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Integrating fall-planted cereal cover crops and preplant herbicides for glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis) management in soybean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2020

John A. Schramski Open the ORCID record for John A. Schramski [Opens in a new window] ,
Christy L. Sprague Open the ORCID record for Christy L. Sprague [Opens in a new window]  and
Karen A. Renner Open the ORCID record for Karen A. Renner [Opens in a new window]
John A. Schramski*
Affiliation:
Former Graduate Student, Michigan State University, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, East Lansing, MI, USA
Christy L. Sprague
Affiliation:
Professor, Michigan State University, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, East Lansing, MI, USA
Karen A. Renner
Affiliation:
Professor, Michigan State University, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, East Lansing, MI, USA
*
Author for correspondence: John A. Schramski, Technology Development Representative, Bayer CropScience, 6242 Angling Rd., Portage, MI 49024 Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Glyphosate-resistant horseweed is difficult to manage in no-tillage crop production fields and new strategies are needed. Cover crops may provide an additional management tool but narrow establishment windows and colder growing conditions in northern climates may limit the cover crop biomass required to suppress horseweed. Field experiments were conducted in 3 site-years in Michigan to investigate the effects of two fall-planted cover crops, cereal rye and winter wheat, seeded at 67 or 135 kg ha−1, to suppress horseweed when integrated with three preplant herbicide strategies in no-tillage soybean. The preplant strategies were control (glyphosate only), preplant herbicide without residuals (glyphosate + 2,4-D), and preplant herbicide with residuals (glyphosate + 2,4-D + flumioxazin + metribuzin). Cereal rye produced 79% more biomass and provided 12% more ground cover than winter wheat in 2 site-years. Increasing seeding rate provided 41% more cover biomass in 1 site-year. Cover crops reduced horseweed density 47% to 96% and horseweed biomass by 59% to 70% compared with no cover at the time of cover crop termination. Cover crops provided no additional horseweed suppression 5 wk after soybean planting if a preplant herbicide with or without residuals was applied, but reduced horseweed biomass greater than 33% in the absence of preplant herbicides. Cover crops did not affect horseweed suppression at the time of soybean harvest or influence soybean yield. Preplant herbicide with residuals and without residuals provided at least 52% and 20% greater soybean yield compared with the control at 2 site-years, respectively. Cereal rye and winter wheat provided early-season horseweed suppression at biomass levels below 1,500 kg ha−1, lower than previously reported. This could give growers in northern climates an effective strategy for suppressing horseweed through the time of POST herbicide application while reducing selection pressure for horseweed that is resistant to more herbicide sites of action.

Keywords

marestailCanada fleabanehorseweedConyza canadensis L. Cronq.winter wheatTriticum aestivum L.cereal ryeSecale cereale L.soybeanGlycine max (L.) Merr.
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 35 , Issue 2 , April 2021 , pp. 234 - 241
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Amit Jhala, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

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