas preguntas clave para el manejo. Bajo un programa de solamente inhibidores ALS consistiendo de tres aplicaciones anuales de herbicidas imidazolinone (imazethapyr o imazamox) en arroz Clearfield continuo, se predijo la aparición de resistencia después de 4 años con un 80% de riesgo en el año 30. Los programas de manejo de malezas que consistieron de herbicidas inhibidores ALS y ACCase tales como fenoxaprop y cyhalofop redujeron ampliamente el riesgo de resistencia a herbicidas inhibidores ALS (12% de riesgo en el año 30), pero hubo un riesgo considerable de resistencia a ACCase (evolucionando en el año 14 con un 13% de riesgo en el año 30) y resistencia múltiple para ambos mecanismos de acción (evolucionando en el año 16 con un 11% de riesgo en el año 30). Un descubrimiento único fue que la falla en detener el uso del herbicida inmediatamente después de la evolución de la resistencia puede acelerar la resistencia a la siguiente opción de herbicidas. Además, un énfasis fuerte en minimizar el tamaño del banco de semillas es vital para el éxito de cualquier estrategia de manejo de malezas. Los resultados no es solo demostraron que el diversificar las opciones de manejo es adecuado, pero que es imperativo el combinar diversidad con aplicaciones de herbicidas en el momento adecuado para alcanzar los niveles de eficacia más altos posibles.

Keywords

Cyhalofopfenoxapropimazamoximazethapyrbarnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. ECHCGrice, Oryza sativa L.Clearfield® riceherbicide resistance managementmultiple resistancesimulation modelingweed population dynamics
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 28 , Issue 1 , March 2014 , pp. 89 - 103
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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