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Impact of Fall and Early Spring Herbicide Applications on Insect Injury and Soil Conditions in No-Till Corn

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Nicholas Monnig ,
Thomas L. Clark ,
Wayne C. Bailey  and
Kevin W. Bradley
Nicholas Monnig
Affiliation:
Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
Thomas L. Clark
Affiliation:
Monsanto, Co., Chesterfield, MO 63017
Wayne C. Bailey
Affiliation:
Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
Kevin W. Bradley*
Affiliation:
Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Field studies were established at two Missouri locations in 2004 and 2005 to evaluate the effects of fall and early spring herbicide applications on soil temperature, soil moisture content, and insect injury in no-till corn production systems. Both experiments received applications of simazine plus 2,4-D, rimsulfuron plus thifensulfuron plus 2,4-D, and glyphosate plus 2,4-D in the fall, 45 d prior to planting (45 d EPP), 30 d prior to planting (30 d EPP), and 7 d prior to planting (7 d EPP). During a period from April 1 to April 14, simazine plus 2,4-D applied 45 d EPP resulted in higher soil temperatures at a 5-cm depth compared to the untreated control. However, there were few differences in soil temperature present from April 15 to May 1. Soil moisture readings taken during this same time period correlated with soil temperature readings. Measurements of soil moisture taken at 1 and 3 wk after planting (WAP) revealed significantly lower soil moisture readings in the untreated compared to herbicide treated plots. This lower soil moisture content allowed untreated plots to warm up more rapidly and thereby eliminated any negative impacts that dense stands of winter annual weeds may have had on soil temperature. Evaluations of corn flea beetle and lepidopteron injury taken at the V2, V4, and V6 corn leaf stages revealed significant differences in injury as a result of these treatments. When dense stands of winter and summer annual weeds were left uncontrolled, corn flea beetle injury was significantly lower than in plots treated with a herbicide. However, when a post herbicide application was made to remove all weed species prior to the V6 sampling date, differences in corn flea beetle injury between the untreated and herbicide treated plots were eliminated. Additionally, removal of all weed species led to higher lepidopteron injury in the untreated.

Keywords

Glyphosaterimsulfuronsimazinethifensulfuron2,4-Dcorn, Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer 34B23’, corn flea beetle, Chaetocnema pulicaria MelsheimerFall herbicide applicationsherbicide application timingLepidopterano-tillsoil moisturesoil temperatureweed–insect interactionswinter annuals
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , December 2007 , pp. 1002 - 1009
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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